{"title":"Extending the covariation framework: Connecting covariational reasoning to students’ interpretation of rate of change","authors":"Franklin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on covariational reasoning has continued to evolve as researchers learn more about how students coordinate two (or more) quantities’ values as covarying. In this study, I examine the connection between students’ covariational reasoning and how they interpret the value of a rate of change. The findings suggest that attending to students’ quantifications of a rate of change can provide insight into their covariational reasoning and how we might better support students in reasoning at higher levels. Additionally, this manuscript provides an update to the Carlson et al. (2002) Covariation Framework that includes two additional categories of student reasoning and an additional dimension that describes students’ interpretation of a rate value at each level of the framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen Hwang , Ranran Xu , Yiling Yao , Jinfa Cai
{"title":"Learning to teach through problem posing: A teacher’s journey in a networked teacher−researcher partnership","authors":"Stephen Hwang , Ranran Xu , Yiling Yao , Jinfa Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a specific case of how a teacher in China learned to teach with problem posing through a collaborative, iterative design process with a researcher. Supported by a networked improvement community, at every step of the journey that they undertook, they partnered to design, deliver, and revise a mathematics lesson that fostered students’ learning through problem posing. A detailed travelogue of their journey serves to document what research on teaching through mathematical problem posing can look like and how the teacher learned to teach using this novel approach. We explore the utility of the 3H (head, heart, and hands) model as a powerful way to think about holistic, transformative teacher learning. In addition, we consider aspects of the networked improvement community in which the teacher–researcher partnership operated that enabled capacity for sustaining this kind of effort to change practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139398870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From “learning to variate” to “variate for learning”: Teachers learning through collaborative, iterative context-based mathematical problem posing","authors":"Nadav Marco , Alik Palatnik","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Problem posing (PP) has been found to contribute to teachers’ mathematical pedagogical knowledge. However, little is known about what and how teachers learn when engaged in continuous iterative PP. We use the variation theory of learning to conceptualize what and how teachers learn during iterative PP, illustrating these processes via a case study. The main argument is that what teachers learn from engaging in iterative PP are different task variables we refer to as “dimensions of possible variation.” Awareness of these dimensions allows teachers to skillfully generate new problems or re-formulate previously posed ones to achieve desired pedagogical goals. We show how, during a collaborative design process with the PD coordinator, a teacher-designer became aware of some new-to-her dimensions and developed corresponding techniques for diversifying tasks. These awarenesses were still evident in an interview six months after the end of the PD. Recommendations for teacher educators are suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139072455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A symbolizing activity for constructing personal expressions and its impact on a student’s understanding of the sequence of partial sums","authors":"Derek Eckman , Kyeong Hah Roh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reports the results from a set of exploratory teaching interviews in which students constructed individualized algebraic expressions<span> (called personal expressions) to describe their meanings for partial sums. Our analysis focused on one student, Emily, who constructed two distinct personal expressions for partial sums, one novel and one based on her image of summation notation. Emily created her novel expression to denote the process of generating the summands to compute the value of a partial sum. Emily adopted summation notation to describe the value of the partial sum. After reflecting on her inscription for a series’ general term of summation, Emily constructed a single expression to describe either the process of computing an arbitrary partial sum or the value of the sum itself. Using Emily’s story, we propose three categories for students’ coordination of their meanings for partial sums with a corresponding representation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138839390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adidactical problem-posing as captured by scripting journeys: Investigating sums of consecutive integers","authors":"Andrew Kercher , Canan Güneş , Rina Zazkis","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Research has demonstrated that problem-posing and problem-solving mutually affect one another. However, the exact nature and full extent of this relationship requires detailed elaboration. This is especially true when problem-posing arises in order to facilitate problem-solving, such as during the investigation of an unfamiliar mathematical property or phenomenon. In this study, groups of participants used scripting to record their mathematical activity as they made conjectures and justified conclusions about sums of consecutive integers. We analyze the unprompted problem-posing found within these scripting journeys using three facets of a problem-posing framework: </span>mathematical knowledge base, problem-posing heuristics, and individual considerations of aptness. Our analysis reveals how these aspects of problem-posing emerge within a mathematical investigation, how they are related to surrounding problem-solving, and the kinds of mathematical insights and realizations that act as catalysts to promote further problem-posing activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138770093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The theorem says…”: Engineering students making meaning of solutions to Ordinary Differential Equations","authors":"Paul Hernandez-Martinez , Svitlana Rogovchenko , Yuriy Rogovchenko , Stephanie Treffert-Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a need for further studies on students’ learning of Differential Equations (DEs), especially in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. Research on the mathematical education of engineers shows a conflict between students’ demands for practical, contextualized pedagogies and the need for abstract reasoning and appropriate use of mathematical results. Few papers focus on engineering students’ interpretation of theorems and their use as tools in argumentation and problem-solving. This paper takes a sociocultural stance on learning and employs <em>dialogical inquiry</em> – a methodology rooted in Bakhtinian theory, newly developed for collaborative inquiry and qualitative data analysis – to investigate the meanings that senior engineering students made while working on a task designed to evaluate their understanding of Existence and Uniqueness Theorems (EUTs) of solutions of DEs. We identified two important epistemological disconnections that explain the difficulties that some of our students faced in making meaning of solutions of DEs and the EUT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073231232300086X/pdfft?md5=f75789b683634c34ebd322e8c2d186ad&pid=1-s2.0-S073231232300086X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138656250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing student strategies in a game-based and pen-and-paper task for linear algebra","authors":"Jeremy Bernier , Michelle Zandieh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This study examines the mathematical activity<span> involved in engaging with two tasks designed for introductory linear algebra: the </span></span><em>Vector Unknown</em><span> digital game and the pen-and-paper Magic Carpet Ride task. Five undergraduate students worked on both tasks, and we qualitatively analyzed their strategies using a modified version of a framework from prior literature. In the findings, we report on the seven distinct strategies seen in our data set. We found that while our participants did use some of the same strategies on both tasks, there were also certain strategies which were more characteristic of work on one task or the other. In our discussion, we consider how the design differences in the tasks may influence the strategy differences, and how our findings can be leveraged by instructors of linear algebra in selecting tasks. Finally, we conclude by discussing broader implications for mathematics education research in comparing game-based and non-game-based tasks.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138656249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An exploratory mixed methods study about teacher candidates’ descriptions of children’s confusion, productive struggle, and mistakes in an elementary mathematics methods course","authors":"Crystal Kalinec-Craig , Anthony Rios","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Recognizing and describing children's mathematical thinking in humanizing ways, especially when students engage in confusion, productive struggle, and mistakes, is a complex and challenging process. This paper describes an exploratory, mixed-methods study about how elementary teacher candidates (TCs) describe children's thinking as a right to exercise and to value their humanity when learning mathematics. The study analyzed transcripts from 64 TCs' </span>summative assessments, which consisted of mock parent-teacher conferences (MPTC). Findings suggest that TCs described children's confusion, productive struggle, and mistakes (RotL 1 and 2) as: a teacher's observation, an opportunity for students to correct or clarify their thinking, an opportunity for teachers to adjust instruction or provide support, and as a normal part of the learning process. More importantly, some TCs reassured children that learners have fundamental rights when learning mathematics, especially when feeling confused and claiming a mistake. Implications for research and teacher education are discussed. Keywords: Elementary, teacher education, mathematics, mixed methods, rehumanizing, Torres’ rights of the learner</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Martínez-Planell , Maria Trigueros , Vahid Borji
{"title":"The role of topology in the construction of students’ optimization schema for two-variable functions","authors":"Rafael Martínez-Planell , Maria Trigueros , Vahid Borji","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study uses Action-Process-Object-Schema theory (APOS) to examine students’ understanding of two-variable function optimization<span>. A genetic decomposition (GD) based on the notion of Schema is proposed. This is a conjecture of mental structures and relations that students may construct to understand the optimization of these functions. The GD was tested with semi-structured interviews with eleven students who had just finished an introductory multivariable calculus course. Results show that giving explicit attention during instruction to the topological structure of the domain of the function to be optimized and the use of GD-based activities was effective in promoting students’ understanding of two-variable function optimization. On the theoretical side, the study contributes to a better understanding of the APOS notions of Schema, Schema-triad, and types of relations between Schema components that have not been used extensively in the literature and that proved to be a powerful tool to model students’ learning.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Connecting operation-choice problems by the variation principle: Sixth graders’ operational or deeper relational pathways","authors":"Cristina Zorrilla , Anna-Katharina Roos , Ceneida Fernández , Salvador Llinares , Susanne Prediger","doi":"10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many empirical studies documented students’ challenges with operation-choice problems, in particular for multiplication and division with rational numbers. The design principle of problem variation was suggested to overcome these challenges by engaging students in making connections between inverse operation-choice problems of multiplication and division, and between problems with natural numbers and fractions/decimals, but so far, this approach was hardly investigated empirically. In this study, we investigate 17 sixth graders’ modelling pathways through sets of operation-choice problems that are systematically designed according to the variation principle. In the qualitative analysis, we identify five pathways by which students solve the problems and sometimes connect them. While one pathway uses deep relational connections, others only draw superficial and operational connections and others stay with informal strategies without connecting them to formal operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732312323000743/pdfft?md5=8c124bd03ba8ef2782606b5062156520&pid=1-s2.0-S0732312323000743-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138448700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}