Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献

{"title":"Sentencing young adults with juvenile sanctions in The Netherlands: increasing risk or no differences on the chance of recidivism","authors":"Lise J. C. Prop, André M. van der Laan, Marinus G. C. J. Beerthuizen, Charlotte S. Barendregt, Chijs van Nieuwenhuizen","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09593-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09593-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>In the Netherlands, adolescent criminal law makes it is possible to sentence young adult offenders with juvenile sanctions. This study examines the effectiveness of juvenile sanctions for young adults on recidivism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A quasi-experimental design with judicial observational data and matched control groups was used. The effects were tested for a composition of juvenile sanctions and a subsample with unconditional juvenile detention. Cox survival analyses and negative binomial regression analyses were used to examine the effects of juvenile sanctions on recidivism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Young adults sentenced with a composition of juvenile sanctions have a significantly higher chance of (serious) recidivism for both prevalence and frequency compared to young adults sentenced with adult sanctions. For young adults in juvenile or adult detention, the chance of recidivism and recidivism frequencies are comparable.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study underlines the importance of adhering to what works principles during the implementation of a significant policy measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71524315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wait for backup or not? How police officers view their role when responding to an active shooter event","authors":"M. Hunter Martaindale, William L. Sandel, J. Pete Blair","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09592-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09592-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Test whether current law enforcement officers believe that they should immediately enter an active shooter scene before waiting on additional officers.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Quasi-experimental vignette design with random assignment to 10 vignettes from a universe of 324. The sample consisted of 796 current law enforcement officers from 43 states, which responded to a total of 7394 vignettes. This report utilized a mixed effects logistic model to assess the appropriateness of the hypothetical officer’s actions in responding to an active shooter event.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Respondents were between 14 and 80 times more likely to agree with the hypothetical officer’s decision to immediately enter an active shooter scene when a driving force was present (i.e., ongoing gunfire or injured victims). This agreement varied across models as we explore different interaction effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Law enforcement agree with the public sentiment that officers should immediately enter active shooter locations if there is an ongoing threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"114 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment on camera perspective bias in videos of police-citizen encounters","authors":"Jimin Pyo, Nerea Marteache, Michael G. Maxfield","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09591-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09591-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study tested camera perspective bias in evaluating a video-recorded police and citizen interaction.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using professional actors, a simulated police-citizen traffic stop was recorded from three camera perspectives – police, citizen, and bystander. A sample of 830 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk viewed one of the three randomly assigned videos before rating police behavior and legitimacy during the encounter.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found no evidence of the effects of camera perspective on how individuals evaluated a police traffic stop. Higher pre-test perceived police legitimacy was associated with more positive perceptions of police behavior and legitimacy during the encounter.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights the role of general perceptions of police legitimacy in evaluating a video-recorded police-citizen encounter. Possible explanations for the lack of camera perspective bias, as well as potential research uses of custom-recorded videos, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"114 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of police uniforms in changing views of police legitimacy and driving intentions among young people: an experimental trial","authors":"Levi Anderson, Lyndel Bates, Lacey Schaefer","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09586-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09586-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to determine if young people’s views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend are affected by the delivery of a road safety program by uniformed police officers (control) compared with plain clothes police officers (experimental). The study further explores the direct correlation between views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend as well as the impact of uniforms, mediated by views of police legitimacy, on intentions to offend.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Participants in this study were grade 12 students (<i>n</i> = 380) from private (fee-paying) high schools located in Queensland, Australia. Participants were surveyed following their involvement in a police road safety program. <i>t</i>-Tests, correlation, and mediation analyses were conducted to determine the impact of police uniforms and views of police legitimacy on intentions to offend.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results of this study demonstrate that delivery of the program by uniformed police officers had a significantly greater positive impact on the views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend compared with delivery by plain-clothed officers. The study also demonstrates a significant correlation between views of police legitimacy and intentions to offend, as well as a mediated model including views of police legitimacy that explains more variance in intentions to offend when mediated by views of police legitimacy.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrates that views of police legitimacy, as well as intentions to offend, are more positively impacted when an educational course is facilitated by uniformed police officers. The mediation analysis demonstrates that uniforms impact views of police legitimacy and these views significantly affect intentions to offend. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between police uniforms, views of police legitimacy, and offending and may inform future research and policy decisions in the area of policing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should police officers who use force against peaceful protesters be punished? A national experiment","authors":"Andrew J. Thompson, Christi Metcalfe, Justin T. Pickett","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09589-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09589-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>In a period of mass protest, police use of force against protesters regularly makes headlines across the country. Our study contributes to the literature on public opinion about protest policing by examining support for punishing officers who use force against peaceful protesters.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used a factorial survey experiment administered by YouGov (<i>N</i> = 1000), wherein an officer used force against a peaceful protester. We randomized the type of force, the protest goal, and protester characteristics (race, sex, and age)—factors relevant to theories of retributive intuitions (just-deserts) and group threat. We also included political beliefs and racial resentment as observational predictors. Respondents rated the moral acceptability of force and the officer’s deservingness of punishment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Respondents evaluated the use of force against peaceful protesters as morally wrong and deserving of punishment. Except for protester age, the experimental manipulations did not affect evaluations of police use of force. However, there was a sizable political divide in use-of-force evaluations, which was mediated by racial animus.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>When it comes to public evaluations of police behavior toward peaceful protesters, what matters more than situational details (e.g., protest goals, protester demographics) is the evaluators’ political and racial attitudes. Americans on the political right are less willing to punish police misbehavior because they are more racially resentful.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterrent effects of sanction severity and the role of procedural justice in prison: a preregistered randomized vignette experiment","authors":"Franziska M. Yasrebi-de Kom, Anja J. E. Dirkzwager, Peter H. van der Laan, Paul Nieuwbeerta","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09585-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09585-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study tests deterrence theory and procedural justice theory in prisons. Severe sanctions in prisons may deter detainees from misconduct. Recent research suggests that this deterrent effect may only occur if individuals are treated procedurally just by prison staff.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using an experimental vignette scenario design (<i>N</i> = 313 detainees and ex-detainees) we manipulated sanction severity and procedural justice across conditions testing the main and interaction effects of sanction severity and procedural justice on misconduct intentions (outcome measure 1) and compliance intentions (outcome measure 2). Also, we tested potential mediation pathways from sanction severity on these outcomes and the role of procedural justice therein.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Individuals reported lower intentions to comply in the severe as opposed to the mild sanction condition (η2 = .03). There was no significant main effect of procedural justice on misconduct and compliance intentions. The effect of sanction severity did not depend on procedural justice. Additionally, the effect of sanction severity on misconduct and compliance intentions was mediated by the moral devaluation of authorities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The present findings underscore the potential disadvantages of severely sanctioning in prison settings. Severe sanctions may backfire and decrease compliance intentions with institutional rules and staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marijuana legalization and racial disparities in prison incarceration in Colorado and Washington State: a quasi-experimental study","authors":"Guangzhen Wu, Katherine A. Durante, Heather C. Melton, Ariel L. Roddy","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09590-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09590-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study examines the impact of recreational marijuana legalization on Black-White disparities in overall prison incarceration and drug-related prison incarceration in Colorado (CO) and Washington State (WA).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We employ a quasi-experimental research design via a matching approach using the synthetic control method (SCM) as well as the difference-in-differences (DiD) method, using data from the National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) and the U.S. Census Bureau’s state population estimates from 2006 to 2018.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our findings suggest that recreational marijuana legalization in these two legalized states is not associated with sizable and significant decreases in Black-White disparities in overall prison incarceration rates or drug-related prison incarceration rates over the post-legalization period, relative to the nonlegalized states.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Recreational marijuana in CO and WA has had a limited impact on lessening racial inequality in imprisonment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would you let this guy into a bar? Identifying cues that signal a perceived increase in the propensity for violence of potential bar patrons","authors":"Elizabeth Summerell, Geneviv Fanous, Thomas F. Denson","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09587-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09587-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Bars, pubs, and clubs are hotspots for alcohol-related aggression. Consequently, admittance decisions made by security personnel have important implications for the safety inside these venues. However, the cues used by security personnel to determine the potential for intoxicated violence and inform admittance decisions vary substantially.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here, we manipulate theoretically and practically relevant cues to determine the effects of their utilization on perceptions of violence and admittance decisions. Participants viewed images of real inmates convicted of violent or non-violent crimes, accompanied by cues derived from interviews with security staff.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that body tenseness, drug and alcohol intoxication, searching behavior, avoidant behavior, and neck and face tattoos were positively associated with a greater perceived likelihood of violence. Admittance decisions mirrored these findings. Students and security personnel differed in their utilization of some of the cues.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>To our knowledge, the current research was the first to take a quantitative approach to understanding the cues that security personnel and young adults might use to identify potentially violent patrons. These finding may help inform training for security personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The price of retribution: evidence from the willingness to pay for short-term prison sentences compared to community service orders","authors":"Hilde Wermink, Jim Been, Pauline Schuyt, Peter van Wijck, Arjan Blokland","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09583-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09583-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this study is to estimate the price of retribution.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Based on administrative data on all sentences in the Netherlands in 2012 and recidivism from 2012 to 2018, we first investigate whether community service orders are more effective in reducing recidivism than short-term imprisonment using an instrumental variable approach. Next, we compute the cost savings that could be obtained by replacing short-term prison sanctions with equivalent community service orders.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We find that short-term prison sanctions lead to an increase in recidivism and an increase in the costs of sanctioning. We find that Dutch society pays about 400 million euros per year for retribution. This is about 21,000 euros per sanctioned offense per year and about 45 euros per taxpayer per year in the Netherlands. This is most likely a lower bound.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study reveals the willingness to pay for retribution as implied by judicial choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"115 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restrictive housing for prison rule violators: Specific deterrence or defiance?","authors":"John Wooldredge, Joshua C. Cochran, Claudia N. Anderson, Joshua S. Long","doi":"10.1007/s11292-023-09581-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09581-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To determine whether segregation (restrictive housing/RH) for first-time prison rule violators in Ohio shapes his/her odds of violations thereafter in a manner consistent with specific deterrence or criminogenic effects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Four types of propensity score analyses were conducted to assess placement in and length of RH for 14,880 rule violators: Matching without replacement, matching with replacement, propensity score stratification, and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Group differences were also compared using Abadie-Imbens robust standard errors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Findings were robust across methods. RH placement corresponded with significantly but modestly lower odds of any misconduct within 12 months after release from RH, but effects on more serious offenses (particularly violence) were weak. Longer RH terms corresponded with modestly <i>higher</i> odds of any misconduct.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Lower odds of misconduct post-RH is consistent with specific deterrence, but the higher odds associated with longer RH terms is consistent with a criminogenic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}