IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12206

David Christafore, Susane Leguizamon

{"title":"Taste-Based Discrimination, Tolerance and the Wage Gap: When Does Economic Freedom Help Gay Men?","authors":"David Christafore, Susane Leguizamon","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12206","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although gay men have reported experiencing labor market discrimination, re- search studies on a potentially discriminatory wage gap have reported mixed findings. We consider the Becker model of taste based discrimination which hypothesizes that we will observe, in the presence of discrimination, a smaller or non-existent wage gap in more competitive markets. Using economic freedom at the state level as a measure of market competitiveness, and controlling for other influential characteristics, we analyze the wages of over 300,000 men in the United States to consider how economic freedom influences the wage gap between cohabitating gay men and married straight men be- tween the years 2000 and 2014. We find evidence consistent with model predictions in the presence of labor market discrimination for the states in the South and regions with the highest concentrations of religious households but not in the Northeast, West and less religious regions. Given the lower levels of public support of gay rights in the South and religious regions, this result suggests that gay men may be experiencing la- bor market discrimination in these regions but not in regions which typically offer more public support. These findings may help reconcile contradictory findings in previous research which did not explicitly allow for differential regional and religious influences.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/kykl.12206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122592043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Path of Reform: The Consequences of Institutional Volatility 改革之路:制度波动的后果

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12205

J. Brandon Bolen, Claudia R. Williamson

{"title":"The Path of Reform: The Consequences of Institutional Volatility","authors":"J. Brandon Bolen, Claudia R. Williamson","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12205","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The new institutional literature widely acknowledges the benefits of growth-enhancing institutions but rarely discusses the path of institutional reform. While good institutions stabilize the structure of exchange and decrease uncertainty in market transactions, institutional reform may involve institutional volatility. If institutional volatility increases uncertainty, it can mitigate the benefits of reform. Using a sample of 89 countries from 2000-2015, this paper empirically examines the effects of institutional volatility on economic growth. We find that institutional volatility decreases economic growth, particularly during liberalization for countries with low quality institutions and low income. In fact, a one standard deviation increase in volatility decreases growth by about 0.50 percentage points. This finding is robust to multiple estimation techniques and omitted variable bias. Evidence is provided suggesting that this effect is partially mediated through volatility's impact on private investment. These results support prior works that policy makers should pursue economic freedom, but our work indicates they should do so along a stable reform path to maximize economic growth.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/kykl.12205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127754082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

On the Nature of Banks 论银行的性质

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-03-15 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12204

Luis Angeles

引用次数: 2

The Impact of Government Borrowing Costs on Fiscal Discipline 政府借贷成本对财政纪律的影响

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-03-15 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12207

Oļegs Tkačevs, Kārlis Vilerts

引用次数: 15

Values of Economists Matter in the Art and Science of Economics 经济学家的价值关系到经济学的艺术和科学

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-03-15 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12208

Hendrik P. van Dalen

{"title":"Values of Economists Matter in the Art and Science of Economics","authors":"Hendrik P. van Dalen","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What role do personal values play in the practice of economists? By means of a survey among economists working inside and outside academia in the Netherlands, we present novel insights on their personal values, how these differ from the average citizen, and how values impact their economic views and their methodological choices. Three overarching values summarize the value structure of economists: achievement, serving the public interest, and conformity to rules. Subsequent tests are performed to see whether these values affect (1) their opinion on economic propositions and (2) their attitudes towards methodological principles in economics. For the majority of economic propositions, personal values matter. Especially the value of serving the public interest has a strong effect on their economic view. Furthermore, it seems that economists who value achievement are the ones who are more likely to embrace mainstream methodological principles: thinking predominantly in terms of efficiency, rationality, and competition, believing that economic knowledge is objective and transparently produced and in agreement with Milton Friedman's view on positive economics. Female economists are at some notable points less convinced of market solutions and have more trust in the government in serving the public interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/kykl.12208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137689231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Transparency, Policy Outcomes, and Incumbent Support 透明度、政策成果和现任支持

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12203

Luís Aguiar-Conraria, Pedro C. Magalhães, Francisco J. Veiga

引用次数: 4

Join to Prosper? An Empirical Analysis of EU Membership and Economic Growth 加入繁荣?欧盟成员国身份与经济增长的实证分析

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12200

Thomas Barnebeck Andersen, Mikkel Barslund, Pieter Vanhuysse

引用次数: 6

Peer Effects on Weight Status, Dietary Behaviour and Physical Activity among Adolescents in Europe: Findings from the I.Family Study 同龄人对欧洲青少年体重状况、饮食行为和体育活动的影响:来自i .家庭研究的发现

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12197

Wencke Gwozdz, Peng Nie, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Stefaan DeHenauw, Regina Felső, Antje Hebestreit, Isabel Iguacel, Lauren Lissner, Fabio Lauria, Angie Page, Lucia A. Reisch, Michael Tornaritis, Toomas Veidebaum, Garrath Williams, Ronja Foraita, on behalf of the I.Family Consortium

{"title":"Peer Effects on Weight Status, Dietary Behaviour and Physical Activity among Adolescents in Europe: Findings from the I.Family Study","authors":"Wencke Gwozdz, Peng Nie, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Stefaan DeHenauw, Regina Felső, Antje Hebestreit, Isabel Iguacel, Lauren Lissner, Fabio Lauria, Angie Page, Lucia A. Reisch, Michael Tornaritis, Toomas Veidebaum, Garrath Williams, Ronja Foraita, on behalf of the I.Family Consortium","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses survey data from the I.Family Study to investigate the association between adolescent and peer overweight in a sample of adolescents aged 12–16 from six European countries. We find clear evidence of peer effects on body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat, which are stronger among adolescents at the upper end of overweight distribution. We also provide evidence that both consumption of less healthy foods and time spent in leisure time physical activity and audio-visual media are positively associated with similar behaviours among friends. These observations may suggest that peer effects on adolescent overweight operate by influencing friends’ behaviour patterns, especially unhealthy food consumption and physical (in)activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/kykl.12197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123166925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Why Female Decision-Makers Shy away from Promoting Competition 女性决策者为何不愿推动竞争

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12202

Olga Shurchkov, Alexandra V.M. van Geen

{"title":"Why Female Decision-Makers Shy away from Promoting Competition","authors":"Olga Shurchkov, Alexandra V.M. van Geen","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Incentivizing subordinates is a crucial task of anyone in a decision-making role. However, little is known about the mechanisms behind selection of different types of incentives. Our laboratory experiment characterizes the ways in which male and female decision-makers assign incentives, and how these choices are perceived by those affected by them. We find that women are significantly less likely to select “competitive” incentives based on comparative performance of workers, particularly in the treatment where their workers can observe their gender. The results are not due to priming but are rather consistent with the explanation that women conform to gender stereotypes in anticipation of subsequent evaluation by workers. Indeed, female decision-makers are significantly underrated relative to comparable males, even after controlling for incentive choice and an extensive set of individual characteristics. The gender difference in competency ratings can be attributed to male workers rating female decision-makers disproportionately lower relative to their male counterparts. The gender gap in ratings appears to arise because of gender <i>per se</i> and not due to a differential impact of incentives on decision-makers' gender.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/kykl.12202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123727410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Horizontal and Vertical Conflict: Experimental Evidence 水平和垂直冲突:实验证据

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12201

Sebastian Galiani, Cheryl Long, Camila Navajas Ahumada, Gustavo Torrens

引用次数: 1

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