Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献

{"title":"Study protocol and stakeholder perceptions of a randomized controlled trial of a co-response police-mental health team","authors":"Katie Bailey, Meret Hofer, Emily Sightes, Evan Marie Lowder, Eric Grommon, Bradley Ray","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09598-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09598-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Describe the development, results, and stakeholder perceptions of randomization procedures for determining outcomes of a co-response police-mental health team.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We present randomization results using the CONSORT diagram and report on three semi-structured focus groups with eight co-response team members, including police officers, mental health clinicians, and program leaders.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Study procedures resulted in randomization of 686 co-response team-eligible calls for service to either receive a co-response team (treatment group, <i>n</i> = 376) or police-as-usual response (control group, <i>n</i> = 310). Focus groups revealed lessons for randomization of a co-response team, including the importance of the researcher-practitioner partnership, considerations for study site selection and staffing, and suggestions to proactively address ethical concerns of randomizing calls for service.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Rigorous evaluation of alternative policing programs is possible through randomization at the call-for-service level, provided researchers and program stakeholders work together to determine feasible procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of gunshot detection technology on evidence collection and case clearance in Kansas City, Missouri","authors":"Eric L. Piza, Rachael A. Arietti, Jeremy G. Carter, George O. Mohler","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09594-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09594-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study tests whether (1) shots fired calls for service in the gunshot detection technology (GDT) target area are more likely to be classified as unfounded; (2) police responses to shootings in the GDT target area are more likely to recover ballistic evidence or firearms; and (3) shootings in the GDT target area are more likely to be cleared.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Entropy balancing created a weighted control group that equaled the treatment group across a range of covariates. GDT effect was tested through logistic regression models with entropy balancing weights set as probability weights.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Shots fired occurring in the GDT target area were 15% more likely to be classified as unfounded compared to control cases. GDT did not significantly influence the likelihood of evidence collection or case clearance in shooting incidents.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>GDT may not add investigative value to police responses to shooting incidents and may increase patrol workload.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91398490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it Black and White? Testing racial framing effects of public reactions to newspaper vignettes of fatal officer-involved shootings","authors":"John C. Navarro, Michael A. Hansen","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09588-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09588-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To investigate how race shapes public perceptions of a fatal officer-involved shooting of an armed male citizen depicted in a scenario without racial identifiers, intraracial, and interracial.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We distributed an online survey whereby respondents indicated justification, measured by four questions about the fatal officer-involved shooting, after being randomly assigned to three conditions that differed by the racial composition of the officer and armed male citizen. The control condition omitted racial identifiers, and two conditions depicted an interracial and intraracial deadly encounter between a White officer and a White or Black citizen.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>White and non-White respondents similarly perceived the intraracial shooting, but White respondents perceived the control condition and the interracial shooting as more justified than non-White respondents.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>An identical news article of a fatal officer-involved shooting can be perceived differently when altering the race of the officer and armed male citizen.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72365725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sentencing young adults with juvenile sanctions in The Netherlands: increasing risk or no differences on the chance of recidivism","authors":"Lise J. C. Prop, André M. van der Laan, Marinus G. C. J. Beerthuizen, Charlotte S. Barendregt, Chijs van Nieuwenhuizen","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09593-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09593-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>In the Netherlands, adolescent criminal law makes it is possible to sentence young adult offenders with juvenile sanctions. This study examines the effectiveness of juvenile sanctions for young adults on recidivism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A quasi-experimental design with judicial observational data and matched control groups was used. The effects were tested for a composition of juvenile sanctions and a subsample with unconditional juvenile detention. Cox survival analyses and negative binomial regression analyses were used to examine the effects of juvenile sanctions on recidivism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Young adults sentenced with a composition of juvenile sanctions have a significantly higher chance of (serious) recidivism for both prevalence and frequency compared to young adults sentenced with adult sanctions. For young adults in juvenile or adult detention, the chance of recidivism and recidivism frequencies are comparable.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study underlines the importance of adhering to what works principles during the implementation of a significant policy measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71524315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wait for backup or not? How police officers view their role when responding to an active shooter event","authors":"M. Hunter Martaindale, William L. Sandel, J. Pete Blair","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09592-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09592-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Test whether current law enforcement officers believe that they should immediately enter an active shooter scene before waiting on additional officers.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Quasi-experimental vignette design with random assignment to 10 vignettes from a universe of 324. The sample consisted of 796 current law enforcement officers from 43 states, which responded to a total of 7394 vignettes. This report utilized a mixed effects logistic model to assess the appropriateness of the hypothetical officer’s actions in responding to an active shooter event.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Respondents were between 14 and 80 times more likely to agree with the hypothetical officer’s decision to immediately enter an active shooter scene when a driving force was present (i.e., ongoing gunfire or injured victims). This agreement varied across models as we explore different interaction effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Law enforcement agree with the public sentiment that officers should immediately enter active shooter locations if there is an ongoing threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"114 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment on camera perspective bias in videos of police-citizen encounters","authors":"Jimin Pyo, Nerea Marteache, Michael G. Maxfield","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09591-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09591-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study tested camera perspective bias in evaluating a video-recorded police and citizen interaction.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using professional actors, a simulated police-citizen traffic stop was recorded from three camera perspectives – police, citizen, and bystander. A sample of 830 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk viewed one of the three randomly assigned videos before rating police behavior and legitimacy during the encounter.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found no evidence of the effects of camera perspective on how individuals evaluated a police traffic stop. Higher pre-test perceived police legitimacy was associated with more positive perceptions of police behavior and legitimacy during the encounter.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights the role of general perceptions of police legitimacy in evaluating a video-recorded police-citizen encounter. Possible explanations for the lack of camera perspective bias, as well as potential research uses of custom-recorded videos, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"114 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of police uniforms in changing views of police legitimacy and driving intentions among young people: an experimental trial","authors":"Levi Anderson, Lyndel Bates, Lacey Schaefer","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09586-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09586-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to determine if young people’s views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend are affected by the delivery of a road safety program by uniformed police officers (control) compared with plain clothes police officers (experimental). The study further explores the direct correlation between views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend as well as the impact of uniforms, mediated by views of police legitimacy, on intentions to offend.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Participants in this study were grade 12 students (<i>n</i> = 380) from private (fee-paying) high schools located in Queensland, Australia. Participants were surveyed following their involvement in a police road safety program. <i>t</i>-Tests, correlation, and mediation analyses were conducted to determine the impact of police uniforms and views of police legitimacy on intentions to offend.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results of this study demonstrate that delivery of the program by uniformed police officers had a significantly greater positive impact on the views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend compared with delivery by plain-clothed officers. The study also demonstrates a significant correlation between views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend, as well as a mediated model including views of police legitimacy that explains more variance in intentions to offend when mediated by views of police legitimacy.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrates that views of police legitimacy, as well as intentions to offend, are more positively impacted when an educational course is facilitated by uniformed police officers. The mediation analysis demonstrates that uniforms impact views of police legitimacy and these views significantly affect intentions to offend. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between police uniforms, views of police legitimacy, and offending and may inform future research and policy decisions in the area of policing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should police officers who use force against peaceful protesters be punished? A national experiment","authors":"Andrew J. Thompson, Christi Metcalfe, Justin T. Pickett","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09589-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09589-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>In a period of mass protest, police use of force against protesters regularly makes headlines across the country. Our study contributes to the literature on public opinion about protest policing by examining support for punishing officers who use force against peaceful protesters.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used a factorial survey experiment administered by YouGov (<i>N</i> = 1000), wherein an officer used force against a peaceful protester. We randomized the type of force, the protest goal, and protester characteristics (race, sex, and age)—factors relevant to theories of retributive intuitions (just-deserts) and group threat. We also included political beliefs and racial resentment as observational predictors. Respondents rated the moral acceptability of force and the officer’s deservingness of punishment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Respondents evaluated the use of force against peaceful protesters as morally wrong and deserving of punishment. Except for protester age, the experimental manipulations did not affect evaluations of police use of force. However, there was a sizable political divide in use-of-force evaluations, which was mediated by racial animus.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>When it comes to public evaluations of police behavior toward peaceful protesters, what matters more than situational details (e.g., protest goals, protester demographics) is the evaluators’ political and racial attitudes. Americans on the political right are less willing to punish police misbehavior because they are more racially resentful.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterrent effects of sanction severity and the role of procedural justice in prison: a preregistered randomized vignette experiment","authors":"Franziska M. Yasrebi-de Kom, Anja J. E. Dirkzwager, Peter H. van der Laan, Paul Nieuwbeerta","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09585-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09585-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study tests deterrence theory and procedural justice theory in prisons. Severe sanctions in prisons may deter detainees from misconduct. Recent research suggests that this deterrent effect may only occur if individuals are treated procedurally just by prison staff.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using an experimental vignette scenario design (<i>N</i> = 313 detainees and ex-detainees) we manipulated sanction severity and procedural justice across conditions testing the main and interaction effects of sanction severity and procedural justice on misconduct intentions (outcome measure 1) and compliance intentions (outcome measure 2). Also, we tested potential mediation pathways from sanction severity on these outcomes and the role of procedural justice therein.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Individuals reported lower intentions to comply in the severe as opposed to the mild sanction condition (η2 = .03). There was no significant main effect of procedural justice on misconduct and compliance intentions. The effect of sanction severity did not depend on procedural justice. Additionally, the effect of sanction severity on misconduct and compliance intentions was mediated by the moral devaluation of authorities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The present findings underscore the potential disadvantages of severely sanctioning in prison settings. Severe sanctions may backfire and decrease compliance intentions with institutional rules and staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marijuana legalization and racial disparities in prison incarceration in Colorado and Washington State: a quasi-experimental study","authors":"Guangzhen Wu, Katherine A. Durante, Heather C. Melton, Ariel L. Roddy","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09590-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09590-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study examines the impact of recreational marijuana legalization on Black-White disparities in overall prison incarceration and drug-related prison incarceration in Colorado (CO) and Washington State (WA).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We employ a quasi-experimental research design via a matching approach using the synthetic control method (SCM) as well as the difference-in-differences (DiD) method, using data from the National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) and the U.S. Census Bureau’s state population estimates from 2006 to 2018.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our findings suggest that recreational marijuana legalization in these two legalized states is not associated with sizable and significant decreases in Black-White disparities in overall prison incarceration rates or drug-related prison incarceration rates over the post-legalization period, relative to the nonlegalized states.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Recreational marijuana in CO and WA has had a limited impact on lessening racial inequality in imprisonment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}