{"title":"“Guess what they would make you do on this one”: The discourse of a high-stakes exam in an AP Calculus classroom","authors":"Sunghwan Byun , Beth Herbel-Eisenmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Signified by a familiar phrase, teaching to the test, the effect of high-stakes exams on mathematics instruction is widely accepted. It is, however, largely unknown how the discourse of a high-stakes exam is brought into everyday classroom interaction and shapes ways of doing mathematics in situ. This study examines details of social interaction in one Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus classroom, in which preparing for a high-stakes exam—the AP Calculus Exam—is highly relevant. By applying positioning theory and conversation analysis, the analysis shows that the discourse of the AP Exam shapes a hierarchical authority relation on the basis of what is believed to be on the AP Exam at the cost of the diminished authority of students. This study suggests further examination of the role of high-stakes exams in classroom settings and alternative perspectives on instructional supports for AP Calculus teachers and students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching mathematics through problem posing: Elements of the task","authors":"Janaína Poffo Possamai , Norma Suely Gomes Allevato","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current research and curriculum documents from several countries have highlighted the importance of problem posing. However, some elements of this activity in mathematics classes still need to be further explored and understood. The objective of this article is to investigate how situations and problem-posing prompts affect teaching through problem posing. Three teaching cases are presented and analyzed, including instructional techniques guiding teaching through problem posing. The results indicate that teachers must align the problem-posing task with the intended goals for the lesson, analyzing how the prompt can enhance or limit particular aspects of the problems posed by the students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attending to task variables when engaging in group problem posing for elementary level mathematics","authors":"Aisling Leavy, Mairéad Hourigan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In light of the growing interest in research examining problem posing, this study explores an under-researched aspect – group problem posing. It examines the role of problem situations and prompts, introduced within a problem posing intervention, on the nature of the problems posed by groups of pre-service elementary teachers for children in two 4th grade classes. The impact of the group on the problem posing process was also explored. The findings reveal improvements in the quality of the problems posed due to a number of factors including the use of textbook problems as initial problem situations that supported problem reformulation, the constructive role of prompts to focus attention on desirable problem features and the valuable role of feedback in determining problem aptness. A challenge when problem posing was difficulty coordinating attention to multiple problem features, however, this was mediated by the affordance of working in groups which served to share the responsibility for, and enhance, problem quality alongside the use of the F-PosE problem posing framework which focused attention on desirable problem features.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732312324000051/pdfft?md5=a4174bfa6bca3d3e97a11095ab27e051&pid=1-s2.0-S0732312324000051-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Problem-posing tasks and their influence on pre-service teachers’ creative problem-posing performance and self-efficacy","authors":"Lukas Baumanns , Benjamin Rott","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In problem-posing research, the influence of task variables on problem-posing outcomes is a relatively new endeavor. To systematically vary task variables, we designed eight problem-posing tasks by crossing two problem-posing situations (unstructured vs. structured) with two problem-posing prompts (open vs. closed) and two mathematical contexts (patterns vs. geometry). Using this design, we investigated the influence of these task variables on (1) creative problem-posing performance, (2) problem-posing self-efficacy, and (3) the relationship between self-efficacy and creative problem-posing performance in 187 pre-service teachers. The analyses show that (1) the influence of the situation and prompt is small and topic-specific, (2) that self-efficacy is significantly lower in unstructured situations with an open prompt than in the other tasks, and (3) that creative problem-posing performance and self-efficacy are correlated negatively. The findings imply a need for more detailed investigations regarding the influence on creative problem-posing performance and for which subjects it is relevant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732312324000075/pdfft?md5=970e182433cd5746789885155aca8ba3&pid=1-s2.0-S0732312324000075-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139648695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrique Carmona-Medeiro , Juan Pedro Martín-Díaz , Nuria Climent
{"title":"Variables in planning and carrying out a problem-posing task in early childhood education","authors":"Enrique Carmona-Medeiro , Juan Pedro Martín-Díaz , Nuria Climent","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research focused on understanding the variables inherent in the design and implementation of a mathematical problem-posing task. We developed a single case study of a problem-posing lesson by an Early Childhood Education teacher in a classroom with 4- to 5-year-old children who were unfamiliar with such activities. The results of this study show the potential of considering five variables serving as critical points that pose dilemmas linked to the design and implementation of problem-posing tasks. We found that the task changed from its original design during implementation, implying that the choices the teacher made about the variables were not static and were strongly linked to the purpose of the problem-posing task as well as to the contextual characteristics of the early childhood classroom. This study provides a potentially useful framework for analyzing the design and implementation of problem-posing tasks as a dynamic process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732312324000087/pdfft?md5=0b76b7ff0271c2eacf5ca8c3f0c8f0ea&pid=1-s2.0-S0732312324000087-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139579380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Montes , J. Chico , J.P. Martín-Díaz , E. Badillo
{"title":"Mathematics teachers’ specialized knowledge mobilized through problem transformation","authors":"M. Montes , J. Chico , J.P. Martín-Díaz , E. Badillo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study we address two issues related to problem-posing tasks in teacher education: (i) the characterization of the specialized knowledge mobilized by prospective teachers when carrying out these tasks and (ii) the identification of the prospective teachers’ pedagogical intentions in making adaptations to textbook problems. We asked prospective teachers to outline their suggestions for transforming a multiplicative problem so as to “promote the understanding” of their potential pupils. We then carried out a content analysis of their responses using the Mathematics Teachers’ Specialized Knowledge model of teachers’ specialized knowledge and identified their pedagogical intentions by means of the constant comparison method. The results show that prospective primary teachers mobilized both mathematical and pedagogical content knowledge in their responses to the problem reformulation task. Further, four distinct pedagogical intentions emerged that drew on different interpretations of the task prompt, and this influenced the type of transformation the prospective primary teachers suggested and the knowledge they mobilized in their answers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732312324000099/pdfft?md5=68e09bf54f7b4e8af9310aee63c7220c&pid=1-s2.0-S0732312324000099-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139579777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do task variables of self-generated problems influence interest? Authenticity, openness, complexity, and students’ interest in solving self-generated modelling problems","authors":"Janina Krawitz , Luisa Hartmann , Stanislaw Schukajlow","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Problem posing—generating one’s own problems—is considered a powerful teaching approach for fostering students’ motivation such as their interest. However, research investigating the effects of task variables of self-generated problems on students’ interest is largely missing. In this contribution, we present a study with 105 ninth- and tenth-graders to address the question of whether the task variables modelling potential, assessed by openness and authenticity, or complexity of self-generated problems have an impact on students’ interest in solving them. Further, we investigated whether the effect of task variables of self-generated problems on students’ interest differed among students with different levels of mathematical competence. High modelling potential had a positive effect on interest in solving the problem for students with low mathematical competence, whereas it had a negative effect for those with high mathematical competence. However, complexity of self-generated problems did not affect students’ interest in solving problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732312324000063/pdfft?md5=251ea0e01b6ed0b8168180abcd5f5419&pid=1-s2.0-S0732312324000063-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conceptualizing reasoning practices in the context of sociomathematical issues","authors":"Sean Chorney , Kyle R. Evans , Megan Staples","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2024.101124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this conceptual paper, we explore a framework of reasoning practices for decision-making in context. We extend prior work related to socioscientific issues (SSI) (Sadler et al., 2007) to consider the applicability of this framework to sociomathematical issues, specifically using the context of fairness in political (re)districting. We illustrate the usefulness of the SSI framework for sociomathematical issues drawing on student work and reflections from two undergraduate courses. We conclude by suggesting adjustments to reasoning practices of the SSI framework that might uniquely reflect the nature of sociomathematical reasoning. We discuss implications of our findings for conceptualizing reasoning practices that include mathematical perspectives within social and political contexts and for mathematics education generally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary students’ relational thinking and computation strategies with concrete-to-symbolic representations of subtraction as difference","authors":"Karina J. Wilkie , Sarah Hopkins","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Children are highly inclined to attend to the properties of numbers, operations and equality when given helpful tools for doing so. Our aim was to investigate early algebraic thinking with the compensation property of equality for subtraction. We provided 22 (9–11-year-old) students with physical blocks for building vertical towers and conducted individual interviews with them as they completed a sequence of 15 tasks involving subtraction as difference using concrete, numeric, and symbolic representations. Relational thinking was evidenced across a range of subtraction calculation skill levels. Those students who could use both indirect addition and take-away strategies flexibly, depending on the size of the numbers involved, were more likely to evidence attention to generality with symbolic equations. The shift to symbolic equations elicited some students’ productive attempts to connect subtraction as difference and subtraction as take way but seemed to hinder others by provoking a return to take away calculations rather than relational thinking strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732312323000913/pdfft?md5=f4d71bb9fd084eb6787d2856b753c492&pid=1-s2.0-S0732312323000913-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demands and scaffolds for explaining the connection of multiple representations: Revisiting the bottle-filling task","authors":"Katharina Zentgraf , Susanne Prediger","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Explaining the connections of multiple representations can enhance students’ conceptual understanding (e.g., in the bottle-filling task for functional graphs). But it poses high discursive demands that need to be further unpacked. The design research study qualitatively investigates the potentials and demands that fourteen second-language learners face when explaining the connection between functional graphs and filling glasses. The qualitative analysis of students’ pathways towards good explanations identifies (a) demands to construct a mental contextual representation of the filling process, (b) demands to unpack the holistic perspective into more refined concept elements of covariation and correspondence approaches, (c) highly intertwined demands to identify the relevant variables in view. For each of these underlying demands, we identify scaffolds to enable students – even recent second-language learners – to engage in mathematically and discursively demanding practices and to enable teachers to support them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732312323000883/pdfft?md5=233d8b40eaec6c747662981abc2284ba&pid=1-s2.0-S0732312323000883-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139419182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}