Evolutionary Psychology最新文献_第10页

Revisiting the Red Effect on Attractiveness and Sexual Receptivity 重新审视红色对吸引力和性接受的影响

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916673841

Leonard S. Peperkoorn, Susan C. Roberts, T. Pollet

引用次数: 91

Incorporating Development Into Evolutionary Psychology 将发展融入进化心理学

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916670166

D. Bjorklund

{"title":"Incorporating Development Into Evolutionary Psychology","authors":"D. Bjorklund","doi":"10.1177/1474704916670166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916670166","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental thinking is gradually becoming integrated within mainstream evolutionary psychology. This is most apparent with respect to the role of parenting, with proponents of life history theory arguing that cognitive and behavioral plasticity early in life permits children to select different life history strategies, with such strategies being adaptive solutions to different fitness trade-offs. I argue that adaptations develop and are based on the highly plastic nature of infants’ and children’s behavior/cognition/brains. The concept of evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms is introduced, defined as information processing mechanisms evolved to solve recurrent problems faced by ancestral populations that are expressed in a probabilistic fashion in each individual in a generation and are based on the continuous and bidirectional interaction over time at all levels of organization, from the genetic through the cultural. Early perceptual/cognitive biases result in behavior that, when occurring in a species-typical environment, produce continuous adaptive changes in behavior (and cognition), yielding adaptive outcomes. Examples from social learning and tool use are provided, illustrating the development of adaptations via evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms. The integration of developmental concepts into mainstream evolutionary psychology (and evolutionary concepts into mainstream developmental psychology) will provide a clearer picture of what it means to be human.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1474704916670166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65789829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Effects of Eye Images and Norm Cues on Charitable Donation 眼睛图像和规范线索对慈善捐赠的影响

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916668874

R. Oda, Ryota Ichihashi

{"title":"Effects of Eye Images and Norm Cues on Charitable Donation","authors":"R. Oda, Ryota Ichihashi","doi":"10.1177/1474704916668874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916668874","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory and field experiments have shown that people are more likely to be prosocial in the presence of watching eyes images. This “watching eyes effect” may be explained by the reputation-based partner choice model or a norm-compliance model suggesting that eye images elicit conformity to locally specific behavioral norms. A previous laboratory study that investigated the effects of local norms on charitable donations by using watching eye images and manipulating money visible in a collection box found that the presence of eye images significantly increased overall donations; however, the images did not make people more likely to conform to the apparent local norm. Here, we report the results of a field study examining the effects of watching eyes and the amount of money in transparent collection boxes on charitable giving in an izakaya (a Japanese-style tavern) setting. Contrary to the previous study, we found that the amount donated increased more under the large- than the small-norm treatment. The presence of eye images increased the overall amount donated but was more salient under the small-norm treatment. We found that participants were more likely to increase the amount of money in the box than to conform to the local norm of a small donation when the eye images were present. The results of this study suggest that an appropriate combination of eye images and normative information can alter people’s behavior without changing their economic incentives.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1474704916668874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65789731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Offspring Protection 后代保护

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916662285

Eric T. Steiner

引用次数: 1

The Relation of Toxoplasma Infection and Sexual Attraction to Fear, Danger, Pain, and Submissiveness 弓形虫感染和性吸引与恐惧、危险、疼痛和顺从的关系

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916659746

J. Flegr, Radim Kuba

{"title":"The Relation of Toxoplasma Infection and Sexual Attraction to Fear, Danger, Pain, and Submissiveness","authors":"J. Flegr, Radim Kuba","doi":"10.1177/1474704916659746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916659746","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral patterns, including sexual behavioral patterns, are usually understood as biological adaptations increasing the fitness of their carriers. Many parasites, so-called manipulators, are known to induce changes in the behavior of their hosts to increase their own fitness. Such changes are also induced by a parasite of cats, Toxoplasma gondii. The most remarkable change is the fatal attraction phenomenon, the switch of infected mice’s and rat’s native fear of the smell of cats toward an attraction to this smell. The stimuli that activate fear-related circuits in healthy rodents start to also activate sex-related circuits in the infected animals. An analogy of the fatal attraction phenomenon has also been observed in infected humans. Therefore, we tried to test a hypothesis that sexual arousal by fear-, violence-, and danger-related stimuli occurs more frequently in Toxoplasma-infected subjects. A cross-sectional cohort study performed on 36,564 subjects (5,087 Toxoplasma free and 741 Toxoplasma infected) showed that infected and noninfected subjects differ in their sexual behavior, fantasies, and preferences when age, health, and the size of the place where they spent childhood were controlled (F(24, 3719) = 2.800, p < .0001). In agreement with our a priori hypothesis, infected subjects are more often aroused by their own fear, danger, and sexual submission although they practice more conventional sexual activities than Toxoplasma-free subjects. We suggest that the later changes can be related to a decrease in the personality trait of novelty seeking in infected subjects, which is potentially a side effect of increased concentration of dopamine in their brain.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1474704916659746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65789957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Consumer Neoteny 消费者性早熟

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916661825

Mathieu Alemany Oliver

引用次数: 5

Life History Theory and Exploitative Strategies 生活史理论与开发策略

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-07-14 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916659483

Joshua J. Reynolds, Sean M. McCrea

引用次数: 3

Perception of Gay Men as Defectors and Commitment to Group Defense Predict Aggressive Homophobia 将男同性恋视为叛逃者和对群体防御的承诺预测攻击性同性恋恐惧症

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916657833

Florian van Leeuwen, Helena Miton, R. Firat, P. Boyer

{"title":"Perception of Gay Men as Defectors and Commitment to Group Defense Predict Aggressive Homophobia","authors":"Florian van Leeuwen, Helena Miton, R. Firat, P. Boyer","doi":"10.1177/1474704916657833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916657833","url":null,"abstract":"Homophobia encompasses a variety of attitudes and behaviors with distinct causal paths. We focus on aggressive homophobia, a propensity to feel anger and express aggression toward gay men. We investigated the conjecture that homosexual males might be seen, in recent Western cultures, as defectors from collective group defense. We predicted that consistent with a functional motive to punish and deter free riding, the perception of gay men as defectors would motivate aggression toward gay men. We also predicted that individuals with greater commitment to group defense might show more aggressive homophobia (as these individuals have more to lose from the defection than individuals who are not committed to group defense). Study 1 showed that aggressive homophobia correlated positively with the tendency to implicitly associate gay men with defection from group defense. Study 2 showed that a tendency to punish homosexual males for a theft correlated positively with commitment to group defense. The findings suggest that coalitional psychology might contribute to explaining the existence and quality of certain kinds of social stigma.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1474704916657833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65789492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Who Punishes? The Status of the Punishers Affects the Perceived Success of, and Indirect Benefits From, “Moralistic” Punishment 惩罚谁?惩罚者的地位影响“道德”惩罚的感知成功和间接收益

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916658042

D. Gordon, S. Lea

{"title":"Who Punishes? The Status of the Punishers Affects the Perceived Success of, and Indirect Benefits From, “Moralistic” Punishment","authors":"D. Gordon, S. Lea","doi":"10.1177/1474704916658042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916658042","url":null,"abstract":"“Moralistic” punishment of free riders can provide a beneficial reputation, but the immediate behavior is costly to the punisher. In Study 1, we investigated whether variation in status would be perceived to offset or mitigate the costs of punishment. One hundred and nineteen participants were presented with a vignette describing a punishment scenario. Participants predicted whether punishment would occur, how successful it would be, and indicated their attitude to the punisher. Participants believed only intervention by a high-status (HS) individual would be successful and that low-status (LS) individuals would not intervene at all. HS individuals predicted to punish successfully were seen as more formidable and likable. Study 2 investigated whether punishment was necessary to maintain an HS position. One hundred and seventeen participants were presented with a vignette describing a punishment scenario. Participants were asked to indicate whether they wished to be led by the punisher. HS individuals who did not punish were less likely to be chosen as leaders compared to HS punishers, whereas LS individuals who punished were no more or less likely to be chosen than nonpunishers. The results of both studies suggest that only HS individuals are expected to punish, likely because such a position offsets some of the costs of punishment. As a result, only HS individual can access the reputation benefits from punishment. Furthermore, an HS position may be dependent on the willingness to punish antisocial behavior. The ramifications that these results may have for the evolution of moralistic punishment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1474704916658042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65789575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

On the Borders of Harmful and Helpful Beauty Biases 论有害与有益的审美偏见的边界

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Evolutionary Psychology Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916653968

M. Agthe, Maria Strobel, M. Spörrle, Michaela Pfundmair, J. Maner

{"title":"On the Borders of Harmful and Helpful Beauty Biases","authors":"M. Agthe, Maria Strobel, M. Spörrle, Michaela Pfundmair, J. Maner","doi":"10.1177/1474704916653968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916653968","url":null,"abstract":"Research with European Caucasian samples demonstrates that attractiveness-based biases in social evaluation depend on the constellation of the sex of the evaluator and the sex of the target: Whereas people generally show positive biases toward attractive opposite-sex persons, they show less positive or even negative biases toward attractive same-sex persons. By examining these biases both within and between different ethnicities, the current studies provide new evidence for both the generalizability and the specificity of these attractiveness-based social perception biases. Examining within-ethnicity effects, Study 1 is the first to demonstrate that samples from diverse ethnic backgrounds parallel the finding of European Caucasian samples: The advantageous or adverse effects of attractiveness depend on the gender constellation of the evaluator and the evaluated person. Examining between-ethnicity effects, Study 2 found that these attractiveness-based biases emerge almost exclusively toward targets of the evaluator’s own ethnic background; these biases were reduced or eliminated for cross-ethnicity evaluations and interaction intentions. We discuss these findings in light of evolutionary principles and reflect on potential interactions between culture and evolved cognitive mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":47499,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1474704916653968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65789428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19