{"title":"Transition & Development Vol. 2.","authors":"Baptiste Barbot","doi":"10.1002/cad.20382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 173","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38640048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taking adolescents' agency in socialization seriously: The role of appraisals and cognitive-behavioral responses in autonomy-relevant parenting.","authors":"Bart Soenens, Maarten Vansteenkiste","doi":"10.1002/cad.20370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parent-adolescent relationships are highly bidirectional in nature, with parental behaviors affecting adolescents' adjustment and with adolescents' behaviors, in turn, eliciting parental practices. However, there is more to adolescents' agency in the socialization process than simple reciprocity. Adolescents contribute actively to the quality and nature of the parent-adolescent relationship by giving meaning to parental behaviors and by engaging in cognitive-behavioral responses to parenting. These processes are discussed in the context of autonomy-relevant parenting, a dimension of parenting with pivotal importance for adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. We call for more research on the micro-processes involved in adolescents' agency because such research can yield a deeper insight in adolescents' differential susceptibility to parenting (depending on factors such as age, culture, and personality). It can also help to explain the multifinality involved in parenting, with, for instance, controlling parenting relating to distinct developmental problems in different adolescents. Finally, such research has applied value because it can help identify adolescents most at risk for the consequences of adverse parenting, and because it can help inform prevention programs aimed at strengthening constructive parent-adolescent communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 173","pages":"7-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38465624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William M Bukowski, Melanie Dirks, Ryan J Persram, Leah Wright, Erika Infantino
{"title":"Peer relations and socioeconomic status and inequality.","authors":"William M Bukowski, Melanie Dirks, Ryan J Persram, Leah Wright, Erika Infantino","doi":"10.1002/cad.20381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although peer relations are recognized as a fundamental developmental context, they have been rarely studied as a means of understanding the effects of socioeconomic status and inequality. In this paper, we show how and why peer relations provide a unique and powerful opportunity to assess the differential risks and resources available in the peer system to children and adolescents from different SES spectra. We argue that research on the intersection between SES and peer relations will enrich both these domains of study.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 173","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38535944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Culture and human development: Where did it go? And where is it going?","authors":"Sara Harkness, Charles M Super","doi":"10.1002/cad.20378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Culture and human development blossomed as a research enterprise in the last quarter of the 20th century; the energy and innovation of that enterprise are less evident now. Where did it go, and where is it going? In this essay, we examine the shifting fields of cross-cultural psychology, psychological anthropology, cultural psychology, indigenous psychology, and the surge of research on Individualism/Collectivism. Offering both academic and personal perspectives, we reflect on the importance of \"culture\" as a construct, and the value of focusing on individual development in that context. The way forward now, we suggest, is international and intercultural collaboration of scientists. The challenge for training new researchers from diverse backgrounds, however, is to equip them with the knowledge and insights gained from cross-cultural psychology, psychological anthropology, and their own cultures, rather than simply making the next generation of scholars into new representatives of Western theories of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 173","pages":"101-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38555204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baptiste Barbot, Sascha Hein, Christopher Trentacosta, Jens F Beckmann, Johanna Bick, Elisabetta Crocetti, Yangyang Liu, Sylvia Fernandez Rao, Jeffrey Liew, Geertjan Overbeek, Liliana A Ponguta, Herbert Scheithauer, Charles Super, Jeffrey Arnett, William Bukowski, Thomas D Cook, James Côté, Jacquelynne S Eccles, Michael Eid, Kazuo Hiraki, Mark Johnson, Linda Juang, Nicole Landi, James Leckman, Peggy McCardle, Kelly Lynn Mulvey, Alex R Piquero, David D Preiss, Robert Siegler, Bart Soenens, Aisha Khizar Yousafzai, Marc H Bornstein, Catherine R Cooper, Luc Goossens, Sara Harkness, Marinus H van IJzendoorn
{"title":"Manifesto for new directions in developmental science.","authors":"Baptiste Barbot, Sascha Hein, Christopher Trentacosta, Jens F Beckmann, Johanna Bick, Elisabetta Crocetti, Yangyang Liu, Sylvia Fernandez Rao, Jeffrey Liew, Geertjan Overbeek, Liliana A Ponguta, Herbert Scheithauer, Charles Super, Jeffrey Arnett, William Bukowski, Thomas D Cook, James Côté, Jacquelynne S Eccles, Michael Eid, Kazuo Hiraki, Mark Johnson, Linda Juang, Nicole Landi, James Leckman, Peggy McCardle, Kelly Lynn Mulvey, Alex R Piquero, David D Preiss, Robert Siegler, Bart Soenens, Aisha Khizar Yousafzai, Marc H Bornstein, Catherine R Cooper, Luc Goossens, Sara Harkness, Marinus H van IJzendoorn","doi":"10.1002/cad.20359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although developmental science has always been evolving, these times of fast-paced and profound social and scientific changes easily lead to disorienting fragmentation rather than coherent scientific advances. What directions should developmental science pursue to meaningfully address real-world problems that impact human development throughout the lifespan? What conceptual or policy shifts are needed to steer the field in these directions? The present manifesto is proposed by a group of scholars from various disciplines and perspectives within developmental science to spark conversations and action plans in response to these questions. After highlighting four critical content domains that merit concentrated and often urgent research efforts, two issues regarding \"how\" we do developmental science and \"what for\" are outlined. This manifesto concludes with five proposals, calling for integrative, inclusive, transdisciplinary, transparent, and actionable developmental science. Specific recommendations, prospects, pitfalls, and challenges to reach this goal are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 172","pages":"135-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9113289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel S Gruver, Sumaya Mall, Jane D Kvalsvig, Justin R Knox, Claude A Mellins, Chris Desmond, Shuaib Kauchali, Stephen M Arpadi, Myra Taylor, Leslie L Davidson
{"title":"Cognitive and Language Development at Age 4-6 Years in Children HIV-Exposed But Uninfected Compared to Those HIV-Unexposed and to Children Living With HIV.","authors":"Rachel S Gruver, Sumaya Mall, Jane D Kvalsvig, Justin R Knox, Claude A Mellins, Chris Desmond, Shuaib Kauchali, Stephen M Arpadi, Myra Taylor, Leslie L Davidson","doi":"10.1002/cad.20351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perinatal HIV infection is associated with delayed neurocognitive development, but less is known about children perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (CHEU). We compared cognitive and language outcomes in 4-6-year old CHEU versus children HIV-unexposed and uninfected (CHUU) and children living with HIV (CLHIV). We enrolled 1,581 children (77% of the child population) in five communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Children completed: Grover-Counter Scale of cognitive development, sub-scales of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Reynell Developmental Language Scales. HIV status of children and primary caregivers was determined by repeated rapid tests or report of prior testing. We conducted a cross-sectional multivariable linear regression on 922 dyads with complete data (257 CHEU, 627 CHUU, 38 CLHIV). On all outcome measures, CHEU and CHUU groups had comparable scores; CLHIV scored significantly lower. Emerging global progress toward the elimination of vertical HIV transmission may not only reduce mortality, but also positively impact child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 171","pages":"39-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38115425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Community-Based Caregiver and Family Interventions to Support the Mental Health of Orphans and Vulnerable Children: Review and Future Directions.","authors":"Francesca Penner, Carla Sharp, Lochner Marais, Cilly Shohet, Deborah Givon, Michael Boivin","doi":"10.1002/cad.20352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of this paper was to conduct a review of studies from 2008 to 2019 that evaluated community-based caregiver or family interventions to support the mental health of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa, across four domains: (a) study methodology, (b) cultural adaptation and community participation, (c) intervention strategies, and (d) effects on child mental health. Ten interventions were identified. Findings revealed that the majority of studies used a randomized controlled trial or quasi-experimental design, but few conducted long-term follow-up; that all programs undertook cultural adaptation of the intervention using community participatory methods, or were locally developed; that the majority of interventions targeted caregiving behavior and/or caregiver-child relationships using behavioral and cognitive-behavioral strategies, or were home visiting interventions; and that interventions had mixed effects on OVC mental health. Progress and gaps revealed by these findings are discussed, as are suggestions for possible new directions in this area of intervention science.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 171","pages":"77-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38112694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Intergenerational Impact of a Slow Pandemic: HIV and Children.","authors":"Geoffrey Peter Garnett","doi":"10.1002/cad.20358","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cad.20358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has, over the last four decades, infected millions of young women and their children. Interventions developed in parallel with the spread of the virus have been able to reduce rates of vertical transmission from mother to child. The impact of HIV in children can be direct in children living with HIV (CLHIV) and exposed to HIV and uninfected, or indirect through impacts on their parents, caregivers, and family. In 2018, the United Nations joint programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that 1.7 million children were living with HIV, 160,000 were newly infected with HIV, and 100,000 died from HIV. Improvement in treatment regimens can improve the life chances of children, but adherence to treatment is a problem, especially for adolescents. Injectable long acting treatments, or interventions to improve service delivery and support for adolescents living with HIV may improve treatment success. In addition to failures of HIV prevention and treatment in CLHIV, there are concerns over exposure to the virus and antivirals leading to delayed child development. To improve the wellbeing of children affected by HIV, social support is necessary, but we need to find ways of enhancing the impact of interventions, perhaps through combining them.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 171","pages":"139-150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7496642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38299921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Tuke, Alla Sikorskii, Sarah K Zalwango, Kyle D Webster, Alexander Ismail, Ruth A Pobee, Jennifer L Barkin, Michael J Boivin, Bruno Giordani, Amara E Ezeamama
{"title":"Psychosocial Adjustment in Ugandan Children: Coping With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure, Lifetime Adversity, and Importance of Social Support.","authors":"Robert Tuke, Alla Sikorskii, Sarah K Zalwango, Kyle D Webster, Alexander Ismail, Ruth A Pobee, Jennifer L Barkin, Michael J Boivin, Bruno Giordani, Amara E Ezeamama","doi":"10.1002/cad.20354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cumulative lifetime adversity and social support were investigated as determinants of psychosocial adjustment (esteem, distress, hopefulness, positive outlook/future aspirations, and sense of purpose) over 12 months in 6-10-years-old HIV-infected, HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children from Uganda. Each determinant and psychosocial adjustment indicator was self-reported using standardized questionnaires administered at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Linear mixed effects models were used to relate time-varying lifetime adversity and social support to psychosocial adjustment over 12 months. Regardless of HIV status, higher adversity predicted lower esteem (coefficient b = -2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): [-4.62, -1.35]) and increased distress (b =3.96, 95% CI: [1.29, 6.62]) but was not associated with hopefulness, positive outlook or sense of purpose. Low social support predicted higher distress (b =9.05, 95% CI: [7.36, 10.73]), lower positive outlook (b = -10.56, 95% CI: [-2.34, -8.79]) and low sense of purpose (b = -9.90, 95% CI: [-11.44, -8.36]) over 12 months. Pragmatic interventions that enhance coping with adversity and provide emotional/instrumental support should be tested for effectiveness in promoting resilient psychosocial adjustment trajectory in vulnerable children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 171","pages":"55-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38113227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mei Tan, Megan Bowers, Phil Thuma, Elena L Grigorenko
{"title":"The Pharmacogenetics of Efavirenz Metabolism in Children: The Potential Genetic and Medical Contributions to Child Development in the Context of Long-Term ARV Treatment.","authors":"Mei Tan, Megan Bowers, Phil Thuma, Elena L Grigorenko","doi":"10.1002/cad.20353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efavirenz (EFV) is a well-known, effective anti-retroviral drug long used in first-line treatment for children and adults with HIV and HIV/AIDS. Due to its narrow window of effective concentrations, between 1 and 4 μg/mL, and neurological side effects at supratherapeutic levels, several investigations into the pharmacokinetics of the drug and its genetic underpinnings have been carried out, primarily with adult samples. A number of studies, however, have examined the genetic influences on the metabolism of EFV in children. Their primary goal has been to shed light on issues of appropriate pediatric dosing, as well as the manifestation of neurotoxic effects of EFV in some children. Although EFV is currently being phased out of use for the treatment of both adults and children, we share this line of research to highlight an important aspect of medical treatment that is relevant to understanding the development of children diagnosed with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":"2020 171","pages":"107-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cad.20353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38145991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}