Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Delivery of Adaptive Vision Health Services for Seniors.","authors":"Margaret E Cleary","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221144444","url":null,"abstract":"The death of two dear nurse friends with dementia who lost their lives in long-term-care facilities, not from COVID-19, but because of it, shook me up. In their “homes,” many usually independent activities were not expected, but encouraged, carefully monitored, and assisted, or taken over, as appropriate. When attendants told Patricia to stop roaming and stay in her room, she refused to eat or get out of bed. Shortly thereafter, she expired. Kathleen, who was in “memory care,” gave up her life when she could not understand how to use the telephone or computer to communicate with her children and grandchildren. My heart goes out to those of you who had to endure the extreme sorrow being unable to be physically present with suffering loved ones. These events motivated me to contemplate these questions: How do seniors with visual impairments and health issues maintain quality of life during disasters? What specialized attention occurred during the COVID-19 lockdowns? What conditions complicated matters? Are health care personnel aware of the services vision professionals provide? What opportunities occur to collaborate with health care providers? In this commentary, I will share my casual survey regarding vision professionals providing services. My experience includes being a health care professional, certified vision rehabilitation therapist, and octogenarian with multiple health problems, sensory deficits, hospitalizations during recent years, and long-term assistive needs. I experienced pandemic-imposed conditions during my hospital stays (isolation, masking, medication rules, supervised mobility, short staffing, fatigued caregivers, dependency, and restricted visitors). The hospital staff members tried to meet the challenges of multiple patients, observed problems, recommended treatments, and provided in-house referrals to specialized services. I asked about their awareness of adaptive vision devices. With admittedly limited experiences of patients with known vision impairment, the head nurse (a registered nurse) reported some, saying that only patients with acute special medical or surgical requirements were retained in the hospitals. However, she cited an example of agitation related to COVID-19 that was causing patients to struggle out of bed and flail their arms. An attractive multicolored posey belt vest adorned with large zippers and buttons to occupy busy fingers helped calm agitated individuals. The floor manager showed an impressive closet filled with adaptive suggestions, large-print materials, dietary aides, communication hints, sensory support, and safe mobility devices. Staff members responded to questions about using these items with: “I didn’t know those existed”; “The demand for","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"853-856"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9813657/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221144444.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10513782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability, Disasters, and Resilience","authors":"S. Phibbs","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221144680","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters are “serious disruptions to the functioning of a community that exceed its capacity to cope using its own resources” (International Federation of Red Cross, 2022). Disasters include natural hazard events, pandemics, terrorist attacks, war, and industrial accidents. Within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR, 2015, p. 9) disaster resilience is defined as “[t]he ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.” Disability is included in the Sendai Framework in relation to vulnerability and risk as well as inclusion in disaster preparedness, the need for disaggregated reporting statistics, and participation in disaster policy and planning (UNISDR, 2015). The United Nations (2015) definition of resilience encompasses built infrastructure, as well as environmental and social resilience. However, disaster resilience is a contested and complex term encompassing contingent, local, and particular relationships between societal, organizational, community, and psychological capacity (Kendra et al., 2018). At the individual level, psychological resilience is an adaptive capacity and the ability to positively deal with adversity while community resilience refers to the collective capacity and the ability of communities to bounce back (Wright, 2021) during the disaster recovery phase. Adaptive capacity is shaped by social inequalities and relations of power, which are, in turn, related to structural inequities associated with gender, race, class, (Wright, 2021) age, and disability. Critical approaches to resilience focus on the potential for local capacity to be co-opted by governments in order to justify the withdrawal of state resources for reducing vulnerability, building capacity, strengthening infrastructure, and ensuring sustainability (Kendra et al., 2018). The inverse response law (Phibbs et al., 2018) identified that vulnerable and marginalized groups are more likely to be impacted, to experience disparities in service provision during the disaster response and recovery phase, and to experience inequitable social and well-being outcomes over time. Within the disaster literature, vulnerable populations include migrant and indigenous peoples, children, the elderly, and those who are physically and mentally disabled, medically dependent, living in poverty, homeless, or rurally isolated (Phibbs et al., 2016). People with disabilities are over-represented in risk factors that are associated with disaster vulnerability including living in poverty, having high healthcare needs, residing alone in low-income neighborhoods, and being unable to respond quickly during an emergency (Phibbs et al., 2014). Disabled people are also reluctant to evacuate due to concerns that emergency shelters will not be able to meet th","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"847 - 849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination of Early Intervention Services for Children With Visual Impairments During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Tiffany A Wild, Tina S Herzberg, Michelle A C Hicks","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144043","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482X221144043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> In the early spring of 2020, governments were beginning to react to the news of a global pandemic being caused by COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of COVID-19 on early intervention services for young children with visual impairments and their families. <b>Methods:</b> Parents of children with visual impairments aged birth to 3 years were asked a series of questions contained in a larger <i>Access and Engagement</i> survey that investigated the experiences of families of children and young adults with visual impairments aged birth to 21 years and professionals that provided educational services. <b>Results:</b> Three overall themes emerged from the data: (1) many changes occurred in the home, (2) early intervention services changed, and (3) planning for the transition to preschool was affected. <b>Discussion:</b> Overall, the changes in education due to the pandemic and initial shutdown resulted in much parental stress. Parents reported that they were stressed and sometimes overwhelmed by the sudden and dramatic changes in their daily lives and how best to help their children in continuing to learn and develop their skills while simultaneously working from home, being caregivers to the other children in the family, and serving as educators and sometimes informal therapists to their children. Many services moved to an online format and were provided remotely. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> Service providers should continue to provide services to families and children who have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting shutdown while continuing to provide ways to support the social and emotional well-being of their families. Service providers and families should monitor their children's development and learning both now and in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"764-773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806278/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221144043.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation and Mobility During COVID-19 and the Effect on Psychosocial Functioning.","authors":"Justin T Kaiser,&nbsp;Danene Fast,&nbsp;Jasamyn N DeGrant,&nbsp;Stephanie Welch-Grenier","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221143796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221143796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This research explored the psychosocial effects observed during the COVID-19 pandemic as it relates to orientation and mobility (O&M) services for children with visual impairments. The survey asked professionals to identify what were their experiences in providing O&M instruction in-person and online and to describe their interactions with students and families during the fall of 2020. <b>Methods:</b> The online survey results included open-ended responses from 166 O&M specialists. The authors used thematic analysis to examine and code participants' qualitative responses. <b>Results:</b> Psychological and social effects were identified as a major theme across the participants for how they affected an individual's health, well-being, and ability to complete aspects of O&M lessons. Professionals were challenged with providing appropriate instruction given the risks associated with COVID. Additionally, children with visual impairments became more isolated and less physically active over time. <b>Discussion:</b> Professionals, students, and parents often placed their concerns aside with the idea that changes to O&M services were a temporary measure with the student's best interest in mind. As the pandemic became prolonged, the effects on individuals became more pronounced. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> These circumstances raise many questions about the effectiveness of virtual instruction in O&M and its effect on professionals, students, and families. The importance of O&M becomes much more evident when considering the isolation many students experienced as a result of quarantine events.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"774-783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806193/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221143796.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Orientation and Mobility Specialist's Use of Telepractice During COVID-19.","authors":"Tessa McCarthy,&nbsp;Nora Griffin-Shirley,&nbsp;Eileen Siffermann","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221142869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221142869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This survey sought to establish a baseline for the remote delivery of services (telepractice) by orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists nationwide, which became pervasive in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Method:</b> An online survey was distributed using professional email lists and then used snowball sampling to obtain a convenience sample. The survey was completed by 66 O&M specialists using telepractice at the time of the survey, the primary criterion for inclusion. <b>Results:</b> Engaging in telepractice was a direct result of the pandemic for 90.77% of the participants. Most professionals' caseloads remained relatively similar to the size they were prior to the pandemic (69.70%), and instruction used a one-on-one model (90.77%). For the most part, professionals were teaching conceptual knowledge rather than actual travel skills using video conferencing software. Most participants indicated they had not received training in telepractice (81.25%). Only 20.00% of participants found telepractice for O&M satisfactory, but 26.16% of participants indicated they would probably continue using telepractice after the pandemic. Most participants (72.13%) were unsure if they were covered by professional liability insurance. <b>Discussion:</b> Most participants were thrust into telepractice and very few received training in telepractice. It is likely that the tools used were tools of convenience. Despite a lack of preparation and lukewarm satisfaction levels, a noteworthy percentage of respondents intend to continue to use telepractice after the end of the pandemic. The liability risks associated with this new model have not been widely assessed. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> The most effective tools for O&M telepractice have not yet been identified. Practitioners and researchers can work together to develop and promote promising practices and tools for O&M telepractice. Professional liability should always be investigated before providing services. A tool for professionals to assess risk should be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"784-793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806191/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221142869.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10508718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Turkish University Students With Visual Impairments: An In-Depth Inquiry.","authors":"Ayşe Dolunay Sarica,&nbsp;Elif Ulu-Ercan,&nbsp;Umut Haydar Coşkun","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221144054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the academic life, psychological well-being, social relations, and physical health of university students with visual impairments via their personal judgments. <b>Methods:</b> A qualitative research design was utilized with 19 participants studying at 10 Turkish universities located across seven cities. Personal online semi-structured interviews were held in January 2021. The audio-taped qualitative data were analyzed deductively in light of four predetermined themes: academic life, physical health, psychological well-being, and social relations. <b>Results:</b> Findings revealed the negative effects of the lockdown on daily and, specifically, campus life. Most participants claimed their preference for traditional over online education due to certain academic, psychological, and social difficulties, stating also that campus life had many academic and social advantages compared to online education. Physical health issues including access to medical treatments and lack of activity/mobility were also stressed. <b>Discussion:</b> It was interesting to observe that despite the interviews' focus on daily life, students provided views on the benefits of traditional education and how and why their individual needs should be met by universities, much more than expected. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> It may be concluded that several developmental domains of students with visual impairments are affected by attendance at a university and that offices of disability services of higher education institutions and university counseling centers should take thoughtful actions to meet the specific needs of this student population tailored to both online and traditional education.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"817-829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806195/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221144054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Smart Head–Mounted Display Technology: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study","authors":"V. Jeganathan, Abigail Kumagai, Harleen Shergill, M. Fetters, S. Moroi, J. Gosbee, D. Kim, James D. Weiland, Joshua R. Ehrlich","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221130068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221130068","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study was to characterize functional impairments and human factor considerations that affect perceptions and preferences for head-mounted display (HMD) technology for adults with low vision and chronic eye disease. Methods: Through a convergent mixed-methods design, participants with visual impairments (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, or retinitis pigmentosa) were recruited. Participants completed the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire, used commercially available HMDs (eSight, NuEyes, and Epson Moverio), and were interviewed. The IVI was used to identify groups with low, moderate, and high vision–related quality of life (VRQOL). Transcribed interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach. The survey and qualitative findings were integrated using mixed-methods joint display analysis. Results: Twenty-one participants were enrolled (mean age of 58.2 years, 57% male, median Snellen acuity of 20/40 [range: 20/20–hand movement]). An equal number (n = 9) expressed a preference for eSight and NuEyes, while (n = 3) preferred the Moverio. Participants emphasized ease of use, including HMD controls and screen, as common reasons for preference. Those with lower IVI well-being scores preferred eSight due to vision improvement. Those with moderate IVI well-being scores preferred NuEyes due to comfort and size. Those with high IVI well-being scores cited usability as the most important feature. Discussion: User preferences for HMD features were associated with VRQOL. A mixed-methods approach explained how varying degrees of visual impairment and HMD preferences were qualitatively related to usability at the individual level. Implications for Practitioners: To increase acceptance, new HMD development for low vision should focus on performance, usability, and human factors engineering. Although HMD technology can benefit individuals with low vision, device features and functions vary in meaningful ways based on vision parameters. Practitioners should be aware of how patient and device variations influence preferences when they recommend wearable systems and optimize training to harness these systems.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"629 - 643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ethical Debate About the Neuropsychological Assessment of Young People With Visual Impairments","authors":"R. Slykerman","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221129613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221129613","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropsychology is the study of the relation-ship between brain function and cognition, behavior, and emotion. Neuropsychological assessments with young people aim to understand cognitive strengths and de fi cits and gen-erate individualized recommendations to guide interventions. Neuropsychological","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"744 - 748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and User Satisfaction for an Audible Prescription Reader Among Adults With Low Vision and Blindness","authors":"Leslie Jackson, Trevor Bradway, Victoria Lefevers, Yulun Li, Annabel Olson","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221131328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221131328","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Research is needed to support accuracy and safe self-management of prescriptions among individuals living with low vision or blindness. This study evaluated user accuracy & satisfaction with the ScripTalk® device, an audible prescription reader, among participants with low vision and blindness. Methods: This mixed methods study utilized snowball and convenience sampling through low vision support groups in Indiana. Researchers trained 23 participants (69.6% female, 30.4% male, M age = 64.04, SD = 14.7 years) to use the ScripTalk® device for reading three empty prescription bottles, equipped with radio-frequency ID labels. Accuracy represented correct responses to 12 questions about the labels’ content. The QUEST 2.0's Device Subscale (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82) evaluated user satisfaction with the device. Participants answered six qualitative questions about their perceptions of the device. Results: Statistical analysis indicated highest frequencies of satisfaction occurred for Ease in Adjusting (100%), Comfort (100%), Ease of Use (95.6%), and the Weight (95.6%) of the device. Spearman rank order correlation coefficient tests revealed inverse relationships between participants’ accuracy rates and their satisfaction with the device's durability (rho = −0.690, p < .001) and safety & security (rho = −0.834, p < .001). Participants perceived the device as easy to use, adjustable, comfortable, and lightweight for reading prescription labels. However, the auditory quality posed challenges to identify unfamiliar prescription names. Health care professionals may need to provide additional training and practice opportunities with audible prescription readers to support consumers with low vision or blindness, particularly when new medications are prescribed.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"18 44","pages":"711 - 723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Number of Teachers of Students With Visual Impairments in the United States","authors":"Mackenzie E. Savaiano, Pamela Shanahan Bazis, Michael A. Hebert, Derek B. Rodgers, Madison Bosilevac, Bridget Leutzinger, Madison Thompson","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221129285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221129285","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Methods We do not have an accurate count of the number of teachers of students with visual impairments working in the field, and it is a difficult number to estimate. As part of a national survey, states were contacted to estimate how many teachers of students with visual impairments are working in the United States and compared to the estimate developed by the National Plan for Training Personnel to Serve Children with Blindness and Low Vision (NPTP) in 2000. Results and Discussion The estimate calculated from this process is very similar to the estimate from NPTP (2000), indicating that there are roughly the same number of teachers of students with visual impairments in the field now as there were 20 years ago.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"724 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}