Applied Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Temperature Variation from 300 to 400 K on the Performance of Silicon Solar Cell","authors":"Sonia Sharma, Rahul Rishi, Tarun, Ravinder Kumar Sahdev, Sumit Tiwari","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600935","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The solar cell operating at a temperature of around 298 K gives superior performance compared to other temperature ranges. However, variation in sun insolation received due to season and latitude variation changes the temperature drastically, so the performance of solar cells also varies. If the temperature varies above a particular limit, it causes a negative effect on the performance parameters of solar cells. This is due to the fact that intrinsic carrier concentration, band gap <i>E</i>_g and dark saturation current <i>I</i>_o of semiconductor material silicon are highly dependent upon the temperature. Various performance parameters of Silicon solar cells, such as efficiency η, short-circuited current <i>J</i>_sc, open-circuited voltage <i>V</i>_oc, and fill factor FF, depend upon the temperature directly or indirectly. The effect of change in temperature beyond an optimum range, i.e., 300 to 400 K, on the performance of silicon-based solar cells under an AM1.5 spectrum is thoroughly and theoretically examined in the present paper. In this paper, the performance of silicon-based solar cells is examined and evaluated in a temperature range from 300 to 400 K. All these factors decrease with an increase in temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Insights into Solar Drying of Kola Fish: Mechanisms, Modeling, and Optimization","authors":"Sendhil Kumar Natarajan, Guna Muthuvairavan, Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju, Elavarasan Elangovan, Mahendran Samykano","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601369","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Solar drying is a method employed to expedite moisture reduction and enhance preservation capacity, characterized by intricate heat and mass transfer processes, challenging the micro-level description of drying kinetics. This study aims to optimize solar drying conditions for kola fish using a double slope solar dryer. An empirical investigation was conducted in three modes viz: open sun drying, natural convection solar dryer and forced convection solar drying. The research underscores the advantages of forced convection drying, showcasing a notable reduction of 4 h in drying time in comparison to natural convection. Furthermore, natural convection surpassed open sun drying, yielding an impressive 18-hour time-saving. An empirical model was formulated to establish the relationship between surface temperature and influential parameters, including insolation, air temperature, and ambient temperature. This model exhibited a high degree of reliability, featuring a correlation coefficient of 0.982 and a narrow standard deviation of 0.028, enabling precise surface temperature predictions under various conditions. The study delved into the effective moisture diffusivity range of kola fish, pinpointing it within the range of 5.16 × 10^–9 to 5.29 ×10^–8 m²/s. This understanding of intrinsic moisture migration during drying contributes to process optimization. Furthermore, the determination of the activation energy for kola fish drying, which ranged from 28.34 to 38.83 kJ/mol, elucidates the temperature-dependent nature of drying kinetics and underlying energy-driven mechanisms. These revelations significantly enhance the comprehension and advancement of controlled solar drying techniques for kola fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation Study on the Seasonal Variation of Solar PV based Green Hydrogen Generation in Tropical Climatic Region in India","authors":"Iftikar Ahmed, Biswajit Biswas, Ratan Mandal, Tapan Kumar Parya, Kunal Chowdhury","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x2360090x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2360090x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Hydrogen energy is very promising nowadays due to no or very low carbon emission during energy conversion. Hydrogen as a fuel mainly caters in engines and fuel cells used in the automobile sector. Though there are issues regarding transportation and storage of H₂ but research and development is going on to improve such issues. Commercial vehicles are already in the streets worldwide powered by H₂. India is also not far behind. To develop the hydrogen economy throughout the country, India has launched the National Hydrogen Mission which focuses on generation of blue and green hydrogen. There are several ways to generate H₂ out of which electrolysis is one of the simple and clean technologies. H₂ generation through electrolysis is very much dependent on the ambient parameters. Tropical climatic regions have several weather seasons throughout the year which have direct impact on the H₂ generation through electrolysis. In this study, a simulation has been carried out for green H₂ generation with a PV powered electrolyzer with the help of MATL-AB Simulink simscape module by taking all the ambient parameters of a tropical region in India and the effect of seasonal variation on H₂ generation has been evaluated. It has been observed that due to changes in ambient conditions monthly electrolyzer efficiency varies from 59.11% for the month of July to 66.06% for the month of March on and overall system efficiency on monthly basis with PV Module-DC/DC Converter-Electrolyzer varies from 9.8 to 10.4%.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy and Exergy Analyses of Plastic Solar Air Heater Developed from Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes","authors":"Seelam Venkata Kota Reddy, Kavati Venkateswarlu, Faisal Akram, Anuj Prasanth, Aswyn Patrick, Nabeel Ahmed, Swapnesh Panicker, Tooba Shariff","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x2360087x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2360087x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The solar air heaters fabricated from plastics could reduce both material and fabrication costs. However, those fabricated from conventional plastics such as PVC suffer from the fundamental drawback that they cannot withstand higher temperatures. This work aims at fabricating a plastic solar air heater (PSAH) using chlorinated poly vinyl chloride (CPVC) and experimentally investigating its performance with cover made of 0.5 mm thick polyethylene and that without cover. To examine the effectiveness of PSAH at a tilt angle of 30°, all investigations were carried out at the University campus of Manipal, Dubai (25°08′00.1″ 55°25′31.0″ E) at an average global solar irradiation of 290 W/m²and average ambient temperature of 33–37.7°C from April16 to May 20, independently, for the two situations: with and without covers. The temperature rise of the air was recorded in both the inlet and outflow at different intervals by adjusting the MFRs of the air in steps of 0.025 kg/s, ranging from 0.02 to 0.055 kg/s. Energy efficiency (η_energy), exergy efficiency (η_exergy) of the collector, coefficient of hydraulic resistance, pressure drop, heat loss factor and thermal and optical heat losses were evaluated at various mass flow rates (MFR) of air as well as with the time of the day. It was found that the highest collector’s η_energy is found as 30 and 70.6% respectively for PSAH without cover and with cover with a constant inflow of air at 0.05 kg/s while the highest η_exergy is observed to be 17.8 and 26.1% respectively at an MFR of 0.03 kg/s. Collector’s η_energy increases with an increase in MFR of air while η_exergy shows the reverse trend. The highest rise in temperature of air was found to be 14.5 and 44^oC for PSAH without and with covers respectively. The coefficient of hydraulic resistance and pressure drop were observed to be insignificant. The overall heat loss coefficient for convection is calculated for PSAH without and with top covers respectively to be 3.7 and 2.4 W/m² K. The maximum rates of thermal and optical losses were also calculated for PSAH without and with top covers to be 140, 75 W and 102 and 42 W respectively. Thus, the useful energy without and with top covers is 38 and 59% respectively of the total energy supplied by the PSAH (345 W).</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of the Energy Efficient System of a Solar Greenhouse with Solar Energy Storage","authors":"B. S. Rasakhodzhaev, A. R. Khamdamov","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600200","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper presents the results of experiments with a solar greenhouse used to ensure the most favorable temperature regime. In order to provide thermal insulation and reduce heat losses, a solar greenhouse structure with an arched shape and a total area of 200 m² has been developed. It is located directly in the ground, at a depth of 0.5 m and a height of 4.0 m above ground. The total height of the greenhouse is 4.5 m, the length is 20 m, and the width is 10 m. These dimensions comply with the standards established in KMK 2.09.08-97 Greenhouses and Hotbeds. On the outer part of the solar greenhouse, a layer of dry straw with sufficient permeability to sunlight is placed between two transparent enclosures during the winter period for thermal insulation. This significantly reduces heat losses through the top transparent surface and enhances the greenhouse effect. This transparent enclosure design allows heavy mechanical loads, is resistant to mechanical cleaning processes, and at the same time, has high thermal insulation properties. By using the solar greenhouse structure with the energy flow scheme presented, a more homogeneous air environment with temperature inside the greenhouse can be achieved, even during daily fluctuations in the temperature of the surrounding air. The temperature and humidity parameters inside the solar greenhouse vary due to the absorption of solar radiation from the ground surface and the evaporation of moisture from the soil. The results of the experiments show that the solar greenhouse based on our energy flow scheme, using the ground as thermal insulation, significantly reduces heat losses through the floor. The method of insulation between two transparent enclosures provides a more homogeneous air environment with air temperature inside the greenhouse, despite significant daily fluctuations in the temperature of the surrounding air, and effective accumulation of solar energy inside the solar greenhouse.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu2O-Enhanced Back Surface Field Empowers Selenium-Based TiO2/Sb2Se3 Thin Film Solar Cells to Achieve Efficiency over 32%","authors":"Basra Sultana, A. T. M. Saiful Islam, Md. Dulal Haque, Abdul Kuddus","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601515","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Antimony (Sb) chalcogenides, particularly antimony selenide (Sb₂Se₃), have gained attention as promising semiconductor materials in order to creat and advancement of competitive solar cells. These materials exhibit a range of desirable qualities, such as excellent absorption rate, ability to modify band gap, and plentiful in the crust of the earth. This article describes an antimony selenide (Sb₂Se₃) absorber based high-efficient thin film solar cell (TFSC) with copper oxide (Cu₂O) as as back surface field (BSF) by dint of Al/ITO/TiO₂/Sb₂Se₃/Cu₂O/Ni heterostructure using SCAPS-1D Simulator. This research entails an in-depth assessment of various physical and electrical characteristics of every solar active semiconductorof TiO₂,Sb₂Se₃, and Cu₂O covering the thickness of each layer, concentration of carrier doping, defect density in the bulk and at the interface, carrier generation rate together with recombination. Initially, the variation in photovoltaic parameters of open circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_oc), short-circuit current density (<i>J</i>_sc), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE), and quantum efficiency (QE) investigated without the BSF layer, followed by a comprehensive analysis on the role of Cu₂O BSF layer for enhancing cell’s performance explored systematically. The proposed heterostructure shows improved PCE of over 32% (which was 21% without BSF) with <i>J</i>_SC of 37.492 mA/cm², <i>V</i>_OC of 1.024 V, and FF of 83.595%. Thus, the utilisation of a heterostructure comprising Sb₂Se₃ absorber and copper oxide Cu₂O BSF layer demonstrates significant promise in the development and production the high-efficiency greenery thin-film solar cells (TFSCs).</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterojunction-with-Intrinsic-Thin-Layer Photovoltaic Panels Operation—Numerical Simulation and Outdoor Tests in Moscow","authors":"Yaroslav A. Menshikov, Oleg S. Popel, Alexey B. Tarasenko","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x2360193x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2360193x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>The research has been devoted to benefits for heterojunction silicon PV panels application evaluation. Evaluation has been conducted through numerical simulation and field tests in Moscow conditions. During simulation PV array year energy yields for HJT monocrystalline Si panels have been derived for 2013–2018 years using NASA Power initial satellite data on solar radiation daily sums. Experimental investigation has been realized through multicrystalline and HJT panel comparative test using test bed, simulating small off-grid power unit. Specific energy yield of panel (ratio of energy yield for given period of time to the panel peak power) has been chosen as a criterion for panels operation comparison in both cases. The research novelty is concerned with attempt to estimate additional energy, produced due to amorphous silicon layer presence by means of field tests in different weather conditions. Calculation showed no benefits for HJT PV panels. Experimental research showed that up to 5–6 kWh/m²/day solar radiation sum value HJT panel provides 1–20% power output gain relatively multicrystalline panel with maximum gain of 14–16% in range of 2–2.5 kWh/m²/day solar radiation sum values.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of a Dual-Axis 20W-Rated Photovoltaic Solar Tracker","authors":"Nashil Sowaruth, Raviduth Ramful","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600960","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Solar energy is one of the most abundant forms of renewable energies for countries located in the tropics like Mauritius. Further interests and initiatives have been observed in recent years to harness solar energy in Mauritius. One way to maximize the capture of solar energy is by considering solar trackers which can be a fundamental part in modern photovoltaic (PV) setups. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of a low-cost solar tracker fitted with an innovative tracking mechanism to harness solar energy in Mauritius. In this study, a low-cost system was designed to harness solar energy efficiently by virtue of a tracking mechanism based on a novel ball-joint system to provide charging power to portable devices even in remote places. An intelligent charging circuitry was incorporated not only to provide power for any connected devices but also to keep the system running in conditions of low sunlight. The efficiency assessment of the solar tracker was conducted on a real scale prototype, which was constructed by considering off-the-shelf materials to keep an overall low manufacturing cost. Test results showed that the innovative tracking mechanism could successfully track the sun path. This contributed to an overall increase in the nominal power generation of the solar tracker, which was found to be around 15 W in contrast to the static panel which was around 10 W. Moreover, the charging duration of the portable devices from the charging unit in the solar tracker was found to be similar when compared to the one corresponding to direct charge from the mains. The developed and tested prototype in this study has shown the benefits of using a solar tracking device to capture and generate solar energy and clean power respectively which could be further developed and refined on a larger scale for mass commercialization as portable power-generating devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Realization of a Photovoltaic Tracer using DC/DC Converter","authors":"Abdelilah Khlifi, Yamina Khlifi, Mohamed Larbi Elhafyani","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601321","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>This article deals with the characterization of photovoltaic (PV) panels using current-voltage (I–V) tracers. It focuses on the realization of a low cost and real-time I–V tracer that uses an inexpensive DC/DC converter, a fixed load and sensors for measuring current and voltage of the PV Panel. Additionally, a data acquisition interface (DAI) is developed to collect real-time PV data under different weather conditions. The developed tracer reduces testing time for PV panel characterization compared with classical methods. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed tracer, we analyze the electrical parameters to which the electronic equipment is exposed and contrasts the advantages of the suggested technique and disadvantages of the classical method of measurement (i.e., using multimers), taking a variety of criteria including accuracy into account. For further validation, we compare the experimental PV characteristics to the simulated PV curves obtained using a single diode model.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Specific Interactions in the Formation of Perovskite Structures","authors":"I. N. Nurgaliev, M. B. Marasulov, N. R. Ashurov","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601746","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<i>Abstract</i>\u0000</h3><p>Using methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) as an example, the process of complexation of molecular particles from solution at the initial stage of crystallization was studied using calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The calculations were carried out taking into account solvents widely used in experiments: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-MP) to analyze the structure and energy of iodoplumbate complexes in the form of simple complex [PbI_<i>m</i>X_<i>n</i>]² ^{<i>– m</i>} and polymeric iodoplumbates ([PbI_<i>m</i>X_<i>n</i>]² ^{<i>– m</i>})_<i>x</i>. Reaction schemes for the formation of MAPbI₃ in DMSO and DMF solvents, as well as in DMF–DMSO and DMF–N–MP binary solvents, are proposed based on the calculated energies. Calculations showed the important role of NH–O hydrogen bonds in the formation of iodoplumbate monomers, as well as the imbalance of the energies of the complexes at several elementary stages of the reaction in various solvents (the formation of [PbI₄X_<i>n</i>]^2– is favorable; the formation of [PbI₅X_<i>n</i>]^3– is slowed down. Mixing a small amount of DMSO with DMF results in a better energy balance and, therefore, potentially better equilibrium in the overall crystallization process, and thus a better quality of the perovskite crystal structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}