Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness最新文献

{"title":"Well-Being of Canadian Adolescents Who are Blind or Have Low Vision: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Aadesh Nunkoo, Christopher Power, Michael McIsaac","doi":"10.1177/0145482X261441583","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482X261441583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This study investigates the well-being of Canadian adolescents who are blind or have low vision compared to their peers without visual disabilities. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2017-2018 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. Our sample consisted of 19,702 Canadian adolescents aged 11 to 15 years, including 401 who self-reported a diagnosis of blindness or low vision, while the remaining 19,301 reported no visual disabilities. Chi-square tests assessing differences in proportions pertaining to subjective and psychological well-being, self-rated health, life satisfaction, and loneliness between these two groups were conducted. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were used for multivariate analysis. <b>Results:</b> Canadian adolescents with blindness or low vision reported significantly diminished life satisfaction and a significantly higher prevalence of loneliness. They experienced mental illness and depressive symptoms at a significantly greater rate than their peers without visual disabilities. Well-being measures for adolescents who are blind or have low vision and <i>multiple disabilities,</i> which we defined as a participant who reported at least one additional disability other than blindness or low vision, were significantly more compromised. <b>Discussion:</b> Blindness or low vision was associated with lower well-being outcomes, including life satisfaction and loneliness, as well as poorer mental health among Canadian adolescents. The presence of multiple disabilities exacerbated the already lower levels of well-being outcomes experienced by adolescents with visual disabilities. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> Practitioners should recognize the well-being disparities experienced by Canadian adolescents who identify as being blind or having low vision, particularly those with multiple disabilities, and develop targeted interventions to address these challenges. Increasing access to specialized mental health support and promoting inclusive school environments are essential for improving the well-being of adolescents with visual disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"120 3","pages":"250-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13349251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Wearable Devices and Generative AI in the Workplace by People with Visual Impairments.","authors":"Michele C McDonnall, Jamie Boydstun, Anne Steverson","doi":"10.1177/0145482x261423917","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482x261423917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study's purpose is to describe the use of two novel technologies - wearable devices (wearables) and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) - in the workplace by people with visual impairments.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Primary data was collected via a survey conducted in late 2024 from a volunteer sample of 254 workers in the U.S. and Canada about their use of assistive technology at work. Survey data obtained from the same participants, plus an additional 60 people, in 2021 were also used. Six research questions were investigated. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Use of wearables at work increased to 10.2% in 2024. Almost all wearables utilized were smart glasses. Most people used their smart glasses frequently and considered them important to functioning both at and outside of work. GenAI was used at work by 66.7% of participants, with Be My AI the most common tool. Most people reported positive impacts of GenAI on their lives. A majority of impacts were related to visual impairment, with improved accessibility the most common, but many were unrelated to visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The introduction of an affordable, mainstream option for smart glasses in 2024 may explain their increased popularity among workers with visual impairments. GenAI use at work by this population was much higher than the general population, with the gap only partly attributed to incorporation of GenAI in assistive technology.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Smart glasses and GenAI are new technologies that may be beneficial to improving efficiency at work in addition to improving daily life for people with visual impairments. Smart glasses were not widely used by workers in 2024 but were beneficial to most who used them; thus, they should be considered as a potential accommodation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"120 2","pages":"134-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generational Differences in Attitudes and Knowledge about Workers Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision.","authors":"Michele C McDonnall, Karla Antonelli, Emma Schultz, Emily Marett","doi":"10.1177/0145482x261432175","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482x261432175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"2026 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision-Specific Quality of Life in Children With Cortical or Cerebral Visual Impairment.","authors":"Michelle Lin, Mark S Borchert, Melinda Y Chang","doi":"10.1177/0145482x251364270","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482x251364270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cortical or cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a leading cause of pediatric visual impairment. However, there are limited data using validated assessments of vision-specific quality of life (VS-QOL) in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess VS-QOL in children with CVI using the Children's Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with CVI (ages 12 months to 12 years) were prospectively recruited from a single pediatric neuro-ophthalmology clinic at a children's hospital, where a complete ophthalmologic examination was performed. Age-matched typically developing controls were recruited from a web-based recruitment service. Parents of participants completed the CVFQ. Overall and subscale CVFQ scores were compared between children with CVI and controls. Additionally, CVFQ scores were correlated with clinical findings in children with CVI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three children with CVI and 20 controls were included in this study. CVFQ overall and all subscale scores were significantly lower in children with CVI (p < .0001). Among CVI participants, there was a borderline association between visual acuity and CVFQ overall and competence subscale (both <i>p</i> = .07) scores. CVI patients with strabismus had significantly worse scores on the family impact subscale than those without strabismus (<i>p</i> = .04).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CVI profoundly affects VS-QOL in individuals with CVI. Strabismus and CVI may have an additive impact on families. Additional studies are needed to determine whether measures of functional vision correlate with VS-QOL in children with CVI, and also to develop VS-QOL scales that are specific to concerns of families and children with CVI.</p><p><strong>Implications for practitioners: </strong>All members of the multidisciplinary care team for individuals with CVI should be aware of the effect of this diagnosis on VS-QOL in both the child and family. Ultimately, practitioners and researchers should strive to identify interventions to improve VS-QOL in individuals with CVI.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"119 4","pages":"256-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12746829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Proficient Braille Skills.","authors":"Michele C McDonnall, Anne Steverson, Jamie Boydstun, Frances Mary D'Andrea","doi":"10.1177/0145482x251328240","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482x251328240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with having proficient braille skill, with a specific interest in employment status.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Survey data were collected in 2021 and 2022 from 449 employed and unemployed people with low vision and people who were blind, all of whom were legally blind. Proficient braille skill was the dependent variable in two logistic regression models (full sample model and totally blind only model) that included age category, age of blindness onset, sex, education level, non-visual disability, level of vision loss, assistive technology (AT) skill level, and employment status as independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that people who (a) experienced visual impairment at a younger age, (b) were blind or had less functional vision, (c) were younger, (d) were female, (e) had higher self-reported AT skill, and (f) were employed were more likely to have proficient braille skills.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Multiple variables were related to proficient braille skill, some anticipated based on previous research (younger age of blindness onset, less functional vision, employment) and some unexpected (younger age, being female, greater AT skill). Although employment had a small association with proficient braille skill for the entire sample, it had a stronger association for people who were totally blind. Higher rates of proficient braille skills among people between the ages of 21-30 may be a consequence of laws passed in the 1990s.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>With easy access to braille in the form of refreshable braille technology, it is more important than ever that people with visual impairments of all ages have the opportunity to learn braille. Additional resources for learning braille as well as support and encouragement are needed, particularly for youth and adults who acquire vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"119 2","pages":"97-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Difficulties and Coping Strategies in Persons with Homonymous Quadrantanopia or Homonymous Scotoma.","authors":"Chris Wallace-Carrete, Patrick Baker, Alex R Bowers, Jing Xu","doi":"10.1177/0145482x241279430","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482x241279430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study, conducted in the United States, investigated the challenges faced by drivers with homonymous visual field loss and their coping strategies, including the use of in-vehicle Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four current drivers with either homonymous quadrantanopia or homonymous scotoma caused by a stroke completed an in-depth semi-structured telephone interview. Using mostly open-ended questions, the interview addressed the difficulties encountered while driving, strategies used to cope with the difficulties, and the use of ADAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main difficulties related to seeing objects on side of the field loss especially at intersections and when merging or changing lanes. Cases with left-sided field loss reported problems with left turns and seeing oncoming cars at intersections. Cases with homonymous scotomas described how cars disappeared in and out of the scotoma. Two cases reported many driving difficulties at first, but fewer difficulties as they became used to driving with the field loss. The most common coping strategies included scanning to the side of the field loss (including large scans with head movements), use of rearview/side mirrors, adding mirrors to the car, leaving more space on the side of the field loss, avoiding difficult driving situations and the use of ADAS (blind spot warning, GPS navigation and rearview camera).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>All cases reported some difficulties consistent with those found in on-road and driving simulator studies of individuals with homonymous visual field loss. Over time they each reported developing a set of strategies, including use of ADAS, for coping with the field loss that enabled them to be active drivers with relatively few self-imposed restrictions.</p><p><strong>Implications for practitioners: </strong>Advising drivers with stroke-related field loss about potential difficulties and compensatory strategies is an important part of preparation for return to driving. The paper provides examples of problem situations, coping strategies and ADAS use which can be used to guide discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"118 4","pages":"230-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A graded neonatal mouse model of necrotizing enterocolitis demonstrates that mild enterocolitis is sufficient to activate microglia and increase cerebral cytokine expression.","authors":"Cuilee Sha, Trevor Van Brunt, Jacob Kudria, Donna Schmidt, Alisa Yurovsky, Jela Bandovic, Michael Giarrizzo, Joyce Lin, Styliani-Anna Tsirka, Agnieszka B Bialkowska, Lonnie Wollmuth, Esther Speer, Helen Hsieh","doi":"10.1101/2023.08.03.551849","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.08.03.551849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory gastrointestinal process that afflicts approximately 10% of preterm infants born in the United States each year, with a mortality rate of 30%. NEC severity is graded using Bell's classification system, from stage I mild NEC to stage III severe NEC. Over half of NEC survivors present with neurodevelopmental impairment during adolescence, a long-term complication that is poorly understood but can occur even after mild NEC. Although multiple animal models exist, none allow the experimenter to control nor represent the gradient of symptom severities seen in NEC patients. We bridge this knowledge gap by developing a graded murine model of NEC and studying its relationship with neuroinflammation across a range of NEC severities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Postnatal day 3 (P3) C57BL/6 mice were fed a formula containing different concentrations (0% control, 0.25%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). P3 mice were fed every 3 hours for 72-hours. We collected data on weight gain and behavior (activity, response, body color) during feeding. At the end of the experiment, we collected tissues (intestine, liver, plasma, brain) for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and cytokine and chemokine analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Throughout NEC induction, mice fed higher concentrations of DSS died sooner, lost weight faster, and became sick or lethargic earlier. Intestinal characteristics (dilation, color, friability) were worse in mice fed with higher DSS concentrations. Histology revealed small intestinal disarray among mice fed all DSS concentrations, while higher DSS concentrations resulted in reduced small intestinal cellular proliferation and increased hepatic and systemic inflammation. In the brain, IL-2, G-CSF, and CXCL1 concentrations increased with higher DSS concentrations. Although the number of neurons and microglia in the CA1 hippocampal region did not differ, microglial branching was significantly reduced in DSS-fed mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We characterize a novel graded model of NEC that recapitulates the full range of NEC severities. We show that mild NEC is sufficient to initiate neuroinflammation and microglia activation. This model will facilitate studies on the neurodevelopmental effects of NEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86969449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing a Job Search Intervention for Adults With Visual Impairments via Videoconferencing.","authors":"Jennifer L Cmar, Karla Antonelli","doi":"10.1177/0145482x241234922","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482x241234922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research supports the benefits of job search interventions in improving employment outcomes for various populations, but previous studies involved face-to-face implementation and did not include adults with visual impairments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a job search intervention designed for synchronous distance implementation with adults with visual impairments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two trainers implemented a 5-day job search skills training program with 12 job seekers with visual impairments, ages 22 to 63 years, via Zoom videoconferencing software. Researchers documented participant attendance and intervention fidelity during the program. Participants completed electronic surveys that included quantitative measures of cognitive load and acceptability, plus open-ended questions about their overall perceptions of the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Attendance, intervention fidelity, and germane cognitive load were high, whereas intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load were low. Most implementation issues resulted from participants' technical difficulties, which were most prevalent on the first day. Acceptability ratings indicated high levels of engagement; relevance; interactivity; and satisfaction with the trainers, group processes, and virtual format. Participants commented on many positive aspects of the program, and some acknowledged the technical issues that occurred.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results support the acceptability and feasibility of the job search intervention. The trainers successfully implemented the program via videoconferencing with adults with visual impairments and developed a positive group atmosphere with high social support.</p><p><strong>Implications for practitioners: </strong>Our findings have implications for facilitating group interventions through videoconferencing, including strategies for building group cohesion and social support.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"118 2","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Components of Valid Learning Media Assessments","authors":"Tessa McCarthy, Dawn Anderson, Robert Wall Emerson","doi":"10.1177/0145482x231188700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482x231188700","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The learning media assessment (LMA) process is the mechanism professionals use to determine a student's optimal learning and reading media. Currently, no tool has been validated for the purpose of conducting the LMA process. Methods A Delphi approach was used whereby a panel of identified experts in the LMA process went through iterative phases recommending items to be included in the LMA process and voting on keeping, changing, or deleting items until a final list of agreed upon items was established. Results At the completion of five rounds of voting and amending items, the final list of agreed upon items included 2 general goals, 66 items, and 18 acceptable modifications to the LMA process. The items to be included in an LMA process were categorized into logistical items to be noted (9 items), LMA procedural characteristics (11 items), materials to be used (2 items), information to be gathered (20 items), student medical/visual characteristics (8 items), student reading or academic characteristics (10 items), and student technology and literacy tool use (6 items). Eighteen acceptable modifications or adjustments that could be made to assessment procedures were also agreed upon. Discussion The framework of what is critical in the LMA process, as shown in this Delphi study, can be used to assess the validity of LMA tools. Implications for Practitioners Practitioners can use the framework built by this Delphi process to evaluate the validity of LMA tools they use. Practitioners can assess the tools they use by asking if all the validated content areas are addressed, if validated procedures are being followed, and if validated accommodations are in place.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. Short Sleep Duration Trends Between 2011 and 2020 by Visual Impairment Status Using Cross-Sectional Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data","authors":"Phoebe M. Tran, Lam T. Tran, Cenjing Zhu, Liem T. Tran","doi":"10.1177/0145482x231201124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482x231201124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}