Cognitive Processing最新文献_第6页

How phonological and orthographic decoding complicates the simple view of reading in Chinese: examining mediation through listening comprehension. 语音和正字法解码如何使简单的汉语阅读观复杂化：通过听力理解考察调解。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-023-01143-3

Jiexin Lin, Haomin Zhang

{"title":"How phonological and orthographic decoding complicates the simple view of reading in Chinese: examining mediation through listening comprehension.","authors":"Jiexin Lin, Haomin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10339-023-01143-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-023-01143-3","url":null,"abstract":"Advocates of the science of reading have invoked the simple view of reading (SVR) to justify an approach that foregrounds decoding in early reading instruction. SVR describes reading comprehension as the product of decoding and listening comprehension. The current study examined the complexity of the SVR, focusing on the phonological and orthographic decoding in third-grade readers of Chinese. One hundred and forty-three students participated in this study. The measures included phonological decoding (pinyin invented spelling), orthographic decoding, listening comprehension and reading comprehension. Drawing upon regression analyses and multivariate path models, the study found that phonological decoding at both segmental and suprasegmental processing significantly predicted Chinese reading comprehension, yet a more significant effect of orthographic decoding surfaced. And the best-fitting model suggested listening comprehension was better characterized as a mediator rather than a covariance with decoding component in the decoding-reading relation when orthographic decoding was incorporated into decoding component to evaluate the validity of the SVR in Chinese. The results imply that orthographic decoding is a legitimate decoding component and that the two decoding constructs alone are insufficient for higher-level reading ability (reading comprehension) since the contribution appears to be mediated through the path route of oral language capacity (indexed by listening comprehension). This enriches the current understanding of the SVR in non-alphabetic languages and indicates that decoding training on both phonological and orthographic dimension should be highlighted in early Chinese reading instruction.","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"133-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9663497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Choosing between bad and worse: investigating choice in moral dilemmas through the lens of control. 在坏与更坏之间做出选择：从控制的角度研究道德困境中的选择。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01226-9

Revati Shivnekar, Narayanan Srinivasan

{"title":"Choosing between bad and worse: investigating choice in moral dilemmas through the lens of control.","authors":"Revati Shivnekar, Narayanan Srinivasan","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01226-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01226-9","url":null,"abstract":"People's preferences for the utilitarian outcome in sacrificial moral dilemmas, where a larger group of individuals are saved at the cost of a few, have been argued to be influenced by various factors. Taking expected utility (EU) theory into consideration, we investigate whether the expected effectiveness of actions elucidate certain inconsistencies in moral judgments. Additionally, we also explore whether participants' role in the dilemma as the executor or a superior who merely makes a decision, which is carried out by a subordinate, influences judgments-a factor generally overlooked by classical EU models. We test these hypotheses using a modified moral dilemma paradigm with a choice between two actions, one highly successful and the other more likely to fail. Both actions are either expected to result in a favorable outcome of saving five individuals by sacrificing one or an unfavorable outcome of sacrificing five to save one. When the efficient action is anticipated to lead to a favorable outcome, in line with EU models, people almost invariably choose the efficient action. However, in conditions where the EUs associated with efficient and inefficient actions are close to each other, people's choice for favored outcome is above chance when they act as agents themselves. We discuss the implications of our results for existing theories of moral judgments.","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of wearing a surgical face mask on cognitive functioning and mood states: a randomised controlled trial in young adults. 戴外科口罩对认知功能和情绪状态的影响：一项针对年轻人的随机对照试验。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01238-5

Neda Nasrollahi, Tim Jowett, Liana Machado

{"title":"Effects of wearing a surgical face mask on cognitive functioning and mood states: a randomised controlled trial in young adults.","authors":"Neda Nasrollahi, Tim Jowett, Liana Machado","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01238-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01238-5","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant public concerns voiced about wearing face masks and reports from healthcare workers of adverse effects on cognition, research into potential adverse effects remains limited. The present trial investigated the effects of wearing a surgical face mask for prolonged periods on cognitive functioning and mood. We tested 42 university students (18-36 years old) using a controlled counterbalanced crossover design that involved a mask session and a control session, separated by 1 week. The two sessions were identical except that on the day of the mask session, participants were asked to wear a surgical mask for at least 8 h and to continue wearing it while visiting our laboratory, during which cognitive performance and mood were assessed as per the control session. Results showed that participants reported feeling less happy and more tense during the mask session compared to no-mask control. Additionally, cognitive performance differed between the two sessions for a selective attention task, reflecting slower response latencies during the mask session, which for the most part appeared to be driven by those who felt anxious wearing the mask. Although significant differences emerged for only two of six mood scales and one of eight cognitive tests, the evidence of adverse effects in a university population signals a need for research investigating vulnerable populations. Individuals with elevated anxiety may be particularly important to target.Trail Registration: This randomized controlled trial was retrospectively registered (ACTRN12620001215910). Date registered: 16/11/2020, retrospectively registered.","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of cognitive training on driving performance. 认知训练对驾驶性能的影响。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01245-6

Jose L Tapia, David Sánchez-Borda, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia

{"title":"The effects of cognitive training on driving performance.","authors":"Jose L Tapia, David Sánchez-Borda, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01245-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01245-6","url":null,"abstract":"Driving is a complex task necessitating an intricate interplay of sensory, motor, and cognitive abilities. Extensive research has underscored the role of neurocognitive functions, including attention, memory, executive functions, and visuospatial skills, in driving safety and performance. Despite evidence suggesting cognitive training's potential in enhancing driving abilities, comprehensive cognitive training's impact on driving performance in young adult drivers remains unexplored. Our study aimed to fill this gap by implementing an intensive, 8-week, multidomain computerized cognitive training program and assessing its transfer effects on the driving performance of young adult drivers, using a high-fidelity simulator. The study employed a randomized controlled trial design, with passive control group. The mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a notable interaction between the time of testing and the respective participant groups concerning driving performance. Post hoc analyses showed that, compared to the control group, participants undergoing cognitive training demonstrated significantly fewer traffic infractions in the post-training evaluation. These findings suggest that cognitive training could be a useful tool for enhancing driving safety and performance in young adult drivers. Further research should aim to address the limitations posed by the absence of an active control group.","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Domain embeddings for generating complex descriptions of concepts in Italian language. 用意大利语生成复杂概念描述的领域嵌入。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01234-9

Alessandro Maisto

{"title":"Domain embeddings for generating complex descriptions of concepts in Italian language.","authors":"Alessandro Maisto","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01234-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01234-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose a Distributional Semantic resource enriched with linguistic and lexical information extracted from electronic dictionaries. This resource is designed to bridge the gap between the continuous semantic values represented by distributional vectors and the discrete descriptions provided by general semantics theory. Recently, many researchers have focused on the connection between embeddings and a comprehensive theory of semantics and meaning. This often involves translating the representation of word meanings in Distributional Models into a set of discrete, manually constructed properties, such as semantic primitives or features, using neural decoding techniques. Our approach introduces an alternative strategy based on linguistic data. We have developed a collection of domain-specific co-occurrence matrices derived from two sources: a list of Italian nouns classified into four semantic traits and 20 concrete noun sub-categories and Italian verbs classified by their semantic classes. In these matrices, the co-occurrence values for each word are calculated exclusively with a defined set of words relevant to a particular lexical domain. The resource includes 21 domain-specific matrices, one comprehensive matrix, and a Graphical User Interface. Our model facilitates the generation of reasoned semantic descriptions of concepts by selecting matrices directly associated with concrete conceptual knowledge, such as a matrix based on location nouns and the concept of animal habitats. We assessed the utility of the resource through two experiments, achieving promising outcomes in both the automatic classification of animal nouns and the extraction of animal features.","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"91-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of cognitive flexibility on prospective EFL teachers' critical thinking disposition: the mediating role of self-efficacy. 认知灵活性对准 EFL 教师批判性思维倾向的影响：自我效能感的中介作用。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01227-8

Şenol Orakcı, Tahmineh Khalili

{"title":"The impact of cognitive flexibility on prospective EFL teachers' critical thinking disposition: the mediating role of self-efficacy.","authors":"Şenol Orakcı, Tahmineh Khalili","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01227-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01227-8","url":null,"abstract":"Critical thinking as one of the key skills for success in the 21st-century has been considered by many scholars in teacher education. This study tries to examine the interaction of critical thinking disposition with two other key characteristics of successful teachers: cognitive flexibility and self-efficacy. To this end, a sample of pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers was selected for this study. Based on the findings, a positive and strong relationship between cognitive flexibility and critical thinking disposition, and a positive and robust correlation between self-efficacy and critical thinking disposition were observed. Hence, it can be suggested that teacher-educationists can use this link for designing teacher-training courses with tailored tasks for both in and pre-service teachers. The main contribution of the findings might be beneficial for homogenizing teacher-training courses around the globe with the 21st-century trends. In addition, this line of research can be followed by empirical studies for checking the effectiveness of tailored tasks for provoking teachers' critical thinking dispositions, cognitive flexibility, and self-efficacy in teaching activities.","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding responses of people with ASD in diverse reasoning tasks: A formal study. 了解 ASD 患者在不同推理任务中的反应：一项正式研究。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01233-w

Torben Braüner, Aishwarya Ghosh, Sujata Ghosh

引用次数: 0

Why dogs prefer zoomies to zoom and what it tells us about the importance of in-person meetings for learning and memory. 为什么狗狗喜欢 "zoomies "而不是 "zoom"，它告诉我们人与人之间的会面对学习和记忆的重要性。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01235-8

Géraldine Coppin, Michael L Onofrio

引用次数: 0

Effects of inductive and deductive aural vocabulary pre-teaching on EFL learners' word recognition from speech. 归纳式和演绎式听力词汇预习对英语学习者从语音中识别单词的影响。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01232-x

Razieh Rabbani Yekta, Nima Alighadr, Somayeh Pournia

引用次数: 0

Autistic and non-autistic adults use discourse context to determine a speaker's intention to request. 自闭症成人和非自闭症成人都会使用话语语境来判断说话者的请求意图。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Cognitive Processing Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01229-6

Faith Frost, Marisa Nagano, Emily Zane

{"title":"Autistic and non-autistic adults use discourse context to determine a speaker's intention to request.","authors":"Faith Frost, Marisa Nagano, Emily Zane","doi":"10.1007/s10339-024-01229-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10339-024-01229-6","url":null,"abstract":"The current study focuses on how autistic adults utilize context to determine whether ambiguous utterances (e.g., \"I'm thirsty\") are intended as indirect requests or as literal comment/questions. Two questions are addressed: (1) How do autistic adults compare to neurotypical adults in using context to interpret an utterance's intention as either literal or a request? (2) What cognitive mechanisms correlate with indirect request interpretation, and are these different for participants in each group? Twenty-six autistic and 26 neurotypical college students participated, engaging in an online experiment where they read narratives that ended with utterances open to literal or request interpretations, based on context. After each narrative, participants selected the best paraphrase of the utterance from two options, literal versus request. Following this task, participants completed two mentalizing measures (a false belief and emotion-identification task) and several executive functioning tests. The best model for predicting paraphrase choice included scores on the emotion-identification task and context as main effects, along with the interaction between both. Participants with higher emotion-identification test scores were more likely to provide correct paraphrases. Models including group as a main effect and/or interaction were not better at fitting the data, nor were any models that included executive functioning measures as main effects or interactions. Emotion-identification test scores, but not autism diagnosis, predict how adults infer whether an utterance is a request. Findings suggest that autistic adults use context similarly to neurotypical adults when interpreting requests, and that similar processes underlie performance for each group.","PeriodicalId":47638,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Processing","volume":" ","pages":"171-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0