Kyklos最新文献_第9页

The cost of love: Solving the gift anomaly 爱的代价解决礼物异常问题

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12355

Elias L. Khalil

{"title":"The cost of love: Solving the gift anomaly","authors":"Elias L. Khalil","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12355","DOIUrl":"10.1111/kykl.12355","url":null,"abstract":"Friendship-and-love affords bonding that satisfies what can be called “transcendental preferences”—in contradistinction of “substantive preferences” afforded by, for example, food, clothes, and shelter. Substantive preferences involve ordinary “substantive cost,” whereas transcendental preferences involve “bonding cost” that includes heartaches, obsession, and emotional turmoil. What about the cost of gifts such as flowers, time, and other carriers of friendship-and-love? The greater is the expenditure on gifts, the greater the bonding cost. This paper investigates the following question: How should we model bonding cost, which includes the cost of gift, in relation to substantive cost? Given bonding cost and substantive cost share the same budget, neoclassical economists treat them as commensurable and, hence, transcendental and substantive preferences make up a unidimensional objective function. This treatment, however, originates the “gift anomaly”: If people easily substitute between the two genera of preferences, why do they consider the demand of payments for visiting their grandmothers—or payments for voting and sexual intercourse—as repugnant (taboo)? To solve the gift anomaly, this paper is critical of the standard economist's entry point. This paper proposes bonding and substantive costs as incommensurable and, corollary, transcendental and substantive preferences as incommensurable as well. This paper further shows how, without undermining the incommensurability thesis, the incommensurability is up to a limit: the two genera of costs and, corollary, the two genera of preferences are still linked via the income effect—as opposed to the substitution effect.","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"77 1","pages":"22-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77478296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal taxation for democracies with less than perfect voters: A public choice perspective 选民不够完美的民主国家的最佳税收：公共选择视角

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12356

Roger D. Congleton

引用次数: 0

Forever young: Relative age effects in Belgian political selection 永远年轻：比利时政治选择中的相对年龄效应

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12353

Alan Al Yussef, Bruno Heyndels, Pauline Le Boulaire

{"title":"Forever young: Relative age effects in Belgian political selection","authors":"Alan Al Yussef, Bruno Heyndels, Pauline Le Boulaire","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12353","url":null,"abstract":"Political selection is crucial for the functioning of democracy. However, the practice—in education and sports contexts—of artificially dividing school-age children into different age groups leads to a considerable bias in this selection. The probability of becoming a (successful) politician depends on individuals' relative age. Being born shortly after the cut-off date significantly increases the probability that an individual will be politically successful later in life. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find strong evidence of such relative age effect (RAE) among a large sample of Belgian federal parliamentarians over the period 1950–2019 (N = 4032), but not among municipal councillors (N = 7387), nor among municipal candidates (N = 36,740) in the 2018 election. The estimated overrepresentation of federal members of the parliament (MPs) born immediately after the cut-off date is up to 90% compared to politicians born just before the cut-off date. The overrepresentation is observed over the whole period and thus seems to be deeply rooted in the political system. We find the RAE to have a gendered dimension: The effect is driven by early-born male politicians' overrepresentation. No significant RAE was found among female politicians.","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"76 4","pages":"859-881"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50150914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Free riding on short-time work allowances? Results from an experimental survey design 免费享受短期工作津贴？实验调查设计的结果

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12354

Mario Bossler, Christopher Osiander, Julia Schmidtke, Mark Trappmann

{"title":"Free riding on short-time work allowances? Results from an experimental survey design","authors":"Mario Bossler, Christopher Osiander, Julia Schmidtke, Mark Trappmann","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12354","url":null,"abstract":"Short-time work (STW) is a policy measure whose prominence increases during economic crises and is intended to stabilize the labor market. Employers can temporarily reduce employees' working hours, which are in turn paid by the social security system in the meantime. Although short-time work—by design—saves employers a fraction of their wage costs, little is known about free riding behavior when using this option. Accordingly, we analyze the employee-reported free riding experience with respect to longer actual working hours than accounted for in employees' short-time work allowances, the unchanged workloads experienced by these employees, and announced lay-off decisions. Since these questions are certainly sensitive, we employ the crosswise model, a privacy-preserving technique, in a random half of the sample. Our results show significant employee-reported prevalences across all dimensions and a significant association between free riding and workers' job dissatisfaction. These findings thus highlight the importance of the crosswise model in uncovering these findings and demonstrate a specific drawback in the application of short-time work.","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"76 4","pages":"882-901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social determinants of citations: An empirical analysis of UK economists 引文的社会决定因素：英国经济学家的实证分析

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12352

Carlo D'Ippoliti, Lucio Gobbi, Christian A. Mongeau Ospina, Giulia Zacchia

{"title":"Social determinants of citations: An empirical analysis of UK economists","authors":"Carlo D'Ippoliti, Lucio Gobbi, Christian A. Mongeau Ospina, Giulia Zacchia","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12352","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate to what extent personal proximity and similarity in professional and political attributes, besides scientific factors, help explaining citations between economists. We do so by using a unique dataset of all academic economists based in the United Kingdom, created specifically for this study by merging RePEc data on works published in the past four decades with information collected by manually processing their curriculum vitae (CVs). We investigate directed citations within each pair of authors active in a same year, finding that social factors play an important role as predictors of citations. An author is systematically more likely to cite another economist not only if they work on similar topics, but most relevantly if they have been co-authors, faculty colleagues, alumni of the same Alma Mater, and even if they express similar political views. The implication is that citations do not signal the intrinsic quality of research outputs only, but they also capture social and professional connections. When citation counts are used to reward academics, economists have an incentive to join many and large professional communities as doing so would increase their predicted citations.","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"76 4","pages":"827-858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50125507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning from corporate governance: First conceptualization of a liability for political decision-making 从公司治理中学习：政治决策责任的首次概念化

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12351

Florian Follert

{"title":"Learning from corporate governance: First conceptualization of a liability for political decision-making","authors":"Florian Follert","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12351","url":null,"abstract":"The institution of liability serves to mitigate the lack of care in almost all areas, whether private or business. However, we have not yet found such an institution in political decision-making. Surprisingly, the literature has not discussed a specific institution that subjects political actors who fail to exercise due diligence in their decision-making regarding personal liability. Hence, this paper aims to fill this gap and derive the necessity of internalizing the negative effects resulting from the imperfections of the market for political services in general and the democratic process, particularly by a liability rule. To design the new institution, we draw on the findings of corporate governance, combining economic thinking in incentives and legal knowledge expressed in the law of the corporation. In this respect, this paper is the first to make a concrete proposal for political liability accompanied by a political judgment rule. However, it is important to emphasize that the aim is not to punish a wrong decision but to provide strong incentives to prevent it ex ante. Political liability must be understood as a process-oriented institution that considers uncertainty and decision-making complexities. By proposing and analyzing this new institution, this work contributes to a broader discussion of incentive structures in the political process of modern democracies and shows how the political sphere can learn from the corporate world.","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"76 4","pages":"809-826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is there a happy culture? Multiple paths to national subjective well-being 有快乐的文化吗？实现国民主观幸福的多种途径

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12343

Maria C. Pereira, Filipe Coelho, Graça Miranda Silva

{"title":"Is there a happy culture? Multiple paths to national subjective well-being","authors":"Maria C. Pereira, Filipe Coelho, Graça Miranda Silva","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12343","url":null,"abstract":"This study relies on a novel research approach to analyze how national income, income inequality, institutional quality, and culture combine to generate different recipes for eliciting subjective well-being (SWB). Specifically, we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, which facilitates the study of the combinations of conditions (paths) that act synergistically to achieve a certain outcome. The study uses data from over 70 countries and finds several combinations of conditions for different periods which lead equally to high SWB, as well as several configurations equally leading to low SWB. Additionally, we find that high national income, income equality, high-quality institutions, and each of the cultural dimensions are not necessary conditions for high SWB. However, high-power distance and low individualism are necessary conditions to achieve low SWB. The results for a few individual conditions are in line with previous studies, but we also determine that the effect of the remainder depends on the other conditions present in each combination. Overall, the results deliver an original and contrasting view of the factors leading to a nation's high or low SWB.","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"76 4","pages":"613-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50119174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do 2 weeks of instruction time matter? Using a natural experiment to estimate the effect of a calendar change on students' performance Do 2 几周的教学时间很重要？使用自然实验来评估日历变化对学生表现的影响

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12350

Ismael Sanz, J. D. Tena

引用次数: 0

Export intensity and its effect on women's employment 出口强度及其对妇女就业的影响

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12346

Mohammad Amin, Asif M. Islam

引用次数: 0

Between fearmongers and Samaritans: Does information provision affect attitudes towards the right of asylum in Germany? 在恐惧贩子和撒玛利亚人之间：信息的提供是否会影响德国对庇护权的态度？

IF 1.9 3区经济学

Kyklos Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12349

Bernd Hayo, Florian Neumeier

{"title":"Between fearmongers and Samaritans: Does information provision affect attitudes towards the right of asylum in Germany?","authors":"Bernd Hayo, Florian Neumeier","doi":"10.1111/kykl.12349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12349","url":null,"abstract":"We utilise data from a self-designed survey that includes information experiments to elicit the German public's attitude towards the right of asylum. The survey was carried out in 2018. We randomly assign 2048 interviewees to different groups and ‘treat’ each group with different information about the asylum seekers that came to Germany in 2015 and 2016. Treatments involve information about (i) the total number of asylum seekers, (ii) the fiscal costs and (iii) potential long-term benefits associated with accepting refugees, (iv) the share of Muslim asylum seekers and (v) the share of war refugees. Providing information about the fiscal costs associated with accepting refugees, and, to a lesser extent, about the share of Muslim refugees, significantly increases the likelihood of opposing the right of asylum. These effects are more pronounced for middle-income earners, respondents with a low level of education and female respondents. Deviations of people's beliefs from the actual numbers can affect their attitudes: Respondents who underestimated the share of Muslim refugees are more likely to call for abolishing the right of asylum.","PeriodicalId":47739,"journal":{"name":"Kyklos","volume":"76 4","pages":"749-777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/kykl.12349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50148525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0