Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science最新文献_第9页

Whether implicit attitudes exist is one question, and whether we can measure individual differences effectively is another. 内隐态度是否存在是一个问题，我们能否有效衡量个体差异是另一个问题。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1613

Chandra Sripada

{"title":"Whether implicit attitudes exist is one question, and whether we can measure individual differences effectively is another.","authors":"Chandra Sripada","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1613","url":null,"abstract":"Questions about measurement of individual differences in implicit attitudes, which have been the focus so far in this exchange, should be distinguished from more general questions about whether implicit attitudes exist and operate in our minds. Theorists frequently move too quickly from pessimistic results regarding the first set of questions to pessimistic conclusions about the second. That is, they take evidence that indirect measures such as the implicit association test (IAT) disappoint as individual difference measures and use it to (mistakenly) suggest that people do not in fact have implicit attitudes directed at stigmatized groups. In this commentary, I dissect this mistake in detail, drawing key lessons from a parallel debate that has unfolded in cognitive science about \"conflict tasks\" such as the Stroop task. I argue that the evidence overall supports a nuanced conclusion: Indirect measures such as the IAT measure individual differences in implicit attitudes poorly, but they-via distinct lines of evidence-still support the view that implicit attitudes exist. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Theory and Methods.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"e1613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/88/WCS-13-e1613.PMC9542270.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40324957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavior prediction requires implicit measures of stimulus-goal discrepancies and expected utilities of behavior options rather than of attitudes toward objects. 行为预测需要对刺激-目标差异和行为选择的预期效用的隐式测量，而不是对对象的态度。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1611

Agnes Moors, Massimo Köster

{"title":"Behavior prediction requires implicit measures of stimulus-goal discrepancies and expected utilities of behavior options rather than of attitudes toward objects.","authors":"Agnes Moors, Massimo Köster","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1611","url":null,"abstract":"Meta-analyses show low correlations between implicit attitude measures and behavior measures, suggesting that these attitude measures are weak predictors of behavior. Researchers of implicit cognition have resorted to several rescue strategies. Their most important reply, based on a traditional dual-process theory of behavior causation, is that attitudes toward objects (positive/negative) automatically activate specific action tendencies (approach/avoidance), but that this stimulus-driven process can be overruled by a nonautomatic goal-directed process in which the expected utilities of action options are weighed up. According to such a theory, it makes sense to continue measuring attitudes with implicit measures, but research should also take into account the moderating role of goals and other factors. We propose an alternative dual-process theory in which goal-directed processes can also be automatic and count as the most important cause of behavior. According to this theory, the goal-directed process responsible for action selection is further preceded by the detection of a stimulus-goal discrepancy. Based on this alternative theory, we propose to no longer measure attitudes toward objects but rather to measure (a) the magnitude of stimulus-goal discrepancies as well as (b) the expected utility of the behavior at stake, understood as the product of the values of the outcomes of the behavior, and the behavior-outcome expectancies. Here too, implicit measures are needed because people may not always have conscious access to these constructs or be motivated to disclose them. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Theory and Methods Psychology > Emotion and Motivation Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"e1611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40562692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Assessing the implicit bias research program: Comments on Brownstein, Gawronski, and Madva versus Machery. 评估内隐偏见研究项目:对Brownstein, Gawronski和Madva诉Machery的评论。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1614

Shannon Spaulding

引用次数: 0

Experiential motivation and the linguistics of sitting, standing, and lying. 经验动机和坐、站、卧的语言学。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1592

John Newman

{"title":"Experiential motivation and the linguistics of sitting, standing, and lying.","authors":"John Newman","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1592","url":null,"abstract":"The three human at-rest postures of sitting, standing, and lying are basic, recurring features of human behavior and may reasonably be called primary postures. The three postures share the property of being stable through time, but they are also differentiated in terms of their overall shape, their physiological properties, and typical associated behaviors such as the association of sitting with social interaction, and lying with sleeping. The experiential realities of the three postures underlie and motivate a range of cross-linguistic phenomena involving morphemes with meanings of \"sit\", \"stand,\" and \"lie\". The relevant linguistic phenomena include higher frequencies of occurrence compared with other kinds of posture verbs and differential behavior with respect to some morphosyntactic patterns involving notions such as agentivity. The posture morphemes can also be the source for a variety of semantic extensions reflecting experiential realities of the postures, such as the extension of \"lie\" to mean \"sleep\" in some languages. Extensions also include grammaticalizations of the posture morphemes to locative and aspectual markers which reflect the temporal stability and spatial fixedness of the postures themselves. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Cognitive Linguistics Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 4","pages":"e1592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39879924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Implications of video chat use for young children's learning and social-emotional development: Learning words, taking turns, and fostering familial relationships. 视频聊天对幼儿学习和社会情感发展的影响:学习单词、轮流和培养家庭关系。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1599

Aaron R Glick, Fauzia Saiyed, Katia Kutlesa, K. Onishi, Aparna S Nadig

{"title":"Implications of video chat use for young children's learning and social-emotional development: Learning words, taking turns, and fostering familial relationships.","authors":"Aaron R Glick, Fauzia Saiyed, Katia Kutlesa, K. Onishi, Aparna S Nadig","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1599","url":null,"abstract":"Parents of young children use video chat differently than other screen media, paralleling expert recommendations (e.g., American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media, 2016), which suggest that video chat, unlike other screen media, is acceptable for use by children under 18 months. Video chat is unique among screen media in that it permits contingent (time-sensitive and content-sensitive) social interactions. Contingent social interactions take place between a child and a partner (dyadic), with objects (triadic), and with multiple others (multi-party configurations), which critically underpin development in multiple domains. First, we review how contingent social interaction may underlie video chat's advantages in two domains: for learning (specifically learning new words) and for social-emotional development (specifically taking turns and fostering familial relationships). Second, we describe constraints on video chat use and how using chat with an active adult (co-viewing) may mitigate some of its limitations. Finally, we suggest future research directions that will clarify the potential advantages and impediments to the use of video chat by young children. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language Acquisition Psychology > Learning Cognitive Biology > Social Development.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"e1599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76510188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

It's time to do more research on the attitude-behavior relation: A commentary on implicit attitude measures. 态度与行为的关系有待进一步研究:内隐态度测量述评。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1602

Wenhao Dai, D. Albarracín

引用次数: 3

Enchrony.

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1597

N. Enfield

{"title":"Enchrony.","authors":"N. Enfield","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1597","url":null,"abstract":"What are the properties of mind that make language the way it is, and languages the way they are? To answer those questions, it is necessary to look at the causal processes by which languages become the way they are. The relevant dynamic processes take place in different causal frames, including the familiar diachronic, phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and microgenetic frames. One frame is less frequently acknowledged and yet is arguably central to cognitive-scientific explanations of language. This is the enchronic frame, which critically involves a public semiotic process (running at the time-course of milliseconds and seconds) by which each utterance serves as an interpretant of-that is, a meaningful response to-what came before it, driving the progression of social interaction, the most experience-near context of language usage. The notion of enchrony is needed for bringing together certain aspects of language that are typically handled by quite disparate conceptual and methodological approaches (e.g., lexical semantics, morphological typology, conversation analysis, sociolinguistic typology, diachronic linguistics). Situated within an integrated set of causal frames for language, enchrony provides conceptual tools for an account of language that foregrounds social cognition and interaction in a usage-based model. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Cognitive Linguistics.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e1597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81714514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The map trap: Why and how word learning research should move beyond mapping. 地图陷阱:单词学习研究为什么以及如何超越地图。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1596

Erica H Wojcik, Martin Zettersten, Viridiana L. Benitez

{"title":"The map trap: Why and how word learning research should move beyond mapping.","authors":"Erica H Wojcik, Martin Zettersten, Viridiana L. Benitez","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1596","url":null,"abstract":"A pervasive goal in the study of how children learn word meanings is to explain how young children solve the mapping problem. The mapping problem asks how language learners connect a label to its referent. Mapping is one part of word learning, however, it does not reflect other critical components of word meaning construction, such as the encoding of lexico-semantic relations and socio-pragmatic context. In this paper, we argue that word learning researchers' overemphasis of mapping has constrained our experimental paradigms and hypotheses, leading to misconceived theories and policy interventions. We first explain how the mapping focus limits our ability to study the richness and complexity of what infants and children learn about, and do with, word meanings. Then, we describe how our focus on mapping has constrained theory development. Specifically, we show how it has led to (a) the misguided emphasis on referent selection and ostensive labeling, and (b) the undervaluing of diverse pathways to word knowledge, both within and across cultures. We also review the consequences of the mapping focus outside of the lab, including myopic language learning interventions. Last, we outline an alternative, more inclusive approach to experimental study and theory construction in word learning research. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Language Psychology > Theory and Methods Psychology > Learning.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"e1596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87952403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics: Recent progress and ongoing challenges. 决策神经科学和神经经济学:最近的进展和持续的挑战。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1589

Jeffrey B Dennison, Daniel Sazhin, David V Smith

{"title":"Decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics: Recent progress and ongoing challenges.","authors":"Jeffrey B Dennison, Daniel Sazhin, David V Smith","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1589","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics have developed many new insights in the study of decision making. This review provides an overarching update on how the field has advanced in this time period. Although our initial review a decade ago outlined several theoretical, conceptual, methodological, empirical, and practical challenges, there has only been limited progress in resolving these challenges. We summarize significant trends in decision neuroscience through the lens of the challenges outlined for the field and review examples where the field has had significant, direct, and applicable impacts across economics and psychology. First, we review progress on topics including reward learning, explore-exploit decisions, risk and ambiguity, intertemporal choice, and valuation. Next, we assess the impacts of emotion, social rewards, and social context on decision making. Then, we follow up with how individual differences impact choices and new exciting developments in the prediction and neuroforecasting of future decisions. Finally, we consider how trends in decision-neuroscience research reflect progress toward resolving past challenges, discuss new and exciting applications of recent research, and identify new challenges for the field. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making Psychology > Emotion and Motivation.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 3","pages":"e1589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9124684/pdf/nihms-1773569.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9378594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proactive interference and the development of working memory. 主动干扰与工作记忆的发展。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1593

Mollie Hamilton, Ashley Ross, Erik Blaser, Zsuzsa Kaldy

{"title":"Proactive interference and the development of working memory.","authors":"Mollie Hamilton, Ashley Ross, Erik Blaser, Zsuzsa Kaldy","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1593","url":null,"abstract":"Working memory (WM), the ability to maintain information in service to a task, is characterized by its limited capacity. Several influential models attribute this limitation in a large extent to proactive interference (PI), the phenomenon that previously encoded, now-irrelevant information competes with relevant information. Here, we look back at the adult PI literature, spanning over 60 years, as well as recent results linking the ability to cope with PI to WM capacity. In early development, WM capacity is even more limited, yet an accounting for the role of PI has been lacking. Our Focus Article aims to address this through an integrative account: since PI resolution is mediated by networks involving the frontal cortex (particularly, the left inferior frontal gyrus) and the posterior parietal cortex, and since children have protracted development and less recruitment of these areas, the increase in the ability to cope with PI is a major factor underlying the increase in WM capacity in early development. Given this, we suggest that future research should focus on mechanistic studies of PI resolution in children. Finally, we note a crucial methodological implication: typical WM paradigms repeat stimuli from trial-to-trial, facilitating, inadvertently, PI and reducing performance; we may be fundamentally underestimating children's WM capacity. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory Neuroscience > Cognition Neuroscience > Development.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 3","pages":"e1593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9640215/pdf/nihms-1838093.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9378257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1