Evolutionary Psychology最新文献_第2页

Sex Differences in the Etiology of Victimization in Adulthood. 成年后受害原因的性别差异。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241267950

Bridget Joyner-Carpanini, Kevin M Beaver

引用次数: 0

Autoimmune Hashimoto's Disease and Feminization Level-Testing the Immunocompetence Hypothesis. 自身免疫性桥本氏病与女性化水平--检验免疫能力假说。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241259187

Malwina Goździk, Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz, Judyta Nowak-Kornicka, Katarzyna Pawłowska-Seredyńska, Wioleta Umławska, Bogusław Pawłowski

{"title":"Autoimmune Hashimoto's Disease and Feminization Level-Testing the Immunocompetence Hypothesis.","authors":"Malwina Goździk, Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz, Judyta Nowak-Kornicka, Katarzyna Pawłowska-Seredyńska, Wioleta Umławska, Bogusław Pawłowski","doi":"10.1177/14747049241259187","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241259187","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological femininity depends mainly on estrogen levels at puberty and is perceived as a cue of a woman's biological condition. Due to the immunostimulant properties of estradiol, estradiol-dependent feminine traits are expected to be positively related to immunity. However, heightened immunity in women may increase the risk of autoimmune disease, thus the relationship between femininity and immune quality may be complex. This study aimed to assess the relationship between morphological femininity and both the occurrence and severity of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in women of reproductive age. Moreover, 95 women with HT and 84 without HT (all between 20 and 37 years) participated in the study. Morphological femininity was assessed based on somatic measurements of sexually dimorphic traits (2D:4D ratio, WHR, breast size, facial sexual dimorphism). The occurrence and severity of HT were assessed by serum TPOAb levels. The results showed that only the 2D:4D ratio of the right hand was higher in the HT group, indicating higher femininity in these women. However, there was also a positive relationship between facial femininity and TPOAb level in women with HT, indicating a higher severity of the disease. The results suggest that prenatal and pubertal exposure to estrogens may increase the probability or severity of autoimmune diseases in adulthood, but the relationship is tentative.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 3","pages":"14747049241259187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paternal Filicide in Sweden: Background, Risk Factors and the Cinderella Effect. 瑞典的弑父事件：背景、风险因素和灰姑娘效应。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241265623

Hans Temrin

{"title":"Paternal Filicide in Sweden: Background, Risk Factors and the Cinderella Effect.","authors":"Hans Temrin","doi":"10.1177/14747049241265623","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241265623","url":null,"abstract":"An overrepresentation of stepchildren as victims of filicide has been explained as a consequence of 'discriminative parental solicitude'. The idea being that Darwinian selection has favoured parental love and concern only for biological children, and when such parental feelings are absent, as in stepparents, conflicts with a child could easier escalate to lethal violence. An alternative explanation for this overrepresentation of stepchildren is that risk factors for filicide, such as criminal behaviour and mental health problems, are more prevalent in stepparents. This study focused on paternal filicide in Sweden and investigated (i) if stepchildren are overrepresented as victims of filicide compared with biological children, (ii) if filicides are committed in a context that implies a 'conflict with the child victim' and (iii) if stepfathers and biological fathers differ in characteristics associated with filicide risk. The analyses showed that stepchildren were overrepresented as victims compared with children of fathers in families with two biological parents and this overrepresentation was even higher in young children. Children of single biological fathers and children of non-residential biological fathers were also overrepresented as victims of filicide. Less than 20 percent of the filicides were committed in the context of a 'conflict with the child' and in these cases only stepchildren were overrepresented as victims. In the population at large, both stepfathers and single biological fathers had higher rates of mental health problems, violent criminality and illegal possession of drugs compared with fathers in families with two biological parents.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 3","pages":"14747049241265623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11359440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

International Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of Assortative Mating for Educational Attainment. 国际跨时空教育成就 "畸配 "元分析》（International Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of Assortative Mating for Educational Attainment）。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241249072

Sebastian Jensen, Emil Kirkegaard

{"title":"International Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of Assortative Mating for Educational Attainment.","authors":"Sebastian Jensen, Emil Kirkegaard","doi":"10.1177/14747049241249072","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241249072","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have found a high degree of assortative mating for educational attainment (r = .56). However, this can be confounded by cohort effects or country effects, where certain nations may have more pronounced assortative mating than others. In addition, method variance regarding how educational attainment is measured may also result in heterogeneity of effect sizes. Effect sizes were gathered from various datasets and from academic literature, resulting in a large collection of effect sizes (k = 1498, n = 9,159,098), spanning 84 different countries. Assortative mating for educational attainment was stronger than what previous literature suggested (r = .66, [.64, .68]), largely due to the fact that assortative mating for educational attainment is stronger when latent methods are used. The strongest predictors of assortative mating for education between countries were individualism (r = -.61, p < .001) and HDI (r = -.56, p < .001). Assortative mating over time was found to vary by region. Capitalist Europe experienced an increase in assortative mating for education, while Communist Europe experienced a decrease. The United States had a non-linear trend in assortative mating for educational attainment, as it decreased from 1875 to 1926, increased from 1926 to 1945, decreased from 1945 to 1958, increased from 1958 to 1977, and decreased from 1977 onwards.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"14747049241249072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11146041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-evaluating the Role of Partnership-Related Perceptions in Women's Preferences for Men with Masculine Face Shapes. 重新评估与伴侣关系相关的观念在女性偏好男性阳刚脸型中的作用。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241262712

Junzhi Dong, Kathlyne Leger, Anthony J Lee, Yasaman Rafiee, Benedict C Jones, Victor K M Shiramizu

{"title":"Re-evaluating the Role of Partnership-Related Perceptions in Women's Preferences for Men with Masculine Face Shapes.","authors":"Junzhi Dong, Kathlyne Leger, Anthony J Lee, Yasaman Rafiee, Benedict C Jones, Victor K M Shiramizu","doi":"10.1177/14747049241262712","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241262712","url":null,"abstract":"Many researchers have proposed that women perceive men with masculine face shapes to be less suitable as parents and long-term partners than men with feminine face shapes, causing women to find masculine men more attractive for short-term than long-term relationships. However, recent work shows that results obtained using the type of experimentally manipulated stimuli that were employed in studies presenting evidence for these claims are not necessarily observed when natural (i.e., unmanipulated) face stimuli were used to suggest that the evidence for these claims may need to be revaluated. Consequently, we tested for possible relationships between ratings of natural male faces for parenting- and relationship-related traits and shape masculinity (Study 1) and also tested whether women's preferences for shape masculinity were stronger when natural male faces were rated for short-term relationships than when natural male faces were rated for long-term relationships (Studies 2 and 3). We saw no evidence for either of these predictions, instead finding that men with more attractive faces were perceived to be better parents and better long-term partners. Thus, our findings do not support the widely held view that masculine men are more attractive for short-term relationships because they are perceived to be unlikely to invest time and effort in their romantic partners and offspring.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"14747049241262712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11184995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deciding Who Is Worthy of Help: Effect of the Probability of Reciprocity on Individuals' Willingness to Help Others. 决定谁值得帮助：互惠概率对个人帮助他人意愿的影响。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241254725

Ryo Oda, Natsuki Hayashi

{"title":"Deciding Who Is Worthy of Help: Effect of the Probability of Reciprocity on Individuals' Willingness to Help Others.","authors":"Ryo Oda, Natsuki Hayashi","doi":"10.1177/14747049241254725","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241254725","url":null,"abstract":"In order to explain helping strangers in need in terms of reciprocal altruism, it is necessary to ensure that the help is reciprocated and that the costs of helping are thus compensated. Competence and willingness to make sacrifices for the benefactor of the person being helped are important cues for ensuring a return on help because reciprocity would not be possible if the person being helped had neither the competence nor the inclination to give back in the future. In this study, we used vignettes and manipulated the cause of suffering strangers' difficulties and prosociality to investigate participants' compassion for and willingness to help the stranger. In Study 1, we measured willingness to help by using hypothetical helping behaviors that were designed to vary in cost. In Study 2, we measured willingness to help by using the checkbox method in which participants were asked to sequentially check 10 × 10 checkboxes on a webpage, which asked the participants to pay a small but real cost. In both studies, the controllability of the cause and the prosociality were found to independently affect compassion. These two factors also independently affected willingness to help, as measured by both the hypothetical questions and the checkbox method. We consequently discussed the reasons for the independent processing of the competence and behavioral tendency cues.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"14747049241254725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11138187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terrorism as Coalitional Predation: Explaining Definitional Ambiguities and Precautionary Responses. 作为联盟掠夺的恐怖主义：解释定义的模糊性和预防性反应。

IF 1.1 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241263995

Michael Moncrieff

{"title":"Terrorism as Coalitional Predation: Explaining Definitional Ambiguities and Precautionary Responses.","authors":"Michael Moncrieff","doi":"10.1177/14747049241263995","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241263995","url":null,"abstract":"Terrorism continues to be an enigmatic and contested concept, lacking a universally accepted definition despite extensive scholarly debate. Lay intuitions, however, demonstrate a notable convergence in identifying acts as \"terrorism\" when specific situational features are present, such as indiscriminate violence and out-group perpetration. These features elicit predictable and robust precautionary responses, raising the question: Is there a unified and parsimonious explanation for these phenomena? It is hypothesized that a situational template exists in the human mind, the coalitional predation template (CPT), which evolved not to detect modern-day terrorism, per se, but to identify and respond to situations of predatory coalitional conflict. The paper examines the potential cues and mechanisms that constitute the psychological systems activated by such threats, suggesting that matching the input cues of the CPT triggers well-documented precautionary responses to terrorism. However, this cue-based system may not align neatly with contemporary threats, leading to disproportionate responses to some threats while underestimating others. The model also posits that interpretations of violence can vary due to incomplete cues and the social position of the evaluator, leading to public disagreements and inconsistencies in defining terrorism. Consequently, arriving at an unambiguous and widely accepted definition of terrorism may not be possible. The model presented may account for a range of phenomena, including the inclination towards attributing mental illness to particular violent incidents and the uncanny surface similarities between terrorism and war crimes. The findings have significant implications for both the theoretical understanding of terrorism and practical policy responses.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"14747049241263995"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reasoning More Efficiently with Primary Knowledge Despite Extraneous Cognitive Load. 尽管有外来认知负荷，但利用初级知识推理的效率更高

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241252694

Florence Lespiau, André Tricot

{"title":"Reasoning More Efficiently with Primary Knowledge Despite Extraneous Cognitive Load.","authors":"Florence Lespiau, André Tricot","doi":"10.1177/14747049241252694","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241252694","url":null,"abstract":"Geary's evolutionary approach in educational psychology differentiates between primary (low cognitive costs and motivational advantage) and secondary knowledge (high cognitive costs and no motivational benefit). Although these features have been well demonstrated in previous work, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate it, in a reasoning task, the present study varies (i) the content of the problems (primary knowledge vs. secondary; e.g., food vs. grammar rules), (ii) the intrinsic cognitive load (conflict or non-conflict syllogism, the former requiring more cognitive resources to be properly processed than the latter) and (iii) the extraneous cognitive load (via a Dot Memory Task with three modalities: low, medium and high cognitive load). Analyses assessed the influence of these variables on performance, problem solving speed and perceived cognitive load. Results confirmed the positive impact of primary knowledge on efficiency, particularly when intrinsic cognitive load was high. Surprisingly, the extraneous cognitive load did not influence the performance in secondary knowledge content but that in primary knowledge content: the higher the additional load was, the better the performance was, only for primary knowledge and especially for syllogisms with high intrinsic load. Findings support evolutionary theory as secondary knowledge would overload cognitive resources, preventing participants from allocating sufficient resources to solve problems. Primary knowledge would allow participants to process the additional load and to increase their performance despite this. This study also raises the hypothesis that a minimum cognitive load is necessary for participants to be invested in the task.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"14747049241252694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11155337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The General Factor of Environmental Sensitivity: Relationships with the General Factor of Personality. 环境敏感性的一般因素：环境敏感性一般因子：与人格一般因子的关系。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241254727

Shuhei Iimura, Kosuke Yano

{"title":"The General Factor of Environmental Sensitivity: Relationships with the General Factor of Personality.","authors":"Shuhei Iimura, Kosuke Yano","doi":"10.1177/14747049241254727","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241254727","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental sensitivity is a meta-concept that describes individual differences in susceptibility to both positive and negative environmental influences and has been repeatedly reported to correlate with other established personality traits, including the Big Five. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the general factor of environmental sensitivity (GFS) and the general factor of personality (GFP). A total of 1,046 adult participants (52% female; Mage = 45.15, SDage = 12.70) completed a self-report psychological questionnaire on an online form. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that GFS had a strong negative correlation with GFP (r = -.41, 95% CI [-.52, -.30], p < .001). Focusing on the relationship with the Big Five, individuals with higher environmental sensitivity were emotionally unstable and introverted. The trait of environmental sensitivity may be described not only in relation to the Big Five but also in relation to GFP, which is assumed to be an indicator of social effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"14747049241254727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11119410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First They Scream, Then They Laugh: The Cognitive Intersections of Humor and Fear. 他们先是尖叫，然后大笑：幽默与恐惧的认知交集》。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241258355

Marc Hye-Knudsen, Jens Kjeldgaard-Christiansen, Brian B Boutwell, Mathias Clasen

{"title":"First They Scream, Then They Laugh: The Cognitive Intersections of Humor and Fear.","authors":"Marc Hye-Knudsen, Jens Kjeldgaard-Christiansen, Brian B Boutwell, Mathias Clasen","doi":"10.1177/14747049241258355","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14747049241258355","url":null,"abstract":"On the surface, fear and humor seem like polar opposite states of mind, yet throughout our lives they continually interact. In this paper, we synthesize neurobiological, psychological, and evolutionary research on fear and humor, arguing that the two are deeply connected. The evolutionary origins of humor reside in play, a medium through which animals benignly explore situations and practice strategies, such as fight or flight, which would normally be accompanied by fear. Cognitively, humor retains the structure of play. Adopting a view of humor as requiring two appraisals, a violation appraisal and a benign appraisal, we describe how fear-inducing stimuli can be rendered benignly humorous through contextual cues, psychological distance, reframing, and cognitive reappraisal. The antagonistic relationship between humor and fear in terms of their neurochemistry and physiological effects in turn makes humor ideal for managing fear in many circumstances. We review five real-world examples of humor and fear intersecting, presenting new data in support of our account along the way. Finally, we discuss the possible therapeutic relevance of the deep connection between humor and fear.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"22 2","pages":"14747049241258355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11155347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0