Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness最新文献

{"title":"A Survey of Orientation and Mobility Specialist's Use of Telepractice During COVID-19.","authors":"Tessa McCarthy,&nbsp;Nora Griffin-Shirley,&nbsp;Eileen Siffermann","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221142869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221142869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This survey sought to establish a baseline for the remote delivery of services (telepractice) by orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists nationwide, which became pervasive in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Method:</b> An online survey was distributed using professional email lists and then used snowball sampling to obtain a convenience sample. The survey was completed by 66 O&M specialists using telepractice at the time of the survey, the primary criterion for inclusion. <b>Results:</b> Engaging in telepractice was a direct result of the pandemic for 90.77% of the participants. Most professionals' caseloads remained relatively similar to the size they were prior to the pandemic (69.70%), and instruction used a one-on-one model (90.77%). For the most part, professionals were teaching conceptual knowledge rather than actual travel skills using video conferencing software. Most participants indicated they had not received training in telepractice (81.25%). Only 20.00% of participants found telepractice for O&M satisfactory, but 26.16% of participants indicated they would probably continue using telepractice after the pandemic. Most participants (72.13%) were unsure if they were covered by professional liability insurance. <b>Discussion:</b> Most participants were thrust into telepractice and very few received training in telepractice. It is likely that the tools used were tools of convenience. Despite a lack of preparation and lukewarm satisfaction levels, a noteworthy percentage of respondents intend to continue to use telepractice after the end of the pandemic. The liability risks associated with this new model have not been widely assessed. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> The most effective tools for O&M telepractice have not yet been identified. Practitioners and researchers can work together to develop and promote promising practices and tools for O&M telepractice. Professional liability should always be investigated before providing services. A tool for professionals to assess risk should be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"784-793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806191/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221142869.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Turkish University Students With Visual Impairments: An In-Depth Inquiry.","authors":"Ayşe Dolunay Sarica,&nbsp;Elif Ulu-Ercan,&nbsp;Umut Haydar Coşkun","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221144054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the academic life, psychological well-being, social relations, and physical health of university students with visual impairments via their personal judgments. <b>Methods:</b> A qualitative research design was utilized with 19 participants studying at 10 Turkish universities located across seven cities. Personal online semi-structured interviews were held in January 2021. The audio-taped qualitative data were analyzed deductively in light of four predetermined themes: academic life, physical health, psychological well-being, and social relations. <b>Results:</b> Findings revealed the negative effects of the lockdown on daily and, specifically, campus life. Most participants claimed their preference for traditional over online education due to certain academic, psychological, and social difficulties, stating also that campus life had many academic and social advantages compared to online education. Physical health issues including access to medical treatments and lack of activity/mobility were also stressed. <b>Discussion:</b> It was interesting to observe that despite the interviews' focus on daily life, students provided views on the benefits of traditional education and how and why their individual needs should be met by universities, much more than expected. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> It may be concluded that several developmental domains of students with visual impairments are affected by attendance at a university and that offices of disability services of higher education institutions and university counseling centers should take thoughtful actions to meet the specific needs of this student population tailored to both online and traditional education.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"817-829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806195/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221144054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Smart Head–Mounted Display Technology: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study","authors":"V. Jeganathan, Abigail Kumagai, Harleen Shergill, M. Fetters, S. Moroi, J. Gosbee, D. Kim, James D. Weiland, Joshua R. Ehrlich","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221130068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221130068","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study was to characterize functional impairments and human factor considerations that affect perceptions and preferences for head-mounted display (HMD) technology for adults with low vision and chronic eye disease. Methods: Through a convergent mixed-methods design, participants with visual impairments (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, or retinitis pigmentosa) were recruited. Participants completed the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire, used commercially available HMDs (eSight, NuEyes, and Epson Moverio), and were interviewed. The IVI was used to identify groups with low, moderate, and high vision–related quality of life (VRQOL). Transcribed interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach. The survey and qualitative findings were integrated using mixed-methods joint display analysis. Results: Twenty-one participants were enrolled (mean age of 58.2 years, 57% male, median Snellen acuity of 20/40 [range: 20/20–hand movement]). An equal number (n = 9) expressed a preference for eSight and NuEyes, while (n = 3) preferred the Moverio. Participants emphasized ease of use, including HMD controls and screen, as common reasons for preference. Those with lower IVI well-being scores preferred eSight due to vision improvement. Those with moderate IVI well-being scores preferred NuEyes due to comfort and size. Those with high IVI well-being scores cited usability as the most important feature. Discussion: User preferences for HMD features were associated with VRQOL. A mixed-methods approach explained how varying degrees of visual impairment and HMD preferences were qualitatively related to usability at the individual level. Implications for Practitioners: To increase acceptance, new HMD development for low vision should focus on performance, usability, and human factors engineering. Although HMD technology can benefit individuals with low vision, device features and functions vary in meaningful ways based on vision parameters. Practitioners should be aware of how patient and device variations influence preferences when they recommend wearable systems and optimize training to harness these systems.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"629 - 643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ethical Debate About the Neuropsychological Assessment of Young People With Visual Impairments","authors":"R. Slykerman","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221129613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221129613","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropsychology is the study of the relation-ship between brain function and cognition, behavior, and emotion. Neuropsychological assessments with young people aim to understand cognitive strengths and de fi cits and gen-erate individualized recommendations to guide interventions. Neuropsychological","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"744 - 748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and User Satisfaction for an Audible Prescription Reader Among Adults With Low Vision and Blindness","authors":"Leslie Jackson, Trevor Bradway, Victoria Lefevers, Yulun Li, Annabel Olson","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221131328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221131328","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Research is needed to support accuracy and safe self-management of prescriptions among individuals living with low vision or blindness. This study evaluated user accuracy & satisfaction with the ScripTalk® device, an audible prescription reader, among participants with low vision and blindness. Methods: This mixed methods study utilized snowball and convenience sampling through low vision support groups in Indiana. Researchers trained 23 participants (69.6% female, 30.4% male, M age = 64.04, SD = 14.7 years) to use the ScripTalk® device for reading three empty prescription bottles, equipped with radio-frequency ID labels. Accuracy represented correct responses to 12 questions about the labels’ content. The QUEST 2.0's Device Subscale (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82) evaluated user satisfaction with the device. Participants answered six qualitative questions about their perceptions of the device. Results: Statistical analysis indicated highest frequencies of satisfaction occurred for Ease in Adjusting (100%), Comfort (100%), Ease of Use (95.6%), and the Weight (95.6%) of the device. Spearman rank order correlation coefficient tests revealed inverse relationships between participants’ accuracy rates and their satisfaction with the device's durability (rho = −0.690, p < .001) and safety & security (rho = −0.834, p < .001). Participants perceived the device as easy to use, adjustable, comfortable, and lightweight for reading prescription labels. However, the auditory quality posed challenges to identify unfamiliar prescription names. Health care professionals may need to provide additional training and practice opportunities with audible prescription readers to support consumers with low vision or blindness, particularly when new medications are prescribed.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"18 44","pages":"711 - 723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skills Associated With Job Retention Among Persons With Visual Impairments","authors":"A. Crudden, Zhen S. McKnight","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221131822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221131822","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014 reinforced the state federal vocational rehabilitation program's commitment to job retention and career advancement for persons with disabilities. We continue to have limited information about what job-related skills are most helpful to persons with visual impairments in retaining or advancing in employment. Method: Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to investigate the association between current employment status and skills among persons with visual impairments who had a competitive employment history. Data were from a national volunteer survey of persons with visual impairments born between 1950 and 1991. Snowball sampling methods generated the sample. Results: Persons with professional licensure or certificates were more than twice as likely to be employed as those who did not possess these qualifications. Employed participants were less likely to need job-related training to find or keep a job. Discussion: Though additional research to explore the relationships between skills and employment is indicated, persons with visual impairments should be encouraged to explore and pursue job skills training and professional licensure or certification in fields compatible with their career goals. Implications for Practitioners: Even persons with a work history may need additional job skills training to continue employment. Professional licensure or certification may be of value in obtaining employment, but persons with visual impairments may need support to obtain those credentials. Careful career planning to promote positive employment outcomes should include research about the credentials associated with employment goals.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"668 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Number of Teachers of Students With Visual Impairments in the United States","authors":"Mackenzie E. Savaiano, Pamela Shanahan Bazis, Michael A. Hebert, Derek B. Rodgers, Madison Bosilevac, Bridget Leutzinger, Madison Thompson","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221129285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221129285","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Methods We do not have an accurate count of the number of teachers of students with visual impairments working in the field, and it is a difficult number to estimate. As part of a national survey, states were contacted to estimate how many teachers of students with visual impairments are working in the United States and compared to the estimate developed by the National Plan for Training Personnel to Serve Children with Blindness and Low Vision (NPTP) in 2000. Results and Discussion The estimate calculated from this process is very similar to the estimate from NPTP (2000), indicating that there are roughly the same number of teachers of students with visual impairments in the field now as there were 20 years ago.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"724 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation and Mobility Assessments for Children and Youths With Visual Impairments: How, Why, When, and Where?","authors":"Justin T. Kaiser, Tina S. Herzberg","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221132290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221132290","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study analyzed survey responses from 114 orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists regarding the content and procedures they used in completing O&M assessments. Methods: O&M specialists completed an online survey in 2020 on their assessment practices for children and youths who are visually impaired. Results: Over 85% of participants identified that they interview the student, parent, classroom teacher, and teacher of students with visual impairments as part of the assessment. The only visual skills addressed by at least 80% of participants were depth perception, distance acuity, scanning, and peripheral visual fields. Students without additional disabilities in kindergarten through 12th grade were more likely to be taught the two-point touch cane technique when compared to students with additional disabilities, who were more likely to be taught constant contact. Discussion: Participants identified that O&M assessments for students in 9th–12th grade were more likely to focus on skills that would be needed for employment or post-secondary education or both, such as the use of public transportation. For students with additional disabilities or children under the age of five years, participants were more likely to conduct assessments focused on safety and immediate needs and environments. Implications for Practitioners: Appropriate O&M assessments need to be conducted in natural environments that provide equal challenges to the environments where students need to travel. O&M specialists must adapt the assessment content and procedures to address the current and future travel needs of all students with visual impairments.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"596 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44863829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Experiences of Parents of and Students With Visual Impairments With 4to24, a Transition Application","authors":"Anne Steverson, Jennifer L. Cmar, K. Antonelli","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221132849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221132849","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This article describes the field test of 4to24, a transition application (app) for parents of and students with visual impairments. In this stage of the development process, researchers evaluated the app's usability and gained feedback on app use and experience from end users. Methods: Participants, including 27 parents of and 19 students with visual impairments, used 4to24 for 6 months. They completed a baseline survey, a survey about the account setup process, and three additional surveys at 2-month intervals (i.e., 2, 4, and 6 months). Results: Participants found the app account setup process quick and easy to complete. Parents and students used the app more frequently during the first 2 months, and then app usage decreased over time. Participants’ average ratings for app enjoyability, ease of use, understandability of information, and relevance of information were generally high and consistent across time points. Participants found 4to24 useful to track activities to help students prepare for college and work, and most planned to continue using it after the study. Discussion: Findings indicate that the app was usable, enjoyable, easy to use, and helpful. The decline in app usage over the 6 months may signify that participants lost interest, were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, or spent more time working on activities within the modules. Students rated app enjoyability and relevance higher than parents, which may relate to the language and tone of the student-focused modules. Introductory topics may have been unnecessary for some parents, which could have contributed to their lower relevance ratings. Implications for Practitioners: Service providers can inform parents and students about 4to24 and its potential benefits. 4to24 can encourage conversations about college and work, provide resources and activity suggestions, and serve as a resource for parents who are not connected or knowledgeable about services.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"644 - 657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48089790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Employment Rates: Summary of Findings and Conclusions From the Series","authors":"Michele C. McDonnall","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221134371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221134371","url":null,"abstract":"With the studies presented in the Beyond Employment Rates series that was featured in every issue of the Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness (JVIB) this year, my colleagues and I investigated labor force statistics that are not typically considered for people with visual impairments to evaluate the overall status of employment for this population. In addition to comparing these statistics to those for people without visual impairments, we evaluated employment differences for men and women with visual impairments. In this conclusion to the series, I provide a summary of key findings from each study and overarching conclusions from the nexus of the studies:","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"593 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}