Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science最新文献_第7页

Attention as a multi-level system of weights and balances. 注意力是一个多层次的重量和平衡系统。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1633

William Narhi-Martinez, Blaire Dube, Julie D Golomb

{"title":"Attention as a multi-level system of weights and balances.","authors":"William Narhi-Martinez, Blaire Dube, Julie D Golomb","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1633","url":null,"abstract":"This opinion piece is part of a collection on the topic: \"What is attention?\" Despite the word's place in the common vernacular, a satisfying definition for \"attention\" remains elusive. Part of the challenge is there exist many different types of attention, which may or may not share common mechanisms. Here we review this literature and offer an intuitive definition that draws from aspects of prior theories and models of attention but is broad enough to recognize the various types of attention and modalities it acts upon: attention as a multi-level system of weights and balances. While the specific mechanism(s) governing the weighting/balancing may vary across levels, the fundamental role of attention is to dynamically weigh and balance all signals-both externally-generated and internally-generated-such that the highest weighted signals are selected and enhanced. Top-down, bottom-up, and experience-driven factors dynamically impact this balancing, and competition occurs both within and across multiple levels of processing. This idea of a multi-level system of weights and balances is intended to incorporate both external and internal attention and capture their myriad of constantly interacting processes. We review key findings and open questions related to external attention guidance, internal attention and working memory, and broader attentional control (e.g., ongoing competition between external stimuli and internal thoughts) within the framework of this analogy. We also speculate about the implications of failures of attention in terms of weights and balances, ranging from momentary one-off errors to clinical disorders, as well as attentional development and degradation across the lifespan. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Attention Neuroscience > Cognition.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"e1633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/58/WCS-14-0.PMC9840663.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9320446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

What attention is. The priority structure account. 注意力是什么?优先级结构帐户。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1632

Sebastian Watzl

{"title":"What attention is. The priority structure account.","authors":"Sebastian Watzl","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1632","url":null,"abstract":"'Everyone knows what attention is' according to William James. Much work on attention in psychology and neuroscience cites this famous phrase only to quickly dismiss it. But James is right about this: 'attention' was not introduced into psychology and neuroscience as a theoretical concept. I argue that we should therefore study attention with broadly the same methodology that David Marr has applied to the study of perception. By focusing more on Marr's Computational Level of analysis, we arrive at a unified answer to the question of what attention is, what role it plays in the mind, and why organisms like us have that capacity. I propose a methodology for studying attention at Marr's Computational Level that optimizes in a three-dimensional space: it should capture core aspects of our first-person experience of attention, be explanatorily powerful in psychology and neuroscience, and fertile in an interdisciplinary context. I show how this methodology leads to what I call the priority structure account of attention. Attention is what organizes current information to make it more useful for the organism. We can identify it by four features. Attention, in this way, helps a cognitive system to integrate its informational state with its current motivational state. I describe how this account improves on alternatives and shows why attention is a useful concept in many disciplines and for connecting them. This article is categorized under: Philosophy > Psychological Capacities Psychology > Attention Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"e1632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/3c/WCS-14-0.PMC10078238.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9266127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

What is attention? 什么是注意力?

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1642

Wayne Wu, Anna Fischer

引用次数: 0

Stop paying attention to "attention". 停止关注“关注”。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1574

Britt Anderson

引用次数: 6

Defining attention from an auditory perspective. 从听觉的角度定义注意力。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1610

Abigail L Noyce, Jasmine A C Kwasa, Barbara G Shinn-Cunningham

引用次数: 5

The study of gesture in cognitive linguistics: How it could inform and inspire other research in cognitive science. 认知语言学中手势的研究:它如何为认知科学的其他研究提供信息和启发。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1623

Alan Cienki

{"title":"The study of gesture in cognitive linguistics: How it could inform and inspire other research in cognitive science.","authors":"Alan Cienki","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1623","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive linguists are increasingly extending their paradigm to include the study of gestures. The bottom-up, usage-based approach in cognitive linguistics has advanced the methods for identifying gesture functions, starting from a detailed analysis of gesture forms. Theoretical notions from cognitive linguistics also help explain the means by which the forms of gestures can be interpreted as meaningful functions. Principles of conceptual metonymy explain how gestures indicate referents through the partial representation of their features that are relevant in the context of use. Conceptual metaphor theory sheds light on how abstract notions can be represented in gesture via comparison with physical source domains. Furthermore, every gestural representation inherently requires the gesturing speaker to employ a specific viewpoint for their depiction-something which is normally not expressed verbally. These aspects of gesture provide insights into processes of thinking for speaking that can be exploited in various fields of cognitive science research. Referential gestures also normally combine pragmatic and interactive functions (showing stance-taking, for example) with representational or deictic functions. The multiple functions of gesture combined with those of speech raise questions for further research about how viewing-listeners interpret and combine information from the multiple semiotic systems employed by gesturing-speakers. Finally, gesture use has been shown to correlate not only with lexical concepts but also in some ways with grammatical constructions. This gives rise to fundamental questions about what constitutes the grammar of a language. Gesture analysis thus raises issues for consideration in any research in cognitive science that concerns spoken language. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Cognitive Linguistics > Linguistic Theory Psychology > Language.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 6","pages":"e1623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/f3/WCS-13-e1623.PMC9788131.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10437358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Transition to language: From agent perception to event representation. 向语言过渡：从代理感知到事件表征

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1594

Klaus Zuberbühler, Balthasar Bickel

{"title":"Transition to language: From agent perception to event representation.","authors":"Klaus Zuberbühler, Balthasar Bickel","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1594","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wcs.1594","url":null,"abstract":"Spoken language, as we have it, requires specific capacities-at its most basic advanced vocal control and complex social cognition. In humans, vocal control is the basis for speech, achieved through coordinated interactions of larynx activity and rapid changes in vocal tract configurations. Most likely, speech evolved in response to early humans perceiving reality in increasingly complex ways, to the effect that primate-like signaling became unsustainable as a sole communication device. However, in what ways did and do humans see the world in more complex ways compared to other species? Although animal signals can refer to external events, in contrast to humans, they usually refer to the agents only, sometimes in compositional ways, but never together with patients. It may be difficult for animals to comprehend events as part of larger social scripts, with antecedent causes and future consequences, which are more typically tie the patient into the event. Human brain enlargement over the last million years probably has provided the cognitive resources to represent social interactions as part of bigger social scripts, which enabled humans to go beyond an agent-focus to refer to agent-patient relations, the likely foundation for the evolution of grammar. This article is categorized under: Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition Linguistics > Evolution of Language Psychology > Comparative.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 6","pages":"e1594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9786335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10792538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From evolutionary ecosystem simulations to computational models of human behavior. 从进化生态系统模拟到人类行为的计算模型。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1622

Peter J Bentley, Soo Ling Lim

{"title":"From evolutionary ecosystem simulations to computational models of human behavior.","authors":"Peter J Bentley, Soo Ling Lim","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1622","url":null,"abstract":"We have a wide breadth of computational tools available today that enable a more ethical approach to the study of human cognition and behavior. We argue that the use of computer models to study evolving ecosystems provides a rich source of inspiration, as they enable the study of complex systems that change over time. Often employing a combination of genetic algorithms and agent-based models, these methods span theoretical approaches from games to complexification, nature-inspired methods from studies of self-replication to the evolution of eyes, and evolutionary ecosystems of humans, from entire economies to the effects of personalities in teamwork. The review of works provided here illustrates the power of evolutionary ecosystem simulations and how they enable new insights for researchers. They also demonstrate a novel methodology of hypothesis exploration: building a computational model that encapsulates a hypothesis of human cognition enables it to be tested under different conditions, with its predictions compared to real data to enable corroboration. Such computational models of human behavior provide us with virtual test labs in which unlimited experiments can be performed. This article is categorized under: Computer Science and Robotics > Artificial Intelligence.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 6","pages":"e1622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/1e/WCS-13-e1622.PMC9786238.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10445793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Experiential motivation and the linguistics of sitting, standing, and lying. 经验动机和坐、站、卧的语言学。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1592

John Newman

{"title":"Experiential motivation and the linguistics of sitting, standing, and lying.","authors":"John Newman","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1592","url":null,"abstract":"The three human at-rest postures of sitting, standing, and lying are basic, recurring features of human behavior and may reasonably be called primary postures. The three postures share the property of being stable through time, but they are also differentiated in terms of their overall shape, their physiological properties, and typical associated behaviors such as the association of sitting with social interaction, and lying with sleeping. The experiential realities of the three postures underlie and motivate a range of cross-linguistic phenomena involving morphemes with meanings of \"sit\", \"stand,\" and \"lie\". The relevant linguistic phenomena include higher frequencies of occurrence compared with other kinds of posture verbs and differential behavior with respect to some morphosyntactic patterns involving notions such as agentivity. The posture morphemes can also be the source for a variety of semantic extensions reflecting experiential realities of the postures, such as the extension of \"lie\" to mean \"sleep\" in some languages. Extensions also include grammaticalizations of the posture morphemes to locative and aspectual markers which reflect the temporal stability and spatial fixedness of the postures themselves. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Cognitive Linguistics Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 4","pages":"e1592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39879924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Implications of video chat use for young children's learning and social-emotional development: Learning words, taking turns, and fostering familial relationships. 视频聊天对幼儿学习和社会情感发展的影响:学习单词、轮流和培养家庭关系。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1599

Aaron R Glick, Fauzia Saiyed, Katia Kutlesa, K. Onishi, Aparna S Nadig

{"title":"Implications of video chat use for young children's learning and social-emotional development: Learning words, taking turns, and fostering familial relationships.","authors":"Aaron R Glick, Fauzia Saiyed, Katia Kutlesa, K. Onishi, Aparna S Nadig","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1599","url":null,"abstract":"Parents of young children use video chat differently than other screen media, paralleling expert recommendations (e.g., American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media, 2016), which suggest that video chat, unlike other screen media, is acceptable for use by children under 18 months. Video chat is unique among screen media in that it permits contingent (time-sensitive and content-sensitive) social interactions. Contingent social interactions take place between a child and a partner (dyadic), with objects (triadic), and with multiple others (multi-party configurations), which critically underpin development in multiple domains. First, we review how contingent social interaction may underlie video chat's advantages in two domains: for learning (specifically learning new words) and for social-emotional development (specifically taking turns and fostering familial relationships). Second, we describe constraints on video chat use and how using chat with an active adult (co-viewing) may mitigate some of its limitations. Finally, we suggest future research directions that will clarify the potential advantages and impediments to the use of video chat by young children. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language Acquisition Psychology > Learning Cognitive Biology > Social Development.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"e1599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76510188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3