Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science最新文献_第10页

Enhancing models of social and strategic decision making with process tracing and neural data. 利用过程跟踪和神经数据增强社会和战略决策模型。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1559

Arkady Konovalov, Christian C Ruff

{"title":"Enhancing models of social and strategic decision making with process tracing and neural data.","authors":"Arkady Konovalov, Christian C Ruff","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1559","url":null,"abstract":"Every decision we take is accompanied by a characteristic pattern of response delay, gaze position, pupil dilation, and neural activity. Nevertheless, many models of social decision making neglect the corresponding process tracing data and focus exclusively on the final choice outcome. Here, we argue that this is a mistake, as the use of process data can help to build better models of human behavior, create better experiments, and improve policy interventions. Specifically, such data allow us to unlock the \"black box\" of the decision process and evaluate the mechanisms underlying our social choices. Using these data, we can directly validate latent model variables, arbitrate between competing personal motives, and capture information processing strategies. These benefits are especially valuable in social science, where models must predict multi-faceted decisions that are taken in varying contexts and are based on many different types of information. This article is categorized under: Economics > Interactive Decision-Making Neuroscience > Cognition Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"e1559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wcs.1559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38900641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Context and attention control determine whether attending to competing information helps or hinders learning in school-aged children. 背景和注意力控制决定了对竞争信息的关注是否有助于或阻碍学龄儿童的学习。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1577

Julie Markant, Dima Amso

{"title":"Context and attention control determine whether attending to competing information helps or hinders learning in school-aged children.","authors":"Julie Markant, Dima Amso","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1577","url":null,"abstract":"Attention control regulates efficient processing of goal-relevant information by suppressing interference from irrelevant competing inputs while also flexibly allocating attention across relevant inputs according to task demands. Research has established that developing attention control skills promote effective learning by minimizing distractions from task-irrelevant competing information. Additional research also suggests that competing contextual information can provide meaningful input for learning and should not always be ignored. Instead, attending to competing information that is relevant to task goals can facilitate and broaden the scope of children's learning. We review this past research examining effects of attending to task-relevant and task-irrelevant competing information on learning outcomes, focusing on relations between visual attention and learning in childhood. We then present a synthesis argument that complex interactions across learning goals, the contexts of learning environments and tasks, and developing attention control mechanisms will determine whether attending to competing information helps or hinders learning. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Attention Psychology > Learning Psychology > Development and Aging.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"e1577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39399600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Anomalies in implicit attitudes research. 内隐态度研究中的异常现象。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1569

Edouard Machery

引用次数: 24

Thinking probabilistically in the study of intonational speech prosody. 语调语音韵律研究中的概率思维。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1579

Chigusa Kurumada, Timo B Roettger

{"title":"Thinking probabilistically in the study of intonational speech prosody.","authors":"Chigusa Kurumada, Timo B Roettger","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1579","url":null,"abstract":"Speech prosody, the melodic and rhythmic properties of a language, plays a critical role in our everyday communication. Researchers have identified unique patterns of prosody that segment words and phrases, highlight focal elements in a sentence, and convey holistic meanings and speech acts that interact with the information shared in context. The mapping between the sound and meaning represented in prosody is suggested to be probabilistic-the same physical instance of sounds can support multiple meanings across talkers and contexts while the same meaning can be encoded in physically distinct sound patterns (e.g., pitch movements). The current overview presents an analysis framework for probing the nature of this probabilistic relationship. Illustrated by examples from the literature and a dataset of German focus marking, we discuss the production variability within and across talkers and consider challenges that this variability imposes on the comprehension system. A better understanding of these challenges, we argue, will illuminate how the human perceptual, cognitive, and computational mechanisms may navigate the variability to arrive at a coherent understanding of speech prosody. The current paper is intended to be an introduction for those who are interested in thinking probabilistically about the sound-meaning mapping in prosody. Open questions for future research are discussed with proposals for examining prosodic production and comprehension within a comprehensive, mathematically-motivated framework of probabilistic inference under uncertainty. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Psychology > Language.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"e1579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39480220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Search for solutions, learning, simulation, and choice processes in suicidal behavior. 自杀行为中的寻找解决方案、学习、模拟和选择过程。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1561

Alexandre Y Dombrovski, Michael N Hallquist

{"title":"Search for solutions, learning, simulation, and choice processes in suicidal behavior.","authors":"Alexandre Y Dombrovski, Michael N Hallquist","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1561","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wcs.1561","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide may be viewed as an unfortunate outcome of failures in decision processes. Such failures occur when the demands of a crisis exceed a person's capacity to (i) search for options, (ii) learn and simulate possible futures, and (iii) make advantageous value-based choices. Can individual-level decision deficits and biases drive the progression of the suicidal crisis? Our overview of the evidence on this question is informed by clinical theory and grounded in reinforcement learning and behavioral economics. Cohort and case-control studies provide strong evidence that limited cognitive capacity and particularly impaired cognitive control are associated with suicidal behavior, imposing cognitive constraints on decision-making. We conceptualize suicidal ideation as an element of impoverished consideration sets resulting from a search for solutions under cognitive constraints and mood-congruent Pavlovian influences, a view supported by mostly indirect evidence. More compelling is the evidence of impaired learning in people with a history of suicidal behavior. We speculate that an inability to simulate alternative futures using one's model of the world may undermine alternative solutions in a suicidal crisis. The hypothesis supported by the strongest evidence is that the selection of suicide over alternatives is facilitated by a choice process undermined by randomness. Case-control studies using gambling tasks, armed bandits, and delay discounting support this claim. Future experimental studies will need to uncover real-time dynamics of choice processes in suicidal people. In summary, the decision process framework sheds light on neurocognitive mechanisms that facilitate the progression of the suicidal crisis. This article is categorized under: Economics > Individual Decision-Making Psychology > Emotion and Motivation Psychology > Learning Neuroscience > Behavior.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"e1561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/e2/WCS-13-0.PMC9285563.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39009386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How we decide what to eat: Toward an interdisciplinary model of gut-brain interactions. 我们如何决定吃什么？建立肠道与大脑互动的跨学科模型。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-11 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1562

Hilke Plassmann, Daniela Stephanie Schelski, Marie-Christine Simon, Leonie Koban

{"title":"How we decide what to eat: Toward an interdisciplinary model of gut-brain interactions.","authors":"Hilke Plassmann, Daniela Stephanie Schelski, Marie-Christine Simon, Leonie Koban","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wcs.1562","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday dietary decisions have important short-term and long-term consequences for health and well-being. How do we decide what to eat, and what physiological and neurobiological systems are involved in those decisions? Here, we integrate findings from thus-far separate literatures: (a) the cognitive neuroscience of dietary decision-making, and (b) growing evidence of gut-brain interactions and especially influences of the gut microbiome on diet and health outcomes. We review findings that suggest that dietary decisions and food consumption influence nutrient sensing, homeostatic signaling in the gut, and the composition of the gut microbiome. In turn, the microbiome can influence host health and behavior. Through reward signaling pathways, the microbiome could potentially affect food and drink decisions. Such bidirectional links between gut microbiome and the brain systems underlying dietary decision-making may lead to self-reinforcing feedback loops that determine long-term dietary patterns, body mass, and health outcomes. This article is categorized under: Economics > Individual Decision-Making Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"e1562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3f/7a/WCS-13-0.PMC9286667.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38972762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurocomputational models of altruistic decision-making and social motives: Advances, pitfalls, and future directions. 利他决策和社会动机的神经计算模型:进展、陷阱和未来方向。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1571

Anita Tusche, Lisa M Bas

{"title":"Neurocomputational models of altruistic decision-making and social motives: Advances, pitfalls, and future directions.","authors":"Anita Tusche, Lisa M Bas","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1571","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses insights from computational models and social neuroscience into motivations, precursors, and mechanisms of altruistic decision-making and other-regard. We introduce theoretical and methodological tools for researchers who wish to adopt a multilevel, computational approach to study behaviors that promote others' welfare. Using examples from recent studies, we outline multiple mental and neural processes relevant to altruism. To this end, we integrate evidence from neuroimaging, psychology, economics, and formalized mathematical models. We introduce basic mechanisms-pertinent to a broad range of value-based decisions-and social emotions and cognitions commonly recruited when our decisions involve other people. Regarding the latter, we discuss how decomposing distinct facets of social processes can advance altruistic models and the development of novel, targeted interventions. We propose that an accelerated synthesis of computational approaches and social neuroscience represents a critical step towards a more comprehensive understanding of altruistic decision-making. We discuss the utility of this approach to study lifespan differences in social preference in late adulthood, a crucial future direction in aging global populations. Finally, we review potential pitfalls and recommendations for researchers interested in applying a computational approach to their research. This article is categorized under: Economics > Interactive Decision-Making Psychology > Emotion and Motivation Neuroscience > Cognition Economics > Individual Decision-Making.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"e1571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/58/WCS-12-0.PMC9286344.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39269296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The effects of repeating false and misleading information on belief. 重复错误和误导性信息对信念的影响。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1573

Raunak M Pillai, Lisa K Fazio

{"title":"The effects of repeating false and misleading information on belief.","authors":"Raunak M Pillai, Lisa K Fazio","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1573","url":null,"abstract":"False and misleading information is readily accessible in people's environments, oftentimes reaching people repeatedly. This repeated exposure can significantly affect people's beliefs about the world, as has been noted by scholars in political science, communication, and cognitive, developmental, and social psychology. In particular, repetition increases belief in false information, even when the misinformation contradicts prior knowledge. We review work across these disciplines, identifying factors that may heighten, diminish, or have no impact on these adverse effects of repetition on belief. Specifically, we organize our discussion around variations in what information is repeated, to whom the information is repeated, how people interact with this repetition, and how people's beliefs are measured. A key cross-disciplinary theme is that the most influential factor is how carefully or critically people process the false information. However, several open questions remain when comparing findings across different fields and approaches. We conclude by noting a need for more interdisciplinary work to help resolve these questions, as well as a need for more work in naturalistic settings so that we can better understand and combat the effects of repeated circulation of false and misleading information in society. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"e1573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wcs.1573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39336079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

It takes two (or more): The social nature of secrets. 这需要两点(或更多):秘密的社交性质。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1576

Alisa Bedrov, Shelly Gable, Zoe Liberman

{"title":"It takes two (or more): The social nature of secrets.","authors":"Alisa Bedrov, Shelly Gable, Zoe Liberman","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1576","url":null,"abstract":"The lion's share of research on secrecy focuses on how deciding to keep or share a secret impacts a secret-keeper's well-being. However, secrets always involve more than one person: the secret-keeper and those from whom the secret is kept or shared with. Although secrets are inherently social, their consequences for people's reputations and social relationships have been relatively ignored. Secrets serve a variety of social functions, including (1) changing or maintaining one's reputation, (2) conveying social utility, and (3) establishing friendship. For example, if Beth has a secret about a past misdemeanor, she might not tell any of her friends in order to maintain her reputation as an outstanding citizen. If Beth does share this secret with her friend Amy, Amy could interpret this as a sign of trust and think that their friendship is special. However, Amy could also choose to share Beth's secret with the rest of the friend group to show that she is a useful member with access to valuable information about others. Attention to these social functions of secrets emerges from a young age, and secrets play a prominent role in human relationships throughout the lifespan. After providing an overview of what is currently known about the relational consequences of secrecy in childhood and adulthood, we discuss how social and developmental psychologists could work together to broaden our understanding of the sociality of secrets. Future steps include incorporating more dyadic and social network analyses into research on secrets and looking at similar questions across ages. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"e1576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39366752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Eliciting forgiveness. 诱发宽恕。

IF 3.9 2区心理学

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1572

Meltem Yucel, Amrisha Vaish

{"title":"Eliciting forgiveness.","authors":"Meltem Yucel, Amrisha Vaish","doi":"10.1002/wcs.1572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1572","url":null,"abstract":"When we commit transgressions, we need to be forgiven to restore our friendships and social standing. Two main ways we can elicit forgiveness is through asking for forgiveness after committing a transgression (i.e., retrospective elicitors) or before committing a transgression (i.e., prospective elicitors). Research on retrospective elicitors with adults and children indicates that apologizing or showing remorse elicits forgiveness from both victims and bystanders, and sheds light on the nuances of such elicitors and their functions. Far less is known about how adults and children respond to prospective elicitors of forgiveness, such as disclaimers (statements that prepare the listener for a transgression or a failure of character or performance, e.g., \"I don't mean to be rude but…\"), and how the functions and effectiveness of prospective elicitors compare to those of retrospective elicitors. Furthermore, much less is known about the additive effects of using both retrospective and prospective elicitors of forgiveness. A better understanding of how and when forgiveness is elicited in childhood and through adulthood promises to shed light on human sociality and cooperativeness. This article is categorized under: Cognitive Biology > Social Development Psychology > Emotion and Motivation Cognitive Biology > Cognitive Development.","PeriodicalId":47720,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science","volume":"12 6","pages":"e1572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wcs.1572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4