International Journal of the History of Sport最新文献

{"title":"Independent Olympic Athletes and the Legitimacy of the International Olympic Committee in Resolving International Conflicts","authors":"Tiago Del Tedesco Guioti, Mauro Cardoso Simões, Eliana de Toledo","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2017.1294581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1294581","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the last three centuries (nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first) humanity has been facing huge political and ideological conflicts, especially wars. For these reasons, it was seen how necessary it was to create global institutions that aimed to promote peace and reduce or stop conflicts of this magnitude. Therefore, an international institution had already brought on its premises the principles of international peace and reconciliation through sport: the International Olympic Committee (IOC). However, despite bringing together nations around peaceful ties in an international competition, the IOC and the Olympic Games event have always been affected by constant conflicts along their path in the twentieth century, emphasizing issues involving nationalities. Thereby, in a mediator posture of international conflicts and in an effort to reduce the subversions that surrounded it, the IOC, in the 1990s, created the delegation of Independent Olympic Athletes. Such a delegation consists of athletes who cannot represent their respective nationalities at the Olympics due to political factors and/or armament conflicts. This proposal of the IOC demonstrates its posture to avoid, minimize, and even cease ideological and political events that might interfere with the Olympics Games or the athletes participating in them.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2017.1294581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60078114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening Ceremonies of International Sports Events: The Other Face of Chinese Soft Power","authors":"Daniel Ricardo Lemus Delgado","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2016.1159200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2016.1159200","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between the opening ceremonies of international sports events and the building of a positive image of China. To do so, we draw on the concept of soft power, which establishes that one way in which states seek to achieve their goals in the international arena is through attraction rather than coercion. From this perspective, the construction of promedia images is one of the privileged means to deploy soft power. Thus, this paper examines the favourable projection of China’s image at inaugural ceremonies of international sports events. These images show China as a country heir to a millenary past and brilliant civilization, which aims to assist in the construction of a better future. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of these events in the construction of a collective imaginary about what government elites establish regarding what China is and should be on the international stage.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2016.1159200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60077985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Una Antorcha de Esperanza: Mexico and the 1955 Pan-American Games","authors":"David J. Wysocki Quiros","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2015.1124860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1124860","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While most equate Mexican Olympism with the 1968 Olympic Games, few know the drama of the event that laid its groundwork. From the creation of the Ministry of Public Education in 1921, cultural and military leaders heavily invested in sports infrastructure to help regenerate its rural masses, but by the 1940s, post-war modernizers sought the hosting of large international athletic events to boost its prestige, foment national pride, and prove to the world it was ready to springboard into modernity. This paper recounts the triumphs, betrayals, corruption, and politics of Pan-American sport and the Olympic movement in Mexico in the 1940s and 1950s that culminated in the improbable success of the 1955 Mexico City Pan-American Games.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2015.1124860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60077979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animation, Sport and Culture","authors":"C. Richard King","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2015.1077571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1077571","url":null,"abstract":"Phillies under Pat Gillick, the team’s general manager from 2006 to 2008. Mentioned previously in connection with his success with the Blue Jays, Orioles, and the Mariners, ‘Pat Gillick showed [with the Phillies] that he did not need to aggressively embrace analytics, even in the twenty-first century’. This assertion rings true only within the narrow time frame of the 2008 World Series victory; the Phillies and their continuing aversion to modern analytics have left Philadelphia fans in baseball purgatory. The Phillies, despite their earlier success and supposed organizational superiority, have yet to notch more than 81 wins in a season since 2011 and currently rank twenty-first in organization talent. In Pursuit of Pennants’s main contribution is inviting the reader, and the baseball community at large, to examine our understanding of organizational success. Armour and Levitt have expertly woven stories, history, and statistics (though mainly traditional ones) into a coherent narrative that tracks the evolution of the front office through the modern era. As this narrative continues to develop, the reader is provided multiple opportunities to evaluate the traditional barometers of success – pennants and World Series titles – and their relevance in an increasingly corporatized sport. When used in conjunction with proanalytics resources such as Baseball Prospectus, Grantland, and FanGraphs, the book becomes a powerful tool in analyzing the ability of any modern baseball organization. In this way, the book epitomizes its thesis about the modern age – that only those able to synthesize the traditional approach with the emerging analytics will be able to maintain success.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2015.1077571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60077972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Victor's Crown: How the Birth of the Olympics and the Rise of the Roman Games Changed Sport for Ever","authors":"Fernando García Romero","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2015.1043070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1043070","url":null,"abstract":"introduction of the volley, and the vehement opposition to the initial implementation of the lob. Lake skilfully evaluates how these seemingly innocuous ‘new’ types of play sat within, whilst also helping to (re)produce, the broader contexts of: amateurism versus professionalism, the ‘place’ and ‘role’ of women within the sport, and the levels of etiquette considered synonymous with the social elite. The foremost strength here, aside from the broad scope and extensive research, was the critical, sociological edge to the writing. Shining through each chapter was the genuine desire to highlight social issues throughout the history of tennis, whilst evoking comparisons with contemporary manifestations and seeking to challenge the authorities, hoping for change. Indicative of this was the ongoing analysis of the persistent elitist ideology, which continues to shape participation and talent development in tennis, or, for a more specific example, the treatment and public perception of Althea Gibson during the 1950s (Chapter 15), which instantly called to mind the lamentably similar treatment and perception of Serena Williams more than 50 years later. The countless similar examples throughout the text represent the paradox found in so many of Britain’s popular sporting pastimes; the heritage and tradition intertwined with the outdated views and long-standing, discriminating practices. This highlights how the book is not just painting a picture, there is a serious rationale behind many of the arguments constructed; which is epitomized by the parting shot in the conclusion aimed towards the tennis authorities, not least the Lawn Tennis Association, regarding their policies, specifically concerning their lack of action relating to many pertinent social and cultural problems that endure within the sport. Whilst tennis has had ample attention in sports history literature, there has remained a conspicuous absence of such a sustained, comprehensive volume on tennis. There is now an essential account for anyone considering embarking on a study on tennis. Also, anyone giving serious consideration to issues of gender, class, or ethnicity in Britain’s social history will also benefit from this work, and find the vivid examples and fervent discussions within the tennis context valuable. These elements all helped to capture the imagination and retain the attention, which made for a genuinely gratifying read. There is no jargon or dwelling on unnecessary detail; so the book remains suitable for any reader and will engross the historian, the sociologist, and the tennis enthusiast equally.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2015.1043070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60077964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bodyline, the British World and the Evolution of an Australian National Identity","authors":"Jared van Duinen","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2014.952722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.952722","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the historiographical debate concerning the nature and evolution of an Australian national identity. It does so through the case study of cricket and, in particular, cricketing relations with Britain. It argues that the movement of cultural traffic – that is the two-way transmission of people, ideas and sports – between metropole and colony was central to the formation, definition and evolution of an Australian cricketing identity. Furthermore, it suggests that this sporting national identity acted as a rehearsal for a broader Australian identity.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2014.952722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60078393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running: A Global History","authors":"P. David Howe","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2014.887640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.887640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2014.887640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60078262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Football, Masculinities and Health on the Gaza Strip","authors":"Gerd von der Lippe","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2014.944343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.944343","url":null,"abstract":"This analysis is built on two questions: first, what discourses of a masculinity of resistance maintaining a sense of normality under abnormal conditions are drawn from the interviews of the footballers referred to in this article, and second, to what extent is football experienced as and felt to be a ‘free space of health’ for the Gaza players in a context of war and blockade and in relation to the situation before 2007. To answer these questions, the author interviewed, during July 2011, male athletes, coaches and managers in nine football clubs in Khan Younis and Gaza City. She also conducted 18 qualitative interviews during November 2011 with footballers in the two top Gaza leagues in Rafah, Khan Younis, Gaza City and Shati Prison Camp.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2014.944343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60078341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘We Have Persons with a Passion for Both the Sea and the Land’: The First Representations of Sport in the Brazilian Press (Rio de Janeiro; 1851–1855)","authors":"V. A. de Melo","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2013.855722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2013.855722","url":null,"abstract":"Just as occurred in various countries, the British were responsible for the initial moments of the practice of sport in Brazil. Back in the first decades of the nineteenth century, in the capital, Rio de Janeiro, the first events were held, especially horse races. In fact, despite the importance of these pioneering initiatives, it was only as of the transition from the 1840s to the 1850s that the field of sport began to be definitively delineated in the capital, the occurrence having been published by the press, especially by chroniclers, who kept a watchful eye on how the city was rapidly changing. Taking these initial considerations into account, the aim of this article was to discuss the presence of sport in Rio de Janeiro, as of the early years of the second half of the nineteenth century (1851–1855), based on the representations of three pioneers of Brazilian chronicling: José Maria Paranhos, Francisco Otaviano and José de Alencar. The chronicles by Francisco Picot and Justiniano da Rocha were also used, as they followed up on the series by the first two chroniclers above.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2013.855722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60077957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Establishment of the Qatar National Olympic Committee: Building the National Sport Identity","authors":"Luis Henrique Rolim Silva","doi":"10.1080/09523367.2013.878136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2013.878136","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the process of the establishment of the Qatar National Olympic Committee (QOC) in the late 1970s as part of a nation-building process. Qatar was one of the British protectorates in the Gulf region having its international relations controlled by Britain. On September 3, 1971, the country's Heir Apparent appeared on local TV and announced Qatar's independence. In the following years, the new Amir started a campaign of nation-building. Sport played an important part in this campaign, facilitating the formation of a national identity. Meanwhile, sports federations in Qatar began to apply for membership of their respective International Federations (IFs). In order to send athletes to the Olympics, the QOC was established in 1979 and it was recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1980. The primary written sources used in this paper are official documents from the IOC, the IFs and the Official Gazette of the State of Qatar. The establishment of the QOC can be seen as part of the process of nation-building experienced by Qatar after its independence. International sports events were used to win international recognition, and investments in infrastructure, sports facilities and elite sport were seen by the Qatar government as an important approach to boost the country's international representation. However, in order to join the Olympic movement and raise Qatar's national flag at international sporting events, the QOC had to revise its Constitution to meet all the requirements of the IOC.","PeriodicalId":47491,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the History of Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09523367.2013.878136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60078119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}