Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Social Stigma of Dissociative Identity Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Depressive Disorders.","authors":"Bennett A A Reisinger,&nbsp;David H Gleaves","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2022.2119459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2022.2119459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the current study was to explore how the social stigmatization of dissociative identity disorder (DID) compared to that of schizophrenia and depressive disorders. Using a between-subjects experimental design, a total of 139 participants (126 usable data [39 men, 84 women, 3 other]) from the general population were randomly assigned to either a DID, schizophrenia, or depressive disorders experimental condition and responded to an adapted version of the Prejudice Toward People With Mental Illness (PPMI) Scale. Results suggested that, overall, depressive disorders were stigmatized against the least, schizophrenia was stigmatized against the most, and DID was intermediate, with its PPMI score being closer to schizophrenia than that of depressive disorders. We also found the same pattern for most of the subscales of the PPMI. At least relative to other well-known disorders, there is negative stigma associated with having DID.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10661636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Lifetime Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events, Peritraumatic Dissociation, and PTSD in a Sample of Sexually Assaulted Women in Sao Paulo, Brazil.","authors":"Cecilia Zylberstajn,&nbsp;Bruno Messina Coimbra,&nbsp;Thauana T Oliveira-Watanabe,&nbsp;Mariana Rangel Maciel,&nbsp;Vinicius F Calsavara,&nbsp;Miranda Olff,&nbsp;Marcelo Feijo Mello,&nbsp;Andrea Feijo Mello","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2022.2136326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2022.2136326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexually assaulted women represent a particularly high-risk group for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and peritraumatic dissociation (PD) are known risk factors for PTSD. However, little is known about how previous trauma affects PD and how this relationship affects PTSD. We aimed to investigate whether PD acts as a mediator between PTEs and PTSD severity in a sample of recently sexually assaulted women in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seventy-four sexually assaulted women aged 18-44 completed questionnaires and structured interviews on PTSD, PD, and PTEs. We examined direct and indirect effects of variables using causal mediation analysis. Lifetime exposure to PTEs was a risk factor for PD, but PD was not a risk factor for PTSD symptom severity. Also, PD was not a mediator between PTEs and PTSD severity. We provided recommendations on how to further explore the relationship between lifetime traumatic exposure, PTSD, and peritraumatic dissociation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9225106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Understanding dissociative identity disorder, a guidebook for survivors and practitioners and Our house, making sense of dissociative identity disorder by Lindsay Schofield","authors":"V. Sinason","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2168236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2168236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49189893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Child Survivor: Healing Developmental Trauma and Dissociation, Second Edition","authors":"E. T. Young","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2023.2168238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2168238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48996973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention and Memory in Depersonalization-Spectrum Dissociative Disorders: Impact of Selective-Divided Attentional Condition, Stimulus Emotionality, and Stress.","authors":"Daphne Simeon,&nbsp;Margaret Knutelska,&nbsp;Frank W Putnam,&nbsp;James Schmeidler,&nbsp;Lisa M Smith","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2022.2079798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2022.2079798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated cognition in depersonalization-spectrum dissociative disorders without comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder to explore evidence for emotionally avoidant information processing. Forty-eight participants with DSM-IV dissociative disorder (DD) (Depersonalization Disorder - 37, Dissociative Disorder NOS -11), 36 participants with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and 56 healthy controls (HC) were administered the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS); the Weschler Memory Scale-III (WMS); and three Stroop tasks: the Standard Stroop, a selective-attention Emotional Stroop using neutral, dissociation, and trauma-related word categories, and a divided-attention Emotional Stroop using comparable words. Participants were also administered a paired-associates explicit and implicit memory test using emotionally neutral and negative words, before and after the Trier Social Stress Test. The DD and HC groups had comparable general intelligence and memory scores, though dissociation severity was inversely related to verbal comprehension and working memory. In the selective-attention condition, DD participants showed greater incidental recall across word categories with comparable interference. However in the divided-attention condition, DD participants significantly favored lesser attentional interference at the expense of remembering words. Across attentional conditions, DD participants had better recall for disorder-related than neutral words. Pre-stress, the DD group demonstrated better explicit memory for neutral versus negative words with reversal after stress, whereas the HC group demonstrated the opposite pattern; implicit memory did not differ. Cognition in the PTSD control group was generally dissimilar to the DD group. The findings in toto provide substantial evidence for emotionally avoidant information processing in DD, vulnerable to the impact of stress, at the level of both attention and memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10432929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anorexia Nervosa and Somatoform Dissociation: A Neglected Body-Centered Perspective.","authors":"Paola Longo,&nbsp;Enrica Marzola,&nbsp;Matteo Martini,&nbsp;Laura Amodeo,&nbsp;Giovanni Abbate-Daga","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2022.2119631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2022.2119631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dissociation in anorexia nervosa (AN) is common (literature reported 29% of dissociative disorders in eating disorders) and higher in patients with binge-purging AN (BP-AN) than in those with restricter AN (R-AN). However, the distinction between somatoform (SomD) and psychoform dissociation (PsyD) is understudied. We aimed to assess the differences in PsyD and SomD, eating-related, general, and body-related psychopathology, and childhood trauma between subtypes of AN. Then, we attempted to describe a subgroup of patients with AN with marked SomD comparing them to patients without SomD, also controlling the results for PsyD and AN subtypes. Inpatients with AN (n = 111; 109 women and 2 men) completed self-reported questionnaires evaluating dissociation, eating-related, body-related, and general psychopathology, and childhood abuses. Patients with BP-AN reported higher SomD and PsyD and a more severe clinical picture than those with R-AN. The SomD-group (n = 41) showed higher eating concerns, trait-anxiety, body-related variables, and sexual/physical abuse compared to the no-SomD group (n = 70), independently of AN subtype and PsyD symptoms. Results described particular features of patients with AN and SomD. Data, clinically, suggest a careful assessment, for both SomD and PsyD, especially when a history of bodily-impacting trauma is present, potentially fostering dissociation-informed interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10433460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociation as a Distinct Peritraumatic Coping Response: A Preliminary Analysis.","authors":"Natalia M Kecala,&nbsp;Brittany F Goodman,&nbsp;Michael G Griffin","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2022.2117262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2022.2117262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research examining physiological responses to trauma cues in PTSD has identified a subset of \"nonresponders\" showing suppressed physiological reactivity. The defense cascade model posits that individuals respond to stressors by progressing through a series of defensive reactions, with nonresponders having advanced to a shutdown response. It remains unclear whether dissociation is at the end of a continuum of passive behavior, indicating full shutdown, or if it comprises a distinct response. The present study aimed to address this uncertainty, using EFA to compare a two-factor (active, passive) and three-factor (active, passive, dissociative) model of defensive responding. Eighty-nine female physical and sexual assault survivors reported their peritraumatic reactions within 1 month of their assault, which were entered into the EFA. The three-factor model was superior, suggesting dissociation is a distinct category of peritraumatic coping. Peritraumatic use of both passive and dissociative coping strategies were each significantly associated with ongoing use of passive coping and increased PTSD symptoms 1-month posttrauma; surprisingly, the use of passive peritraumatic coping strategies was a better indicator than peritraumatic dissociation. The inclusion of depression as a covariate removed the association of passive (but not dissociative) coping with PTSD symptom severity. Active coping use was not significantly associated with any outcome, suggesting that the presence of shutdown responses is more informative than the presence or absence of any active coping. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating peritraumatic coping responses and the need for increased attention to the comparatively neglected topic of passive coping.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10781582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do Patients Diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder Experience Conflict? A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Lizanda Marais,&nbsp;Monique Bezuidenhout,&nbsp;Christa Krüger","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2022.2119630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2022.2119630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role and nature of conflict in the development and manifestation of dissociative identity disorder (DID) remains underexplored beyond theoretical deduction. In this qualitative instrumental case study, we explored the subjective experience and nature of conflict in a group of adult psychiatric patients diagnosed with DID. We purposively selected typed transcriptions of 28 previously recorded in-depth individual interviews with 15 patients, their audio recordings and associated field notes. The data were thematically analyzed and constant comparison was applied. Two main themes emerged from the transcriptions, namely, participants' experiences of having one or more incompatible and conflicting worldviews about their DID, and the type and nature of conflict that arises between dissociative identities, i.e., conflict of information in awareness, conflicting actions or behaviors, conflicting emotions, conflicting goals, conflicting values, and a battle of wills. Patients with DID have contextually and culturally variable comprehension of the origin of their DID. Conflict between dissociative identities was pervasive, multifaceted, and exacerbated by a lack of awareness between identities. The study provides insight into the complexities of conflict between dissociative identities, as well as highlights the role of inter-identity awareness in conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10781583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acceptability and Potential Benefits of a Web-Based Psychoeducation Program for People with Pathological Dissociation: A Pilot Evaluation Study.","authors":"Hong Wang Fung,&nbsp;Chitat Chan,&nbsp;Wai Tong Chien,&nbsp;Yuen Yu Chong,&nbsp;Colin A Ross","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2022.2119457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2022.2119457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathological dissociation is a common trauma-related condition and is associated with considerable health and social care needs. People with pathological dissociation typically require psychosocial interventions, but there are many challenges in providing such interventions for this vulnerable population. An important question that remains unexplored is whether web-based interventions are acceptable and beneficial for people with pathological dissociation. This paper reports the findings of a pilot evaluation study of a web-based psychoeducation program for people with pathological dissociation. A total of 80 participants were included. The preliminary findings revealed that: most participants were satisfied with the web-based program (e.g., most participants agreed that the program helped them understand [94.1%] and manage [66.7%] their mental health conditions and remain hopeful for recovery [78.4%]); and participants had improvements in symptom management (large effect; partial eta squared = .143) and self-esteem (medium-to-large effect; partial eta squared = .111) after the program. However, no improvements in clinical symptoms were observed on measures of post-traumatic or dissociative symptoms. The dropout rate at posttest was 36.3%. This is one of the first studies that evaluated web-based interventions for people with pathological dissociation. Although the web-based program is well-accepted by the participants and might be associated with some potential benefits, the limitations of this pilot study should be acknowledged. Implications are discussed in terms of the directions for future developments of the program and the needs for further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10433461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Psychological Characteristics of Dissociative Subtype of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Chinese Prisoners.","authors":"Fulei Geng,&nbsp;Yingxin Liang,&nbsp;Nalan Zhan,&nbsp;Jian Wang","doi":"10.1080/15299732.2022.2079797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2022.2079797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine prevalence, clinical symptoms, and psychological characteristics of D-PTSD in a sample of Chinese prisoners with probable PTSD. A total of 1458 male prisoners were recruited from a large prison in Guangdong, China. Participants completed self-administrated questionnaires that assessed PTSD and dissociative symptoms, psychopathology, emotion regulation, emotional expressivity, social pleasure, traumatic events, and social support. According to DSM-5 criteria, participants were classified into four groups: D-PTSD, PTSD only, derealization/depersonalization (DD) only, and neither. The proportions of D-PTSD, PTSD only, DD only and neither were 2.5%, 4.7%, 2.4%, and 92.2%, respectively. PTSD symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties were distinguishing for the four groups: PTSD symptoms declined gradually in the order of D-PTSD, PTSD only, DD only, and neither, while emotion regulation difficulties declined in an order from D-PTSD, DD only, and PTSD only to neither, all <i>ps</i> < .001. D-PTSD and DD only had higher depressive and dissociative symptoms than PTSD only and the neither groups, all <i>ps</i> < .001. D-PTSD also had more borderline personality symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, and more negative emotional expressivity than PTSD only and DD only, all <i>ps</i> < .05. Logistic regressions indicated that D-PTSD reported lower social support compared to PTSD only (OR = 0.95, p < .01), DD only (OR = 0.96, p < .05) and neither (OR = 0.93, p < .001). D-PTSD is common in probable PTSD in prisoners and is associated with complex clinical presentations as well as emotional processing. Social support is an important protective factor of D-PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":47476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10798601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}