Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献

{"title":"Situating reproductive coercion in the sociocultural context: An ecological model to inform research, practice, and policy in the United States.","authors":"Jessica N Coleman,&nbsp;Samantha N Hellberg,&nbsp;Tiffany A Hopkins,&nbsp;Katherine A Thompson,&nbsp;Amanda B Bruening,&nbsp;Amanda C Jones","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2212403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2212403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproductive coercion (RC) can be conceptualized as any behavior that limits one's ability to make decisions about their reproductive health. Here, we broaden this definition to consider the impact of systemic and sociocultural factors on RC using an ecological model. Specifically, we use Bronfenbrenner's model as a framework for organizing the multilevel factors that influence reproductive coercion (RC) and its impacts on individual health. This paper is intended to offer a primer to historical, sociocultural, community, interpersonal, and individual processes that may interact to shape reproductive decision-making and its effect on individual health outcomes. We emphasize the importance of conceptualizing RC within the broader sociocultural and community context, and the potential implications for reproductive and sexual health research, clinical care, and policy in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 4","pages":"471-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9588384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, Methods, And Functions Of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Highly Dissociative Individuals.","authors":"M Shae Nester,&nbsp;Nicholas A Pierorazio,&nbsp;Gavi Shandler,&nbsp;Bethany L Brand","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2181475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Upto 86% of dissociative individuals engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Research suggests that people who dissociate utilize NSSI to regulate posttraumatic and dissociative experiences, as well asrelated emotions. Despite high rates of NSSI, no quantitative study has examined the characteristics, methods, and functions of NSSIwithin a dissociative population. The present study examined thesedimensions of NSSI among dissociative individuals, as well aspotential predictors of intrapersonal functions of NSSI. The sample included 295 participants who indicated experiencing one or more dissociative symptoms and/or having been diagnosed with a trauma- or dissociation-related disorder. Participants were recruited through online trauma- and dissociation- related forums. Approximately 92% of participants endorsed a history of NSSI. The most common methods of NSSI were interfering with wound healing (67%), hitting oneself (66%), and cutting (63%). After controlling for age and gender, dissociation was uniquely associated with cutting, burning, carving, interfering with wound healing, rubbing skin against rough surfaces, swallowing dangerous substances, and other forms of NSSI. Dissociation was correlated with affect regulation, self-punishment,anti-dissociation, anti-suicide, and self-care functions of NSSI;however, after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and PTSD symptoms, dissociation was no longer associated with any function of NSSI. Instead, only emotion dysregulation was associated with the self-punishment function ofNSSI and only PTSD symptoms were associated with the anti-dissociation function of NSSI. Understanding the unique properties of NSSI among dissociative individuals may improve the treatment of people who dissociate and engage in NSSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"333-347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9263739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity In Women's Trauma Histories: Impact On Substance Use Disorder Severity.","authors":"C Gallagher,&nbsp;C Brunelle","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2181476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co-occur, especially in women. Previous studies have attempted to determine if individual differences in trauma histories could be meaningfully categorized but few studies have focused solely on women, especially those reporting substance use problems. A total of 130 women (<i>M</i> age = 30.7, <i>SD</i> = 7.9) self reporting past-year substance use problems completed comprehensive measures assessing lifetime exposure to a variety of traumatic events as well as substance use patterns and severity. Using latent class analysis, three classes emerged, a <i>Low Lifetime Interpersonal Trauma</i> class (40%, <i>n</i> = 52), a <i>Moderate Lifetime Interpersonal Trauma</i> class (23.8%, <i>n</i> = 31) and a <i>High Lifetime Interpersonal Trauma</i> class (36.2%, <i>n</i> = 47). Groups did not vary on daily/almost daily use of different types of substances and polysubstance use frequency but were significantly different on SUD severity, with the <i>Moderate</i> and the <i>High Lifetime Interpersonal Trauma</i> classes reporting severe SUD severity in comparison to moderate severity for the <i>Low Interpersonal Trauma</i> class. The findings of the current study indicate that women experiencing substance use problems should receive SUD treatment in a trauma-informed manner but that not all may require integrated trauma and substance use interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"395-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9263732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Dissociation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lucia Sideli,&nbsp;Gianluca Santoro,&nbsp;Andrea Fontana,&nbsp;Fanny Guglielmucci,&nbsp;Vincenzo Caretti,&nbsp;Adriano Schimmenti","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2181477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between dissociation and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and disorder (OCD). Specifically, the study aimed to (a) estimate the pooled prevalence of dissociative disorders among individuals with OCD; (b) systematically review the prevalence of OCD among individuals with dissociative disorders; (c) compare the severity of dissociative symptoms between individuals with OCD and non-clinical controls; (d) estimate the association between OCS and dissociative symptoms in the clinical and non-clinical populations. A systematic search was carried out in biomedical databases from inception to January 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 41 studies met inclusion criteria (<i>n</i> = 9,438, 34.3% males). The pooled prevalence of dissociative disorders in adult samples with OCD was 8% (95% CI [3, 15], <i>k</i> = 5). Studies on adolescent and adult patients with dissociative disorders found that 17-32% reported comorbid OCD, while a prospective study of patients with early-onset dissociative disorders found no evidence of association with OCD. Individuals affected by OCD reported more dissociative symptoms than non-clinical controls (<i>g</i> = .67, 95% CI [.18, 1.16], <i>k</i> = 9). A moderate correlation between dissociative symptoms and OCS was detected (<i>r</i> = .43, 95% CI [.36, .51], <i>k</i> = 18). Sensitivity analyses showed small/moderate correlations between dissociative experiences and specific types of obsessions and compulsions. Findings suggest that dissociative symptoms are moderately related to OCS in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Interventions aimed to reduce dissociation might improve treatment response of patients suffering from OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"362-379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma, Pathological Dissociation, and Behavioral Addictions in Young Adults: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Claudio Imperatori,&nbsp;Benedetta Barchielli,&nbsp;Ornella Corazza,&nbsp;Giuseppe Alessio Carbone,&nbsp;Elisabeth Prevete,&nbsp;Simone Montaldo,&nbsp;Elena De Rossi,&nbsp;Chiara Massullo,&nbsp;Lorenzo Tarsitani,&nbsp;Stefano Ferracuti,&nbsp;Massimo Pasquini,&nbsp;Massimo Biondi,&nbsp;Benedetto Farina,&nbsp;Francesco Saverio Bersani","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2181479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interactions between childhood trauma (CT) and dissociation can contribute to psychiatric disturbances. We explored this phenomenon in relation to behavioral addictions (BAs) in a sample (<i>n</i> = 633) of young adults (age: 18-34 years). Self-report measures investigating CT, dissociation, and symptoms related to gambling disorder, internet gaming disorder, problematic social media use, exercise dependence and compulsive buying were used. Scales related to BAs were summarized into a single measure (\"Total Behavioral Addiction Index\" - TBAI) for inferential analyses. A model analyzing the direct and indirect effects of CT on TBAI through the mediation of pathological dissociation was performed, controlling for confounding factors. Measures on CT, dissociation, and TBAI were significantly associated with each other (all <i>p</i> < .001). The total effect of CT on TBAI was significant (B = 0.063; CI: 0.045; 0.081); pathological dissociation significantly mediated such association (B = 0.023; CI: 0.013; 0.036). Our findings support the possibility that the interaction between CT and dissociation contributes to increase disturbances related to BAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"348-361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic Growth, Dissociation and Identification With The Aggressor Among Childhood Abuse Survivors.","authors":"Ayala Sultana Eliav,&nbsp;Yael Lahav","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2181478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood abuse puts individuals at risk for psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety symptoms. At the same time, research has indicated that some survivors report positive transformations in the aftermath of their trauma, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Yet the essence of PTG reports is questionable, and some scholars claim that it may reflect maladaptive illusory qualities. Furthermore, according to a recent theoretical model, PTG might be dissociation-based and related to survivors' bonds with their perpetrators. This study aimed to explore these claims by assessing PTG, dissociation, and identification with the aggressor (IWA), as well as PTSD and anxiety symptoms. An online survey was conducted among 597 adult childhood abuse survivors. Study variables were assessed via self-report measures. Analyses indicated positive associations between PTG, dissociation, and IWA. Three distinct profiles were found, reflecting high, medium, and low scores on PTG, dissociation, and IWA. Profile type explained PTSD and anxiety symptoms above and beyond gender, age, and abuse severity. These findings suggest that whereas some childhood abuse survivors might experience a positive transformation subsequent to their trauma, others' PTG reports might reflect dissociative mechanisms and pathological attachments to their perpetrators, and thus might be maladaptive.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"410-425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9262531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Hong Kong Chinese version of the Dissociative Experiences Measure, Oxford (HKC-DEMO).","authors":"Albe S Y Ng,&nbsp;Wai Sze Chan","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2171173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2171173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Dissociative Experiences Measure, Oxford (DEMO) is a recently developed measure that reflects the current conceptualization of dissociation. However, psychometric investigations of the DEMO are still limited. The current study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Hong Kong Chinese version of the DEMO (HKC-DEMO). Online survey data on 914 community-dwelling adults in Hong Kong was extracted from a primary preregistered study on sleep and dissociation. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a five-factor structure, identified as \"unreality,\" \"numbness and disconnectedness,\" \"memory blanks,\" \"zoned out,\" and \"vivid internal world,\" fit the data adequately. The five-factor structure fit significantly better than a four-factor structure, which combined \"zoned out\" and \"vivid internal world\" as a single factor of \"absorption.\" Furthermore, the HKC-DEMO demonstrated excellent reliability, and satisfactory convergent, and divergent validity. The current study was the first to translate the DEMO to other language and showed that the HKC-DEMO is reliable and valid for use in Hong Kong Chinese adults. Further validation of the HKC-DEMO with a clinical sample and samples with a wider age range would enhance the generalizability of the HKC-DEMO.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"321-332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9617320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor Structure and Clinical Correlates of The Dissociative Symptoms Scale (DSS) Korean Version Among Community Sample With Adverse Childhood Experiences.","authors":"Yoonhyoung Jo,&nbsp;Hyunjung Choi","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2181474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Dissociative Symptoms Scale (DSS) among the Korean community adult population with adverse childhood experiences (ACE). Data were drawn from community sample data sets collected from an online panel investigating the impact of ACE and ultimately consisted of data from a total of 1304 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed a bi-factor model with a general factor and four sub-factors such as depersonalization/derealization, gaps in awareness and memory, sensory misperceptions, and cognitive behavioral reexperiencing, which are the four factors that correspond to the original DSS. The DSS showed good internal consistency as well as convergent validity with clinical correlates such as posttraumatic stress disorder, somatoform dissociation, and emotion dysregulation. The high-risk group with more ACE was associated with increased DSS. These findings support the multidimensionality of dissociation and the validity of Korean DSS scores in a general population sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"380-394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9262504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma Regarding Dissociative Disorders.","authors":"David H Gleaves,&nbsp;Bennett A A Reisinger","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2191240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2191240","url":null,"abstract":"Clinicians and researchers who work in the dissociative disorders field, as well as individuals diagnosed with a dissociative disorder (DD), seem well aware that there continues to be much skepticism about the class of disorders, and dissociative identity disorder (DID) in particular. Professional skepticism has been documented in the scientific literature going back several decades (e.g., Dell, 1988), and subsequently, such skepticism from within the clinical community has been found to lead to missed diagnoses of DID (Brand et al., 2016). Why such professional skepticism persists may relate to several factors, perhaps most importantly what professionals in training are taught (or not taught) about the DDs (Gleaves, 2007). A topic closely related to skepticism is stigma, which generally refers to a “negative social attitude attached to a characteristic of an individual that may be regarded as a mental, physical, or social deficiency” (American Psychological Association, n.d..). Although stigma may be associated with all sorts of personal characteristics (e.g., physical or racial features), there is a wealth of research related to mental/psychological disorders (see Levy et al., 2014 for a review). In the literature on this topic, several types of stigma have often been identified, including self-stigma (also referred to as internalized stigma and which refers to negative attitudes of individuals regarding their own mental/ psychological disorder), social stigma (also referred to as public stigma which refers to negative attitudes held by individuals or groups within the general population), professional stigma (negative attitudes held by health-care professionals, researchers and academics), and institutional stigma (an organization’s policies or culture which perpetuate negative attitudes and beliefs toward stigmatized individuals) (Subu et al., 2021). In general, high levels of stigma against psychological disorders have been found since at least the 1950s (Levy et al., 2014), although it varies somewhat depending on the disorder. Much of the stigma research seems to focus on mental health (or “mental illness”) in general, or it has focussed on “severe mental illness” (e.g., Morgan et al., 2018), which typically refers to schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, or has focussed on what are typically referred to as common but less severe disorders such as depressive and anxiety disorders (e.g., Anderson et al., 2015). However, as is often the case regarding research on mental/ psychological disorders, the DDs seem to be frequently ignored or left out. To illustrate this, we recently conducted a PsychInfo search and, although there were thousands of results for search terms related to stigma OR dissociation/ dissociative, we only found one study that actually related to stigma associated JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2023, VOL. 24, NO. 3, 317–320 https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2191240","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"317-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9459776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Emotion Regulation on Physical and Psychological Wellbeing in University Students: The Role of Depersonalization and Attachment Style.","authors":"Nathan O'Rourke,&nbsp;Jonathan Egan","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2181473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our ability to regulate our emotions plays a key protective role against psychological distress and somatic symptoms, with most of the literature focusing on the role of cognitive reappraisal in interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This study seeks to examine the relationship between emotion dysregulation and psychological and physical distress in university students through the role of depersonalization (DP) and insecure attachment. This study will try to explain the deployment of DP as a defense mechanism to insecure attachment fears and overwhelming stress, developing a maladaptive emotion responding strategy, which affects wellbeing later in life. A cross-sectional design was used on a sample (<i>N</i> = 313) of university students over the age of 18 which consisted of an online survey of 7 questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analysis were conducted on the results. The results showed that emotion dysregulation and DP predicted each variable of psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Both insecure attachment styles were found to predict psychological distress and somatization, mediated through higher levels of DP, whereby DP may be deployed as a defense mechanism to insecure attachment fears and overwhelming stress, which affects our wellbeing. Clinical implications of these findings highlight the importance of screening for DP in young adults and university students.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"24 3","pages":"426-444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9263740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}