{"title":"Curriculum standardization, central exams and achievement inequalities in primary education: A cross-national longitudinal study","authors":"Nathalie Vigna, Giuliana Parente, Moris Triventi","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines whether standardization increases academic performance and reduces achievement inequalities in primary education. We analyze standardization from a multidimensional perspective, considering educational inputs, such as the national curriculum, and outputs, such as central exams.</div><div>We use data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) for 2006, 2011, and 2016, covering 43 countries and nearly 700,000 fourth-grade students. For each country and year, we construct a novel index of curriculum standardization and examine the presence of central exams. Using an innovative two-step multilevel meta-regression strategy, we assess the role of standardization in shaping average reading performance and multiple measures of test score inequality.</div><div>Results reveal substantial cross-national differences in standardization practices but no consistent relationship between curricular or assessment standardization and reading proficiency or inequality. Although within-country temporal variation is limited, findings remain robust across specifications, challenging the assumption that standardization alone promotes educational equity or effectiveness in primary education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What are the factors that acquire or maintain academic resilience? The case of South Korean middle schools","authors":"Sejin Park , Youngeun An","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how the proportion of socioeconomically disadvantaged middle school students demonstrating academic resilience changes over three years in Korea. Using panel data from the Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2013 (KELS 2013), growth mixture models identify three trajectory groups—general (91.4 %), growth (5.4 %), and sustained resilience (3.2 %). Findings reveal a decline in resilience over time, with academic self-concept, study-related stress, and reading frequency as significant predictors. At the school level, private schools in urban areas show higher resilience rates. These results highlight the need for targeted academic coaching and equitable support programs in public education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Cheah , Kimberley Kong , Jean Anne Heng , Katharina Ereky-Stevens , Iram Siraj
{"title":"Assessing school readiness domains in a large cohort of refugee children: Validation and links with family factors","authors":"Alexandra Cheah , Kimberley Kong , Jean Anne Heng , Katharina Ereky-Stevens , Iram Siraj","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the growing global presence of refugee populations, few validated tools exist to assess early learning and development in these contexts. This study examined the use of the International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) with a large sample of 1033 refugee children aged 4–6 years living in Malaysia, a non-resettlement, low- to middle-income country. Using Rasch modelling, we evaluated the psychometric properties of IDELA and found strong person and item reliability, acceptable item fit, and good evidence of unidimensionality, although some item redundancy was observed. Further, children's school readiness scores were significantly associated with child gender and age, as well as maternal and paternal demographic characteristics (age, education, literacy), but not father employment or occupation type. These findings provide preliminary validation for IDELA’s use in refugee settings and underscore its potential as a culturally adaptable, low-cost tool for assessing development in underserved populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construct validity of a mixed-worded mathematics confidence scale: Relations with mathematics achievement in TIMSS 2019","authors":"Lena Asp","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the construct validity of the mathematics confidence scale in the Swedish TIMSS 2019 fourth-grade data, addressing a methodological gap in educational effectiveness research, conducting secondary analyses of international large-scale assessments (ILSAs). Previous research has operationalised the mathematics confidence construct in various ways. Although ISLA data provide robust measures, self-report scales require validation for method effects and linguistic equivalence across cultures. Using confirmatory factor analysis and bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling, this study examined the factorial structure and translation equivalence of the mathematics confidence scale to validate its operationalisation for further analyses. Results indicated method effects associated with mixed-worded items, suggesting that linguistic complexity may compromise validity. Structural equation models confirmed a significant relationship between mathematics confidence and achievement, yet model fit, and strength of relationships varied across operationalisations. The findings underscore the importance of construct validation in ILSA-based secondary analyses and call for greater attention to translation equivalence and item wording.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing a basic eligibility test for tertiary education – Conceptual and methodological challenges","authors":"Gudrun Erickson , Frank Bach , Jan-Eric Gustafsson , Jörgen Tholin","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article discusses the recent development of a national basic eligibility test for tertiary education in Sweden. The test is aimed for individuals who, for various reasons, lack documented eligibility. The lower age limit for the test is 24, and only one cut-score is provided, for a Pass. The construct, as well as the collaborative test development process, including active participation of test-takers, are described. Furthermore, the structure of the proposed test is presented, targeting subject-oriented and generic competences, and including anchor items between two large-scale trial rounds. Analyses, models and results from these rounds are evaluated and discussed. Following positive results regarding overall measurement quality and test-takers’ and other stakeholders’ opinions, the test is considered valid for its purpose to contribute to increased inclusion and diversity in Swedish tertiary education. Future studies, also from an international and comparative perspective, are planned, once the test is formally implemented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmoud Emam , Laila Z. Al-Salmi , Wafaa Mohammed Moawad Abd-El-Aal , Adel Hemdan
{"title":"Evaluating inclusive school practices: A multilevel analysis of teacher readiness, climate, and student outcomes","authors":"Mahmoud Emam , Laila Z. Al-Salmi , Wafaa Mohammed Moawad Abd-El-Aal , Adel Hemdan","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how teacher knowledge and attitudes toward inclusive education are associated with student outcomes, with inclusive school climate serving as a mediating mechanism. Drawing on data from 143 teachers and 2747 students across 31 Omani public schools, a multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) approach was used to assess cross-level effects. The findings reveal that both teacher knowledge and attitudes are associated with perceptions of inclusive school climate, which in turn is associated with student attitudes and experiences of inclusion. The study supports the view that that inclusive education is co-constructed across individual and institutional levels and underscores the pivotal role of school climate in linking teacher dispositions with student-level equity outcomes. Implications are discussed for teacher training, leadership development, and systemic reform in Oman and similar contexts. These results highlight the importance of building inclusive school environments that align teacher readiness with student inclusion, advancing equity-oriented educational practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The short- and long-term impact of teacher formal certification on students’ school outcomes: A propensity weighting approach","authors":"Kajsa Yang Hansen , Stefan Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Establishing a causal link between teachers’ formal certification and students’ academic achievement presents persistent methodological challenges. Although several studies have reported positive associations, many have been limited by weak designs, while those employing more rigorous methods have yielded mixed or null findings (e.g., Pontoppidan et al., 2018). This study applied a propensity score weighting approach to examine whether teacher certification causally influences students’ PIRLS reading achievement in Grade 4 and school outcomes in Grade 6 and 9 in Sweden. Integrated PIRLS 2016 and national register data was used. The findings suggested that teacher certification has a substantial impact on both short- and long-term development of students’ school outcomes, where differences in knowledge and assessment practices between certified and uncertified teachers may play a crucial role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking new ground in PE evaluation: A novel QFD-fuzzy TOPSIS fusion model for kindergarten curriculum quality assessment","authors":"Jing Ning , JIAWEI LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality of kindergarten curricula is fundamental to promoting the holistic development of young children. However, existing physical education (PE) curriculum evaluation systems often face challenges due to the strong subjectivity of evaluation criteria and insufficient methodological systematization. To address these limitations, this study introduces an innovative integrated model combining Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and the Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) for assessing the quality of kindergarten PE curricula. This framework first employs QFD to systematically identify and translate the curriculum needs of diverse stakeholders—including parents, teachers, and administrators—into precise, quantifiable evaluation indicators. Subsequently, the Fuzzy TOPSIS method is applied to process the evaluation data, aiming to enhance the comprehensiveness and objectivity of the assessment framework. Comprehensiveness is achieved through QFD's systematic translation of multi-stakeholder requirements, while objectivity is ensured by Fuzzy TOPSIS quantifying uncertainties inherent in the evaluation, supported by a hybrid weighting method combining subjective and objective elements. Empirical validation involving five representative kindergartens demonstrates that this model not only provides relatively scientific and accurate assessments of PE curriculum quality but also precisely identifies specific strengths and weaknesses of the curricula, thereby generating actionable recommendations for improvement. Through this pioneering approach, this study contributes to advancing early childhood PE curriculum evaluation practices and provides support for enhancing the quality standards of kindergarten PE curricula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overrepresentation of female teachers in secondary education and gender achievement gaps in PISA 2022","authors":"Hans Luyten","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the association between the gender composition of the teaching profession and gender achievement gaps across countries. It explores to what extent girls outperform boys in countries with a higher percentage of female teachers in secondary education. Using PISA 2022 data on 15-year-olds’ performance in reading, mathematics, and science, combined with labor force statistics, the analysis reveals a pattern in which gender achievement gaps covary with the degree of overrepresentation of female teachers relative to the proportion of women in the labor force. In countries where this overrepresentation is more pronounced, girls tend to show greater academic advantages over boys. This pattern appears to reflect broader societal dynamics not captured by studies focusing on classroom environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI and human scoring for postgraduate writing: Evaluating score reliability, variability, and rater behaviours","authors":"Turgay Han , Ying Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the reliability and consistency of AutoMarkGPT, a customized version of ChatGPT-4.0, in scoring postgraduate writing assignments across multiple time intervals. While Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) tools and AI models are increasingly utilized in educational contexts, prior research has largely relied on standard models and one-time scoring sessions. Addressing this gap, the study compares AutoMarkGPT’s performance with that of four human raters who assessed the same 97 assignments. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the research integrates quantitative analysis, including t-tests, correlations, and Many-Facet Rasch Measurement via Facets, with qualitative data from post-rating interviews. Results reveal that AutoMarkGPT provided more consistent and generally higher scores than human raters, who demonstrated stricter grading and greater variability due to subjective factors, such as rubric interpretation and professional background. However, AI showed mild fluctuations in scores over time. Findings suggest that blending AI and human input could enhance assessment reliability, provided continuous rater training is ensured.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47539,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Educational Evaluation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}