Applied Solar Energy最新文献

{"title":"Studies of Degradation Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells by 1 MeV Electrons Irradiation","authors":"V. S. Kalinovskii, E. I. Terukov, S. N. Abolmasov, K. K. Prudchenko, E. V. Kontrosh, I. A. Tolkachev, A. V. Kochergin, A. S. Titov, O. K. Ataboev","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600984","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article attempts to assess the radiation resistance of heterostructure silicon solar cells to the effects of 1 MeV electrons and discusses their prospects for power supply of the global low-orbit satellite communication system. The data obtained from this study allow us to identify the most promising types of heterostructure silicon solar cells for use in low-orbit spacecraft. These are n-α-Si:H-(p)c-Si:Ga-p-α-Si:H and n-µc-Si:H-(p)c-Si:Ga-p-α-Si:H solar cells. The degradation in efficiency of these structures was less than 30% by 1 × 10¹⁵ cm^–2 fluence of 1 MeV electrons.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Performance of Graded Index Nanocomposite-Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Hala J. El-Khozondar, Mohammed M. Shabat","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600893","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study presents a novel four-layer solar cell design, composed of NiO_<i>x</i> embedded in glass on top of a perovskite layer and SnO₂ substrate. Incident light enters through the glass layer and exits through the substrate into the surrounding air. A novel graded index of the composite layer is proposed where the refractive index varies with the vertical distance from the glass interface. Using the Maple program, we calculate the transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance powers of the proposed solar cells, while examining the influence of different parameters on these powers. Our findings indicate that the transmittance, reflection, and absorption powers are sensitive to changes in layer thickness. Specifically, we observe that the absorbance power approaches unity for longer wavelengths while remaining above 0.7 for shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, we propose integrating this cell into a tandem solar cell configuration, where it can complement another cell by providing support in longer wavelengths and high absorbance in shorter wavelengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Review on Various Solar Drying Technologies: Direct and Indirect Solar Dryer Systems","authors":"C. N. Deepak, Aruna Kumar Behura","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x2360073x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x2360073x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Food industry being one of the world’s largest energy intensive industries, lack of proper preservation and storage techniques have led to huge amount of food losses and wastage. Dehydration of food and vegetables has been an effective technique of preservation as this reduces post-harvest losses, make them easier to transport, store and can prevent the growth of microbes. Abundant solar energy being available for free of cost, solar drying is desirable in terms of environment friendliness, economic benefits and is compatible for remote locations. Solar dryers optimize this process with efficient utilization of solar energy and provides higher quality products. Different configurations of solar dryers with diverse configurations and applications have been designed and implemented over the years. Based on the difference in supply and utilization of solar energy, the most prominent solar dryer configurations are direct and indirect solar dryers. This work intends to review the features, design and performance of existing direct and indirect solar dryers. Major challenges such as intermittency and unsteady availability of solar energy has been addressed through thermal energy storage by many research studies, which has also been effectively reviewed. Materials used for construction, design constraints, thermal energy storage integration and experimental results have been discussed and tabulated. The review revealed highly efficient solar collectors such as tube type absorber and evacuated tube collectors, solar concentrators employed dryers capable of achieving elevated temperatures, greenhouse and solar tent dryers with huge capacity and novel dryer and collector designs of superior performance. Various integration techniques of different thermal energy storage materials and their enhancement in performance were eminently observed in the review. As a source of technological attributes and constructional features, this review paper intends to aid the development of solar dryers and food preservation employing renewable energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Material Balance of a Heliopyrolysis Device with a Parabolic Solar Concentrator","authors":"G. N. Uzakov, X. A. Almardanov","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601886","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>The work presents a technological diagram of a heliopyrolysis device with a parabolic concentrator for the thermal processing of biomass and organic waste to produce alternative fuel. An experimental heliopyrolysis device was created and its main characteristics were substantiated. The results of experimental studies of the temperature regime and material balance of pyrolysis of biomass and various organic wastes are presented, taking into account the intensity of solar radiation in the conditions of the city of Karshi. An analysis of the material balance of pyrolysis of biomass and organic waste using concentrated solar energy was carried out. It has been established that through the use of a parabolic solar concentrator as the main heater of the reactor, it is possible to create the required temperature regime for pyrolysis within the temperature range of 350–500°C. The cycle duration of the biomass pyrolysis process averages 180–240 min. The conducted studies show that during the daytime in sunny weather, three or four cycles can be carried out in the proposed unit. As a result, it becomes possible to compensate for the thermal energy that is consumed for the device’s own needs with solar energy. It was concluded that with slow pyrolysis of biomass and organic waste, the intensity of the yield of gaseous fuel increases from 10 to 30% with an increase in temperature from 100–350°C; the yield of liquid pyrolysis products in the temperature range of 150–350°C increases from 5 to 22%. The analysis of the temperature regime and material balance of the heliopyrolysis device shows the feasibility of its use for the producing alternative fuel from biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Calculation of Spectral and Angular Distribution of Diffusely Reflected, Diffusely Transmitted, and Unscattered Fluxes of Solar Radiation in Atmospheric Layers","authors":"M. M. Sobirov, J. Yu. Rozikov, D. A. Yusupova, V. U. Ruziboev","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601187","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The spectral and angular distributions of the intensity of diffusely reflected and transmitted solar radiation fluxes in the atmosphere, resulting from multiple Rayleigh scattering on air molecules, have been studied. Additionally, calculations of the spectral distribution of total fluxes of diffusely reflected, transmitted, and unscattered solar radiation exiting the atmospheric layers have been performed. It is demonstrated how the redistribution of these fluxes across the spectrum occurs depending on the angle of illumination. The calculations of diffuse radiation intensity were carried out within the framework of the theory of Chandrasekhar’s <span>(X,Y)</span> functions theory, developed using the factorization method.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Principles of Solar Architecture in Civil Engineering for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Buildings","authors":"V. V. Elistratov, S. E. Krasnozhen","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x22601417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x22601417","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Global warming driven primarily by human activity, underscores the urgency of reducing reliance on fossil fuels and curbing greenhouse gas emissions. The construction sector alone accounted for a staggering 37% of all carbon emissions in 2021. The application of solar architectural principles is emerging as a key strategy to reduce the carbon footprint of civil buildings. This approach includes passive and active solar techniques, alongside energy-efficient measures. Passive strategies include optimal building orientation, envelope improvements to minimize heat exchange, and the use of shading devices. Active measures include the integration of renewable energy sources. In a practical demonstration, a residential building in Russia’s Kaliningrad region illustrates the implementation of these principles. Using passive solar measures and rigorous energy calculations, the building achieved an A+ energy saving class. In addition, the integration of active solar elements, including a 4.5 m² evacuated thermal collector and 3.56 kW photovoltaic panels, along with an air-to-water heat pump, resulted in a 72% reduction in annual energy consumption for heating, hot water, and electricity—from 27.695 to 7.697 kWh. This results in a significant reduction of 10 tons of carbon emissions per year. This illustrates the potential of solar architecture in advancing sustainable building practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer Simulation of the Reflection Coefficient of Protective Coatings of Mirrors of Solar Devices","authors":"S. X. Suleymanov, V. G. Dyskin, M. U. Djanklich, N. A. Kulagina","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23602004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23602004","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In solar technology mirrors are used with an outer and rear coating of a reflective layer. The reflection coefficient of mirrors with an external coating is greater than that of mirrors with a rear coating, but over time it decreases due to the destructive effects of the external environment. Therefore, solar technology began to apply mirrors with an external coating and a protective film to protect them from the effects of the external environment. The paper presents the results of computer simulation of protective films for aluminum mirrors. It is shown that dielectric films with a refractive index from 1.38 to 1.8 have practically no effect on the reflectance of an aluminum mirror if their thickness does not exceed 15 nm. To protect the surface of an aluminum mirror, SiO₂ + Al and ZnS + MgF₂ mixed films with a thickness from 10 to 15 nm with a SiO₂ and ZnS concentration of 10% are recommended. Of interest is a MgF₂ + ZnS film with a MgF₂ concentration of 43% and a thickness of 10–15 nm. The film reduces the reflection coefficient of the mirror by no more than 2% and has no internal stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Solar Vortex Updraft Air Generator under the Effect of Various Vanes Angles Operation Conditions","authors":"Hussein A. Jaffar, Ali A. Ismaeel, Ahlam Luaibi Shuraiji","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601023","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Several researchers tended to study and develop vortex technologies to generate clean electric power, it generates a vortex updraft air stream while operating at a moderate temperature scale. The conventional solar air collector with a vortex engine has been shown to be insufficient for starting and maintaining updrafts by a previous model. So, this research sought to propose and design a new solar vortex engine system and improve the system by conducting a set of calculations carried out by the ANSYS 2020 R2 simulation program. The research focuses on increasing the performance of the proposed model by changing the angle of the Guide Vane to increase the vortex force generated where four angles are proposed. Where four different angles were proposed that are close to the angles of previous studies (10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°). The air intake speed has been changed on each proposed angle. The proposed model was validated by its general behavior, which is similar to previous studies in performance. After a comparison was made between the results of the proposed models, it was found that the angle of 20 deg gives the highest performance of the model that was designed and tested using the ANSYS program.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Turbulent Natural Convection in Photovoltaic Solar Panels Based on the Spalart–Allmares (SA) Turbulence Model","authors":"A. A. Kuchkarov, Sh. A. Muminov, M. E. Madaliyev","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23601850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23601850","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this study, the efficiency of air velocity on solar panels during cooling was studied based on temperature and solar radiation in the environment where the panels are located. When the panels cool down, the temperature of the rear panel decreases and, accordingly, the idle voltage of the panels increases. Currently, the most significant losses in panels are associated with an increase in the temperature of the panels, depending on solar radiation and outdoor temperature. The article presents mathematical modeling of turbulent natural air convection in a heated photovoltaic solar panel. The considered problem, despite its relative simplicity, contains all the main elements characteristic of currents near the wall caused by buoyancy forces. A significant disadvantage of the algebraic Reynolds-Averaged Navier—Stokes (RANS) turbulence models for solving this problem is that for them it is necessary to set the transition point from the laminar to turbulent mode from the experiment. Therefore, the work uses the modern Spalart—Allmares (SA) turbulence model, which has a high rating in the NASA database. In order to verify the model, the obtained results are compared with known experimental data. It is shown that the SA model describes the turbulence zone well. The paper shows that an additional force arises as a result of the temperature gradient, which plays an important role in describing turbulent natural convection. The results show good agreement with the experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and Optimization of CSP System Efficiency Based on Effects of Wind","authors":"Kashif Ali, Song Jifeng","doi":"10.3103/s0003701x23600844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x23600844","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Solar thermal power generation has broad development prospects in China’s energy market due to its excellent power quality, continuous power generation, low manufacturing costs, and no pollution to the environment. Based on the theoretical support of computational fluid dynamics, structural strength theory, and Monte Carlo ray tracing method, ray tracing analysis on parabolic trough collector were carried out, to ensure that the concentrating efficiency of collector under the specified wind speed stays within the standard range. Based on the existing parameters, the collector is three-dimensional modeled. The size of the fluid domain was calculated. The calculation model was meshed, and the boundary conditions were set, according to the change of the wind force on the collector under different working angles. The best danger avoidance attitude and the most appropriate maintenance attitude of the collector are obtained, use the data transmission interface between ANSYS and Fluent software to perform a unidirectional fluid-structure coupling analysis on the collector, and pressure-transmit the surface wind pressure of the collector analyzed by Fluent software. Calculate the displacement deformation and equivalent stress distribution of the collector under the effect of wind pressure, Analyze and evaluate its structural strength. The ray tracing software Trace Pro is used to calculate the concentration efficiency under different wind speeds and working angles. Obtain the changing law of the collector efficiency under different wind speeds and different working angles, analyze whether the working efficiency meets the requirements under the two conditions of the design work.</p>","PeriodicalId":475,"journal":{"name":"Applied Solar Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.204,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}