Studies in Comparative International Development最新文献_第3页

Civil Society Under Attack: The Consequences for Horizontal Accountability Institutions 受到攻击的公民社会：横向问责机构的后果

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09423-x

Hannah Smidt, Jessica Johansson, Thomas Richter

{"title":"Civil Society Under Attack: The Consequences for Horizontal Accountability Institutions","authors":"Hannah Smidt, Jessica Johansson, Thomas Richter","doi":"10.1007/s12116-023-09423-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09423-x","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research shows that the activity of independent civil society organizations (CSOs) is an important ingredient of democratization and democratic consolidation. Yet, what happens when governments impose restrictions on CSO activity? This manuscript investigates how restrictions on CSOs affect the quality of horizontal accountability institutions like parliaments and courts. CSOs monitor and mobilize against violations of democratic norms. Thus, if governments impose restrictions on CSO activity, they may face fewer barriers (i.e., less scrutiny and criticism) to dismantling horizontal checks and balances. In addition, when restrictions prevent CSOs from supporting horizontal accountability institutions (e.g., with monitoring and expertise), the latter’s ability to control and constrain governments likely declines. Our large-N cross-country analysis supports this argument, suggesting that the imposition of restrictions on CSOs diminishes the quality of horizontal accountability institutions. We examine alternative explanations (i.e., prior autocratization trends and the authoritarian nature of governments) and offer qualitative evidence from Kenya and Turkey to illustrate the expected causal pathways. Our results imply that a crackdown on CSOs serves as a warning sign of deteriorating horizontal oversight.","PeriodicalId":47488,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Comparative International Development","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139658901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subnational Oil Resource Governance after the Commodity Boom: The Making and Limitations of Peru’s Closing Development Gaps Plan 商品繁荣后的国家以下各级石油资源治理：秘鲁缩小发展差距计划的制定与局限性

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09418-8

Moises Arce, Omar Awapara Franco, Roger Merino

{"title":"Subnational Oil Resource Governance after the Commodity Boom: The Making and Limitations of Peru’s Closing Development Gaps Plan","authors":"Moises Arce, Omar Awapara Franco, Roger Merino","doi":"10.1007/s12116-023-09418-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09418-8","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the growing global demand for minerals and new energy sources, governments in the Global South advance policy interventions to improve the unequal distribution of the cost and benefits of resource extraction. This paper explains the politics behind the implementation of the Closing Development Gaps (CDG) Plan, a new redistributive plan on behalf of Amazonian Indigenous peoples near the oil circuit in the Loreto region of Peru. It emphasizes the long-lasting impact of mobilizing strategies of indigenous organizations, which relayed critical information to policymakers about the claims both old and new of Indigenous peoples neighboring the oil circuit. It also draws attention to the permeability of state institutions, which allowed newer state agencies with distinct policy streams to advance new solutions to old problems. While the CDG Plan seeks to improve resource governance by focusing on infrastructure gaps (e.g., water and sanitation, electrification), it excludes the “political gaps” and the most contentious claims related to the environment that have moved Amazonian Indigenous peoples into struggle in recent years.","PeriodicalId":47488,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Comparative International Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between Regulation and Practice: Situated Pesticide Governance in Argentina 法规与实践之间：阿根廷的农药管理现状

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09422-y

Pablo Lapegna, Johana Kunin, Tomás Palmisano

{"title":"Between Regulation and Practice: Situated Pesticide Governance in Argentina","authors":"Pablo Lapegna, Johana Kunin, Tomás Palmisano","doi":"10.1007/s12116-023-09422-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09422-y","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1990s, agribusiness expansion in Argentina involved the exponential growth of pesticide use throughout the country. Pesticide exposure has become a widespread problem in rural areas and farming towns, but protests and conflicts about this issue are the exception rather than the norm. Why? Based on archival work, interviews, and ethnographic observations, in this paper, we scrutinize pesticide governance at the subnational scale to elucidate this puzzle, focusing on a) informal arrangements (face-to-face negotiations between pesticide users and people affected by them), b) juridical conflicts (lawsuits against farmers over exposure of people and crops to herbicides), and c) regulatory challenges (when rural populations and environmentalists push for local ordinances to curb pesticide exposure). We find that local cultural codes encourage informal agreements and that social inequalities prevent conflicts from arising in the public sphere. The interventions of social movements and civil society organizations (or lack thereof) and the mobilization of expertise also shape pesticide governance. Our analysis highlights that pesticide governance is context-dependent or situated, and informed by subtle but significant power asymmetries.","PeriodicalId":47488,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Comparative International Development","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development Elites, Impacted Communities, and Environmental Governance in Latin America 拉丁美洲的发展精英、受影响社区和环境治理

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09417-9

Moisés Arce, Maiah Jaskoski

{"title":"Development Elites, Impacted Communities, and Environmental Governance in Latin America","authors":"Moisés Arce, Maiah Jaskoski","doi":"10.1007/s12116-023-09417-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09417-9","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue examines environmental governance, conceptualized as environmental protections, support for sustainable development, and the regulation of large-scale development projects. Through analysis of dynamics during the commodities super-cycle of the 2000s–2010s, contributors explore the multifaceted ways that societal actors interact with the state to support, oppose, or modify environmental governance, with a focus on communities impacted by export activities and economic elites who favor their expansion. Several papers seek to understand the governance of sectors—mining, oil, and soy. Others begin with natural areas threatened by development—urban wetlands and forests. As a collection, the papers reveal three commonalities that affect the extent to which environmental governance institutions address demands of impacted communities: (1) the question of whether a policymaking process takes place in reaction to mobilizing, or whether it proactively engages environmental questions as they pertain to local populations; (2) strategies by civil society, and above all impacted residents, to ensure the implementation of environmental policies; and (3) debates over knowledge, including community efforts to harness expertise and information to counter paradigms advanced by business actors. ","PeriodicalId":47488,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Comparative International Development","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incumbent Responses to Armed Groups in Nigeria and Kenya 尼日利亚和肯尼亚执政者对武装团体的回应

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09414-y

Megan Turnbull

{"title":"Incumbent Responses to Armed Groups in Nigeria and Kenya","authors":"Megan Turnbull","doi":"10.1007/s12116-023-09414-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09414-y","url":null,"abstract":"Under what conditions do incumbents support, tolerate, or try to rein in armed groups within their borders? The paper argues that incumbents strategize toward armed groups in ways that help them manage the ruling coalition and remain in power. I find that incumbents support armed groups in provinces where provincial politicians have defected from the ruling coalition to opposition parties, recruiting armed groups to deliver the province in national elections with fraud and violence and punish elite defectors. Where incumbents are not fighting to keep provinces in the ruling coalition, I show that they tolerate non-dissident groups that enjoy social contracts with local communities, and try to contain their dissident counterparts. Incumbents are likely to repress predatory armed groups, dissident and non-dissident alike. Doing so helps boost elite and mass support for incumbents and project central government power into the province. The argument was inductively built with comparative case studies from Nigeria and then evaluated in Kenya. The findings contribute to an important research agenda on government-armed group relationships and carry implications for security sector aid and reform.","PeriodicalId":47488,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Comparative International Development","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fertility Has Been Framed: Why Family Planning Is Not a Silver Bullet for Sustainable Development 生育率已被定格：为什么计划生育不是可持续发展的银弹？

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09410-2

Leigh Senderowicz, Taryn Valley

{"title":"Fertility Has Been Framed: Why Family Planning Is Not a Silver Bullet for Sustainable Development","authors":"Leigh Senderowicz, Taryn Valley","doi":"10.1007/s12116-023-09410-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09410-2","url":null,"abstract":"High fertility and population growth have been framed as villains in global health and development. Inspired by neo-Malthusian concerns around resource depletion, scholars have argued that fertility reduction through increased contraceptive use is necessary to protect maternal health, prevent environmental disaster, and promote economic prosperity throughout the Global South. Despite substantial critique from feminist and anticolonial scholars, the scientific evidence behind these arguments has often been treated as established fact. This ostensible scientific consensus on the instrumental benefits of contraceptive use has been marshalled by the global family planning establishment in the wake of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development to justify continued efforts to maximize contraceptive uptake in the Global South. Here, we critically examine the evidence linking high fertility to adverse maternal health, environmental, and economic outcomes and evaluate whether reducing fertility through increased contraceptive use offers an effective strategy to address these challenges. We find the state of the evidence weaker and more conflicted than commonly acknowledged, with many claims relying on small effect sizes and/or unjustified assumptions. While increasing contraceptive uptake and reducing fertility may offer limited, marginal advantages, we argue that family planning cannot effectively address the multidimensional challenges of global poverty, ill health, and environmental degradation. Instead, global health and development should address root causes of these phenomena, while family planning programs must radically refocus on reproductive autonomy.","PeriodicalId":47488,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Comparative International Development","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlocking the Potential of Participatory Planning: How Flexible and Adaptive Governance Interventions Can Work in Practice 释放参与式规划的潜力：灵活、适应性强的治理干预措施如何在实践中发挥作用

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09415-x

Kamran Hakiman, Ryan Sheely

引用次数: 0

“No se Cuidan (They Don’t Take Care of Themselves)”: Reframing Reproductive Rights as Contraceptive Responsibility in Post-ICPD Mexico “他们不照顾自己”:墨西哥人发会议后将生殖权利重新定义为避孕责任

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09409-9

Lydia Zacher Dixon

{"title":"“No se Cuidan (They Don’t Take Care of Themselves)”: Reframing Reproductive Rights as Contraceptive Responsibility in Post-ICPD Mexico","authors":"Lydia Zacher Dixon","doi":"10.1007/s12116-023-09409-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09409-9","url":null,"abstract":"Mexico has a complicated history when it comes to contraception. Malthusian concerns about population growth have shaped national imperatives to reduce fertility by pushing contraception —especially on Mexico’s rural, poor, and indigenous. Providers have often had to comply or risk their employment. Despite signing onto the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development’s (ICPD) plan to promote reproductive choice for all, forms of contraceptive coercion still occur in Mexico. I draw on ethnographic research in a public hospital delivery ward to examine contemporary practices of contraceptive counseling. While ostensibly no longer utilizing outright force, providers continue to employ persistent pressure, urging women to choose long-term or permanent contraception by the time they leave the delivery ward. I argue that providers may view this persistence as a form of caring, as they cast women as irresponsible for what they see as their inability or refusal to “cuidarse (care for themselves).” Such refusals are framed as symptoms of national concerns, from poverty to education levels to machismo; women’s genuine desires to have more children are rarely seriously considered. I ask: how do such moral regimes of responsibilization shape women’s interactions with providers, as well as their choices, experiences, and health outcomes?","PeriodicalId":47488,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Comparative International Development","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Universal Health Coverage with Private Options: The Politics of Turkey’s 2008 Health Reform 全民健康覆盖与私人选择:土耳其2008年医疗改革的政治

IF 2.7 2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09402-2

Tim Dorlach, Oya Yeğen

{"title":"Universal Health Coverage with Private Options: The Politics of Turkey’s 2008 Health Reform","authors":"Tim Dorlach, Oya Yeğen","doi":"10.1007/s12116-023-09402-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09402-2","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, countries across the Global South have been adopting expansionary health reforms and are increasingly doing so under the banner of promoting universal health coverage. But countries have taken notably different approaches regarding the inclusion of private actors in their expanding healthcare systems. In this article, we explore the political causes and consequences of partial privatization in the context of healthcare expansion. We conduct a case study of Turkey’s 2008 health reform, which coupled substantial coverage expansion with the introduction of private options in provision and financing—and has since been branded as a global “success story” of achieving universal health coverage. Specifically, we seek to explain why Turkey introduced private options with its expansionary health reform and what kind of policy feedback effects this has triggered. We find that private options were incorporated into the reform as the result of persistent business lobbying and pro-market changes in the leadership of the health ministry and not because of any international coercion, e.g., by the World Bank. The introduction of these private options has since led to the growth of private hospital and insurance markets and the political entrenchment of partial privatization.","PeriodicalId":47488,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Comparative International Development","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dependency, Capacity, and Agency: Austerity and Leadership Failures in Brazil’s Homegrown COVID-19 Vaccine Efforts 依赖性、能力和机构:巴西本土COVID-19疫苗工作的紧缩和领导失败

2区社会学

Studies in Comparative International Development Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12116-023-09403-1

Matthew B. Flynn, Elize Massard da Fonseca

引用次数: 0