Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science最新文献_第8页

Perceiving gender while perceiving language: Integrating psycholinguistics and gender theory. 在感知语言的同时感知性别:心理语言学与性别理论的整合。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1583

Alayo Tripp, Benjamin Munson

{"title":"Perceiving gender while perceiving language: Integrating psycholinguistics and gender theory.","authors":"Alayo Tripp, Benjamin Munson","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1583","url":null,"abstract":"There is a substantial body of literature showing that men and women speak differently and that these differences are endemic to the speech signal. However, the psycholinguistic mechanisms underlying the integration of social category perception and language are still poorly understood. Speaker attributes such as emotional state, age, sex, and race have often been treated in the literature as dissociable, but perceptual systems for social categories demonstrably rely on interdependent cognitive processes. We introduce a diversity science framework for evaluating the existing literature on gender and speech perception, arguing that differences in beliefs about gender may be defined as differences in beliefs about differences. Treating individual, group, and societal level contrasts in ideological patterns as phenomenologically distinctive, we enumerate six ideological arenas which define claims about gender and examine the literature for treatment of these issues. We argue that both participants and investigators predictably show evidence of differences in ideological attitudes toward the normative definition of persons. The influence of social knowledge on linguistic perception therefore occurs in the context of predictable variation in both attention and inattention to people and the distinguishing features which mark them salient as kinds. We link experiences of visibility, invisibility, and hypervisibility with ideological variation regarding the significance of physiological, linguistic, and social features, concluding that gender ideologies are implicated both in linguistic processing and in social judgments of value between groups. We conclude with a summary of the key gaps in the current literature and recommendations for best practices studies that may use in future investigations of socially meaningful variation in speech perception. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Psychology > Language Linguistics > Language Acquisition Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"e1583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39575485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Cognitive and metacognitive, motivational, and resource considerations for learning new skills across the lifespan. 终身学习新技能的认知和元认知、动机和资源考虑。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1585

Pamela Sheffler, Tania M Rodriguez, Cecilia S Cheung, Rachel Wu

{"title":"Cognitive and metacognitive, motivational, and resource considerations for learning new skills across the lifespan.","authors":"Pamela Sheffler, Tania M Rodriguez, Cecilia S Cheung, Rachel Wu","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1585","url":null,"abstract":"Across the lifespan, learners have to tackle the challenges of learning new skills. These skills can range from abilities needed for survival, such as learning languages, learning to walk during infancy, and learning new software for a job in adulthood, to abilities related to leisure and hobbies. As the learner progresses through novice to expert stages, there are cognitive and metacognitive, motivational, and resource considerations for learning new skills. In terms of cognitive considerations, fluid and crystallized abilities as well as executive functions interact to help the learner process and retain information related to the skills. In terms of metacognitive considerations, knowing what to learn and how to learn are important for novel skill learning. In terms of motivational considerations, changes in individuals' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation throughout the lifespan impact their pursuit of novel skill learning, and declines in motivation can be buffered through the cultivation of grit, growth mindset, self-efficacy, and other personal factors. In terms of resource considerations, there are many tools that learners can use to acquire new skills, but allocation and availability of these resources differ based on life stage and socioeconomic status. Taken together, these considerations may provide learners with the best chance at acquiring new skills across the lifespan. Further research investigating these three factors, particularly among older adult learners, and their interactive effects could help increase our understanding of their impacts on skill learning and inform future cognitive interventions that can be tailored to learners' unique needs. This article is categorized under: Cognitive Biology > Cognitive Development Psychology > Development and Aging Psychology > Learning.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"e1585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39881279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Consciousness and cognition in plants. 植物的意识与认知。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1578

Miguel Segundo-Ortin, Paco Calvo

{"title":"Consciousness and cognition in plants.","authors":"Miguel Segundo-Ortin, Paco Calvo","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1578","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike animal behavior, behavior in plants is traditionally assumed to be completely determined either genetically or environmentally. Under this assumption, plants are usually considered to be noncognitive organisms. This view nonetheless clashes with a growing body of empirical research that shows that many sophisticated cognitive capabilities traditionally assumed to be exclusive to animals are exhibited by plants too. Yet, if plants can be considered cognitive, even in a minimal sense, can they also be considered conscious? Some authors defend that the quest for plant consciousness is worth pursuing, under the premise that sentience can play a role in facilitating plant's sophisticated behavior. The goal of this article is not to provide a positive argument for plant cognition and consciousness, but to invite a constructive, empirically informed debate about it. After reviewing the empirical literature concerning plant cognition, we introduce the reader to the emerging field of plant neurobiology. Research on plant electrical and chemical signaling can help shed light into the biological bases for plant sentience. To conclude, we shall present a series of approaches to scientifically investigate plant consciousness. In sum, we invite the reader to consider the idea that if consciousness boils down to some form of biological adaptation, we should not exclude a priori the possibility that plants have evolved their own phenomenal experience of the world. This article is categorized under: Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition Philosophy > Consciousness Neuroscience > Cognition.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"e1578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39447098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Rethinking the "gap": Self-directed learning in cognitive development and scientific reasoning. 重新思考“差距”:认知发展和科学推理中的自主学习。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1580

Elizabeth Lapidow, Caren M Walker

{"title":"Rethinking the \"gap\": Self-directed learning in cognitive development and scientific reasoning.","authors":"Elizabeth Lapidow, Caren M Walker","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1580","url":null,"abstract":"To improve upon their current knowledge, learners must be able to generate informative data and accurately evaluate this evidence. However, there is substantial disagreement regarding self-directed learners' competence in these behaviors. Researchers in cognitive development have suggested that learners are \"intuitive scientists,\" generating informative actions and rationally coordinating their current observations and prior beliefs from an early age. Conversely, researchers in scientific reasoning report that learners struggle with experimentation and often fail to reach appropriate conclusions from evidence, even as adults. According to the prevailing narrative, these inconsistent findings must be \"bridged\" to explain the gap between learners' successes and failures. Here, we advocate for an alternative approach. First, we review the research on scientific reasoning and find that there may be less evidence for learners' failures than is typically assumed. Second, we offer a novel interpretation that aims to account for both literatures: we suggest that self-directed learners may be best understood as competent causal reasoners. That is, many seemingly uninformative or irrational behaviors are consistent with the goals of causal learning. This account not only resolves the apparent contradictions in the existing research, but also offers a way forward towards a more accurate and integrated understanding of self-directed learning. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Development and Aging Psychology > Learning Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"e1580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39494591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Mixing memory and desire: How memory reactivation supports deliberative decision-making. 混合记忆和欲望：记忆再激活如何支持审慎决策。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1581

Shaoming Wang, Samuel F Feng, Aaron M Bornstein

{"title":"Mixing memory and desire: How memory reactivation supports deliberative decision-making.","authors":"Shaoming Wang, Samuel F Feng, Aaron M Bornstein","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1581","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wcs.1581","url":null,"abstract":"Memories affect nearly every aspect of our mental life. They allow us to both resolve uncertainty in the present and to construct plans for the future. Recently, renewed interest in the role memory plays in adaptive behavior has led to new theoretical advances and empirical observations. We review key findings, with particular emphasis on how the retrieval of many kinds of memories affects deliberative action selection. These results are interpreted in a sequential inference framework, in which reinstatements from memory serve as \"samples\" of potential action outcomes. The resulting model suggests a central role for the dynamics of memory reactivation in determining the influence of different kinds of memory in decisions. We propose that representation-specific dynamics can implement a bottom-up \"product of experts\" rule that integrates multiple sets of action-outcome predictions weighted based on their uncertainty. We close by reviewing related findings and identifying areas for further research. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making Neuroscience > Cognition Neuroscience > Computation.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"e1581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39530709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing for implicit bias: Values, psychometrics, and science communication. 内隐偏见的检验:价值观、心理测量学和科学传播。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/y5nm9

Nick Byrd, Morgan Thompson

引用次数: 1

Emotional contagion in nonhuman animals: A review. 非人类动物的情绪传染:综述。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1560

Ana Pérez-Manrique, Antoni Gomila

{"title":"Emotional contagion in nonhuman animals: A review.","authors":"Ana Pérez-Manrique, Antoni Gomila","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1560","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional contagion, the emotional state-matching of an individual with another, seems to be crucial for many social species. In recent years evidence on emotional contagion in different animal species has accumulated. However, despite its adaptative advantages and its presumed simplicity, the study and direct demonstration of this phenomenon present more complexities than previously thought. For these reasons, a review of the literature on emotional contagion in nonhuman species is timely to integrate current findings. In this paper thus, we carry out a comprehensive review of the most relevant studies on emotional contagion in animals and discuss the main problems and challenges of the field. We conclude that more research is needed to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms and functions of emotional contagion and the extent to which this process is present in a wide variety of species. Furthermore, the comparative study of emotional contagion would benefit from the use of systematized paradigms including both behavioral and physiological measures and the simultaneous recording of the responses of the interacting individuals to reliably assess an emotional state-matching between them and reliable controls. This article is categorized under: Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition Psychology > Comparative Psychology Psychology > Emotion and Motivation.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"e1560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wcs.1560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38952417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

What memory is-Not! 什么是记忆?

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1584

J M Fritzman, William A Rottschaefer

引用次数: 0

Context and attention control determine whether attending to competing information helps or hinders learning in school-aged children. 背景和注意力控制决定了对竞争信息的关注是否有助于或阻碍学龄儿童的学习。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1577

Julie Markant, Dima Amso

{"title":"Context and attention control determine whether attending to competing information helps or hinders learning in school-aged children.","authors":"Julie Markant, Dima Amso","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1577","url":null,"abstract":"Attention control regulates efficient processing of goal-relevant information by suppressing interference from irrelevant competing inputs while also flexibly allocating attention across relevant inputs according to task demands. Research has established that developing attention control skills promote effective learning by minimizing distractions from task-irrelevant competing information. Additional research also suggests that competing contextual information can provide meaningful input for learning and should not always be ignored. Instead, attending to competing information that is relevant to task goals can facilitate and broaden the scope of children's learning. We review this past research examining effects of attending to task-relevant and task-irrelevant competing information on learning outcomes, focusing on relations between visual attention and learning in childhood. We then present a synthesis argument that complex interactions across learning goals, the contexts of learning environments and tasks, and developing attention control mechanisms will determine whether attending to competing information helps or hinders learning. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Attention Psychology > Learning Psychology > Development and Aging.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"e1577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39399600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Thinking probabilistically in the study of intonational speech prosody. 语调语音韵律研究中的概率思维。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1579

Chigusa Kurumada, Timo B Roettger

{"title":"Thinking probabilistically in the study of intonational speech prosody.","authors":"Chigusa Kurumada, Timo B Roettger","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1579","url":null,"abstract":"Speech prosody, the melodic and rhythmic properties of a language, plays a critical role in our everyday communication. Researchers have identified unique patterns of prosody that segment words and phrases, highlight focal elements in a sentence, and convey holistic meanings and speech acts that interact with the information shared in context. The mapping between the sound and meaning represented in prosody is suggested to be probabilistic-the same physical instance of sounds can support multiple meanings across talkers and contexts while the same meaning can be encoded in physically distinct sound patterns (e.g., pitch movements). The current overview presents an analysis framework for probing the nature of this probabilistic relationship. Illustrated by examples from the literature and a dataset of German focus marking, we discuss the production variability within and across talkers and consider challenges that this variability imposes on the comprehension system. A better understanding of these challenges, we argue, will illuminate how the human perceptual, cognitive, and computational mechanisms may navigate the variability to arrive at a coherent understanding of speech prosody. The current paper is intended to be an introduction for those who are interested in thinking probabilistically about the sound-meaning mapping in prosody. Open questions for future research are discussed with proposals for examining prosodic production and comprehension within a comprehensive, mathematically-motivated framework of probabilistic inference under uncertainty. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Psychology > Language.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"e1579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39480220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2