Planning Theory & Practice最新文献

{"title":"School-Centered Community Development and a Quest for Spatial Justice: Exploring Competing Theories of Action in Baltimore","authors":"Ariel H. Bierbaum, Alisha Butler, Erin O'Keefe","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2113556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2113556","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The role of public education and schools in the struggle for spatial justice is underappreciated because school and neighborhood improvement have largely been viewed as distinct processes. This article builds a conceptual and empirical argument to explore the intersections of spatial and educational justice specifically in community development practice. We draw on qualitative data collected from a study of Baltimore’s twenty-first Century School Buildings Program and center meso-level actors – city agencies and the school district – to analyze how divergent theories of action that undergird community development can challenge cross-section implementation and coordination. We also reflect on potential pathways to align and integrate schools into community development practice. Our analysis contributes to understanding across disciplines by incorporating schools in the constellation of actors in community development practice, and in doing so augments foundational theories of urban justice and community development.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"556 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48557833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structural Challenge of Power and Whiteness in Planning: Evidence From Historic Black Cemetery Restoration","authors":"M. Gough, Kathryn L. Howell, Hannah Cameron","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2113557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2113557","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Historic Black cemeteries in the United States have been preserved and repaired by a range of philanthropic, community and government agencies. These efforts are fraught with disagreement over how to preserve sacred places. We consider the roles of white planners and organizations in Black spaces through a case examination of a cemetery restoration planning process. We engage questions of process and power to understand how outcomes-based approaches rationalize the reproduction of power relationships and the invisibility of whiteness. We find that limited engagement, inappropriate conceptual framing, and resistance to power sharing compromised the potential of Black power in Black spaces.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"536 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42166531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doing Planning Differently: Affective Politics and Atmospheric Engineering in Experimental Deliberative Bubbles","authors":"J. Metzger, Kristina Tamm-Hallström","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2075029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2075029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Procedural planning experiments often attempt to influence how planning actors think through producing physical and social environments that affect how they feel. In this paper such experiments are conceptualized as attempts at generating atmospheric “bubbles” through the engineering of affective atmospheres. Our empirical examples show that purposeful affective engineering is very difficult to achieve – and one cannot expect that their eventual outcomes can be predicted on the basis of the ambitions that underpin them. Therefore, it is crucial to remain attentive to questions concerning the variegated, distributed and often unexpected effects of such endeavors.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"518 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46864600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repair and Healing in Planning","authors":"Courtney Knapp, Jocelyn Poe, J. Forester","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2082710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2082710","url":null,"abstract":"Repair and healing pose central problems for planning – socially, economically, and environmentally. If we are to acknowledge and atone for histories of racialized and gendered violence, exploitation and neglect in our communities, we must do better to create healthy conditions for enduring kinship, solidarity, and mutuality. This collection of Interface essays presents critical, practice-oriented cases that address the reparative or healing potentials of planning practices. Each essay not only suggests our fi eld ’ s potential to be a repairing force, but it also addresses the wicked challenges that can accom-pany such a transformative reorientation. Our contributors explore reparative planning ethics in practice, not abstractly wrestling with the conceptual distinctions of rights and obligations and duties, but speci fi cally engaging the work of (re)creating and sustaining social and political relationships, addressing community traumas and mistrust, and building mutuality across difference. both historically rooted and future-oriented, to ask through cases: where have we come from, and how we collectively create better futures? As we structural as both staged and emotionally compelling. In our own work, our struggles shadows white supremacy racism Poe, In this essay, I relate the story of a community engagement initiative launched by the City of Albuquerque (City) to ensure that redevelopment of the Albuquerque Railyards (Railyards) will be equitable and bene fi cial to their adjacent neighborhoods of Barelas and South Broadway. Since 1993 I have worked with these neighborhoods on issues of affordable housing advocacy, anti-racism activism, program evaluation and CED research and practice. My experience as a facilitator in the Railyards project led me to see more clearly diverse relationships that these neighborhoods have negotiated over years, so I see new challenges to ensure that facilitation processes do not undermine their own redevelopment and reparative processes. This 2019 process has shown me profound differences between South Broadway and Barelas concerning their racialized histories, philosophies of redevelopment, and strategic priorities and alliances with governmental, non-pro fi t and fi nancial institutions. Their institutional and organizational structures and alliances differ; their requirements for Railyard redevelopment also differ. Built South residents and both Railyard and Railyard 1969). When Rail Yard both neighborhoods suffered devastating economic consequences. Both neighborhoods have responded to loss drawing on historically constructed identities to recover from loss, even as demographics in both neighborhoods have shifted. Increasingly, therapeutic planning literature has been exploring trauma-informed approaches that recognize and acknowledge community traumas or stressors as fundamental to designing sensitive, responsive, appropriate solutions. But trauma-informed work often addresses individuals ’ management of trau","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"425 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43068195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning for a Just Energy Transition: If Not Now, When?","authors":"Mark Scott","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2082711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2082711","url":null,"abstract":"This year saw the publication of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) 6th comprehensive assessment of climate change, including the third and final section, published in April 2022, outlining the urgency of transitioning to a zero carbon society (IPCC, 2022). At current projections, it is increasingly likely that global warming during the twenty-first Century will exceed the 1.5 C limit established at successive UN COP Climate Conventions. Indeed, limiting warming to less that 2 C relies on the rapid acceleration of mitigation efforts. Greenhouse gas emissions must peak by 2025 and should be almost halved this decade to provide a pathway to limiting heating to 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels. However, rather than a rapid acceleration of mitigation, the IPCC assessment notes that projected cumulative future CO2 emissions over the lifetime of existing and currently planned fossil fuel infrastructure, without additional abatement, will exceed the total cumulative net CO2 emissions that limit warming to 1.5 C. In stark summary, without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors, limiting global warming to 1.5 C is beyond reach. With understatement, the IPCC review highlights the challenge of overcoming the implementation gap between agreed greenhouse gas emission targets and projected higher global emissions. Issues of energy security are high on political agendas for other reasons too, not least the Russian invasion of Ukraine earlier this year. In developing political and economic sanctions “the west” has been hampered by its reliance on Russian gas and oil imports. European Union member states, for example, are dependent on Russia for 40% of their gas, with Germany particularly exposed at 60%. Russia also accounts for 27% of oil imports and 46% of coal imports to the European Union. In March, the European Commission announced plans to make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels before 2030, with a two-thirds reduction by the end of 2022 (EC, 2022). Between continued climate change warnings and shifting geopolitical tensions, the case for a rapid transition to clean and green energy and for measures that reduce energy demand have never been clearer or more urgent. In relation to the energy questions posed by the war in Ukraine, while renewable energy is part of the mix of options, other political imperatives are also at play, particularly in relation to rapidly rising energy and fuel prices, which are having knock-on impacts on cost of living concerns. For politicians, this creates short term crises that lead to short term – and from a climate perspective – suboptimal responses that create longer term fossil fuel dependence. For example, as reported in The Guardian (Harvey, 2022), the US is seeking to expand imports of oil from countries previously shunned, such as Venezuela, while domestic oil and gas production from fracking is to be expanded. The UK has also sought alternative oil supply options, encoura","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"321 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46721286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenge of the Digital Public Sphere: Finnish Experiences of the Role of Social Media in Participatory Planning","authors":"H. Mattila, P. Nummi","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2074527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2074527","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we examine social media-based participation and public deliberation in land-use planning. We use the Deweyan theory of the public, the Habermasian theory of the public sphere, and the recent theories of the digital public sphere as our framework, asking what should be the relation of public planners to the digital public sphere: should they try to manage self-organising participation, or should public opinion formation be free from the influence of public authorities? The empirical part of the study reflects on this question by investigating Finnish planners’ experiences of the role of social media in planning in the light of two recent surveys.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"406 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48396502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning, Pluralism, Markets: Experiences from Post-Socialist Varna","authors":"Aleksandar D. Slaev, S. Hirt","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2061774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2061774","url":null,"abstract":"How to plan for urban development in pluralistic societies, where the interests of diverse social groups inevitably collide? This is one of the most fundamental and dif fi cult questions that planning theory has sought to address over many decades. A de fi nitive answer may never emerge, but in this re fl ective piece we argue that the last few decades of planning in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) offer especially instructive lessons on the topic. Once the global center of authoritarian state socialism and the command economy, CEE societies have been transitioning into pluralist democracies for thirty years. This transition penetrated all areas of social life: polit-ics, economics, culture, as well as urban and regional development (Stanilov, 2007; Tsenkova & Nedovic-Budic, 2006). Centralized planning, which guided CEE ’ s development through the post-WW2 decades, was immediately abandoned after the “ velvet revolutions ” of 1989. Furthermore, socialist planning gave all planning a bad name (Daskalova & Slaev, 2015; Hirt, 2005; Nedovic-Budic, 2001) and in the 1990s, most cities in CEE ceased to engage in planning altogether (Hirt & Stanilov, 2009). In Bulgaria, the country we use as our example, not a single major city adopted a new master plan between 1989 and 2003. The idea that planning is a negative socialist legacy began to fade away in the early 2000s. An important factor in planning ’ s cautious revival since then has been the accession of several CEE countries to the European Union, as new member states were expected to adopt basic EU planning principles (Anderson et al., 2012). CEE cities may be especially revealing cases in how planning could and should (not) work. In the last decades of the 20th century, these cities moved from one extreme to the other: from being highly and only centrally planned in the 1980s to being market-driven and not planned in the 1990s. Neither of these we worked very well,","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"461 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48379088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whose Knowledge Counts in the Planning of Urban Sustainability? – Investigating Handbooks for Nudging and Participation","authors":"M. Westin, S. Joosse","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2055118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2055118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When planning sustainable districts, planners mediate between the knowledge claims of citizens and experts. The planning strategies nudging and participation provide contradictory ideas about how planners can perform this mediation. We analyse handbooks for the two strategies, guided by the question: whose knowledge counts? These handbooks provide citizens, experts and planners with varying degrees of authority. While nudging positions behavioural experts as holding authority, and citizens are central in participation, planners feature in the background in both strategies. We show how these seemingly apolitical strategies are actually value-laden. Implementing them literally will undermine planning for urban sustainability.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"388 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46201710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promotion of Sustainable Development Principles Through the Design Review Process. The Case of the Cambridgeshire Quality Panel","authors":"N. Morrison, Lidija Honegger","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2050282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2050282","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The quest to deliver sustainable development has led to a search for ways to engage all stakeholders in this collective endeavour. Currently, local planners across England and elsewhere use independent design review panels to help raise the design quality of new developments. This paper examines the extent to which such panels can instill the need to adhere to sustainable development principles. We focus on the Cambridgeshire Quality Panel, which has framed its review process around sustainable development principles, named the “4 Cs”: community, connectivity, climate, and character. Situating the panel’s work within a design governance framework, we scrutinise the value and limitations of this particular governance tool. We conclude that local planners’ ability to take forward the panel’s recommendations on delivering new developments to high sustainability standards remains problematic, compromised by national priorities and market decisions.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"329 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47786358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Israeli Real-Estate Buzz – Planning Discourse and Media Coverage","authors":"Talia Margalit","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2051593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2051593","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes the news coverage of a nationwide Israeli plan, TAMA38. Previous studies have shown that the media support market and state power. I ask whether they can democratize planning communications and improve the representation of ordinary people. Using critical discourse analysis, I compare the media coverage to the planning system’s discourses, demonstrating that the media represented more people but were less critical of the plan. I discuss the plan and the coverage as part of actually existing neoliberalism and argue that planners should challenge the media and include the people and matters that it tends to ignore.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"349 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48775349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}