Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness最新文献

{"title":"A Conceptual Framework for Digital Competence of Students With Low Vision and Blindness","authors":"Cheryl Kamei-Hannan, M. J. Tuttle, Rujira Songkhao","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221149979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221149979","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Proficient use of technology requires many intersecting skills including literacy, citizenship, advocacy, self-determination, and digital competence. In this study, the authors engaged experts in the field of visual impairment in focus groups with the purpose of defining digital competence, discussing issues related to visual impairment, identifying specific skills, and organizing technology competencies. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 32 assistive technology and literacy experts in the field of visual impairment to participate in a series of focus groups. Each focus group was presented with four main topics (1) defining digital competence, (2) identifying specific considerations for individuals with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision), (3) forming a list of technology competencies, and (4) categorizing competencies into an organized structure. Within-group consensus and across-group data saturation were achieved after nine focus groups were conducted via teleconferencing. Results: Focus groups led to three significant findings. First, the consensus was reached by participants on the definition of digital competence. Second, participants agreed upon considerations for individuals with visual impairments. Third, a set of 41 competencies was created. A consensus was not reached on categorizing the competencies. However, several themes arose including the need to address problem solving, accessibility, self-advocacy, citizenship, and self-determination, in addition to technology skills. Discussion: Authors concluded the study by presenting a framework for digital competence that may be used to guide future research. Implications for Practitioners: Students’ success in digital learning environments is predicated on skills that extend beyond device usage. In addition to using digital tools efficiently and effectively, instruction should include opportunities for self-determination, access, problem solving, critical thinking, citizenship, and advocacy.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"7 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45080486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usability of 4to24: A Transition Application for Parents of Students With Visual Impairments","authors":"K. Antonelli, Anne Steverson, Jennifer L. Cmar","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221150239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221150239","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This article covers the technical development and usability testing of 4to24, a mobile application (app) for students with visual impairments and their parents. The app includes information and resources on numerous topics to support and encourage preparation for employment from an early age. Methods: We partnered with technical developers from the blindness field to design and develop the app using an iterative approach that included usability testing at two key points in the development process. Technical developers incorporated accessibility into the app's design as it was built. Researchers conducted two rounds of usability testing with a total of 9 parents and 10 students. Participants completed specific tasks in the app and completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) to assess the app's usability. Results: Mean SUS scores were 80.83 for Round 1 and 83.75 for Round 2, indicating above-average usability at both time points. In each round, participants provided feedback on the app interface and identified issues impacting the app's ease of use. Discussion: We devised a system that automatically sends relevant informational modules to users based on the student's age, grade level, experience, and progress. The iterative design process allowed us to seek user feedback through usability testing and correct identified issues as development progressed, resulting in an intuitive and easy-to-use app. We also assessed and corrected accessibility issues as they arose, ensuring that the app met users’ accessibility needs. Implications for Practitioners: 4to24 is a usable and accessible mobile app that provides parents and students with relevant, timely information and resources to help students prepare for employment as they grow.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"19 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43904463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Quality of Power Supply on Diabetic Retinopathy Screenings: An Experience From India","authors":"Anshul Chauhan, C. Bascaran, Mona Duggal","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221144447","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations and most governments around the world committed to sustainable development goals in 2015. The 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets aspire to bring far-reaching global changes in the field of economics, health, education, inequality, social, and environmental issues. The sustainable development goals are integrated, which means that an action in one area will bring the change in another. The third sustainable development goal (good health and well-being) aims to achieve universal health coverage through its interlinking with other goals (United Nations, 2015). Improving access to affordable and clean energy, the seventh sustainable development goal is fundamentally tied to the third. Owing to its potential to affect health services, the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasized that electricity or power is an enabling factor for universal health care access (World Health Organization, 2014). It is important to link access to energy or power to health outcomes. The availability of electricity and its interaction with the health care system is an important determinant in providing and receiving health care information and services (Devasenapathy et al., 2016). The availability of electricity that provides continuous hours of supply and stable voltage has a direct impact on health outcomes (World Health Organization, 2014). The Indian state of Punjab has been reeling under acute electricity shortage due to limited electricity generation and distribution caused by depleting coal supplies (Kannappan, 2021; Vasdev, 2021). A high number of power shortages have been reported in the state in 2021 and 2022, leaving Punjab in an acute electricity crisis (Kannappan, 2021; Vasdev, 2021). While the health sector is no exception in being affected by power outages, these have significant consequences in the accessibility of health care and affect the delivery of continuous services. Meanwhile, traditional power sources mitigate the power demands in resource-poor settings to ensure continuity of services (Klinger, Landeg, & Murray, 2014). The Indian Public Health Standard (IPHS) lists out the essential medical equipment that is necessary to deliver quality healthcare in a public health setting. Most of the essential medical equipment is dependent on electricity. The lack of availability of and nonfunctional equipment could subsequently hamper delivery of health services, in settings that have limited resources (Mani, Patnaik, & Dholakia, 2019). Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that can cause vision loss and visual","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"850 - 852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How One Blindness Agency Successfully Pivoted in Providing Essential Services in the Midst of a Global Pandemic.","authors":"Linda Groszew,&nbsp;Elsa Zavoda","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221143397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221143397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our article addresses how our not-for-profit organization responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by shifting our paradigm, in how we deliver programs. We created virtual programs and have been delivering them via the Zoom platform, to provide education and training to individuals adjusting to vision loss, and their family members.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"837-842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806192/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221143397.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to Health and Disability Services for New Zealanders With Impaired Vision During the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020-2022.","authors":"Gretchen A Good, Solmaz Nazari Orakani, Tara N Officer, Michael Roguski, Karen McBride-Henry","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144324","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482X221144324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The COVID-19 pandemic has affected access to health and social services globally, leading to delays in accessing appropriate care. However, while there is a growing base of research into service access for the general population, there remains scarce information on the implications of the pandemic on disabled people. This article describes issues with health and disability support access for people with impaired vision in Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa). <b>Methods:</b> Applying an Interpretive Description methodology, 62 interviews were conducted with disabled people; 10 of these individuals identified as having impaired vision. Findings were analyzed thematically for the entire group of 62, representing varied impairment groups, and then for the 10 who had impaired vision. <b>Results:</b> Five key themes arose from the interviews, including transportation difficulties, mental distress, loss of community, loss of physical contact and signals, and general loss of support. Participants identified that this loss of support occurred at multiple levels, meaning that the disability and healthcare system as a whole was ill-equipped to manage their needs. Participants reported a lag-time in accessing care, meaning that the effects of the pandemic are still felt due to a lack of available support and resources. <b>Discussion:</b> This article remains one of a few studies to look at the implications of the pandemic on access to health and disability services for those with impaired vision. It highlights that despite Aotearoa's good track record in managing the pandemic, groups were forgotten and marginalized by the collective response to managing COVID-19. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> Blindness professionals must be aware of the possible disadvantages and impacts of pandemics and other disasters on people with impaired vision and their access to health and disability services. Policymakers must include disabled people at the decision-making table so that the diverse needs of these populations are managed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"830-836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806190/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221144324.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digging into p Values","authors":"R. W. Emerson","doi":"10.1177/0145482x221144443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482x221144443","url":null,"abstract":"Back in the January to February 2016 issue of this journal, I discussed p value and the increased need to report effect sizes along with p value. Since some time has passed and p value remains an important aspect of statistical reporting, I thought it wise to revisit the topic. To illustrate some points, we will refer to the article from this issue entitled “COVID-19: Social Distancing and Physical Activity in United Kingdom Residents with Visual Impairment,” by Strongman, Swain, Chung, Merzbach, and Gordon. The authors of this article made a number of t test comparisons where they are comparing the mean of one group to the mean of another group. If you cast your mind back, you will remember that, in the social sciences, we generally have a cutoff for “statistical significance” of .05 for such comparisons. This measure of significance means that, if the p value or significance level, is < .05, the difference in means between the two groups is deemed “statistically significant.” Statistical significance means that there is less than a 5% chance that the observed difference is due to chance. It is the accepted level of chance that experimenters are willing to accept in the social sciences, where data tend to be a little more noisy or hard to measure accurately than in something like physics. Let us unpack this matter a little more. A number of the comparisons in the article I am using as an example today has p values close to .05, either slightly more or less. How meaningful is it to claim that a comparison with a p value of .051 is not statistically meaningful while one with a p value of .049 is? This question is the reason why I made the case in 2016 that we should also include a measure of effect size when reporting the results of statistical tests so that the magnitude of the difference can also be known. In 1994, Jacob Cohen, a big name in statistics circles, wrote a piece entitled, “The Earth is Round (p < .05),” in which he summarized a long history of people noting that null hypothesis significance testing (which is what you are doing when you rely on the p level) is a dangerous game. Let us take this suggestion step by step. In null hypothesis significance testing (or NHST, for short), we start with the null hypothesis that the groups we are comparing are not different, or are drawn from the same larger population. If the p value from our statistical comparison is less than our cutoff (which is often .05), we “fail to accept the null hypothesis,” which leads one to want to say that the two groups are different. As Jacob Cohen notes,","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"857 - 858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46271280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19: Social Distancing and Physical Activity in United Kingdom Residents With Visual Impairments.","authors":"Clare Strongman, Patrick Swain, Henry Chung, Viviane Merzbach, Dan Gordon","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221108703","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482X221108703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The introduction of the COVID-19 lockdown and social distancing policy has the potential to restrict access to physical activity, change exercise behavior, and to increase sedentary behavior. This study was conducted with the support of British Blind Sport and evaluates the effect of the lockdown policy on adults with visual impairments in the United Kingdom (UK). <b>Methods:</b> An online survey based on the World Health Organization's Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was completed by 73 participants (median age 35-44 years, 59% female) to gain information on how the implementation of the lockdown policy by the UK government has affected physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults that are visually impaired. Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to analyze continuous and Likert scale data, respectively. <b>Results:</b> The majority of participants continued to exercise during lockdown, but the nature of this activity altered with a significant change to exercising in a private indoor space (+190% (always), <i>z</i> = -3.871, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and those exercising alone (+118% (always), <i>z</i> = -2.595, <i>p</i> = 0.009). The volume of activity reduced in all cases, between -11% and -52%, with significant changes in duration of vigorous day-to-day activity, moderate day-to-day activity, travel by foot or cycle, and vigorous recreational activity. Sedentary behavior increased on average by 21% (<i>t</i>(59) = -2.050, <i>p</i> = 0.045), with a greater effect seen in females (+36%, <i>t</i>(35) = -2.525, <i>p</i> = 0.016). <b>Discussion:</b> Reductions in physical activity volume and increases in sedentary behavior are consequences of the UK lockdown for those with visual impairments. The health and well-being implications of these data to this specific population are of particular concern. <b>Implications for Practitioners:</b> Lockdown measures should be designed with consideration of the needs of people with disabilities. Innovative ways to engage these populations in physical activity are strongly encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"806-816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9548481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44264409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Transportation of Adults With Visual Impairments.","authors":"Kim T Zebehazy,&nbsp;L Penny Rosenblum,&nbsp;Kathleen M Thompson","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221143143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221143143","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Access to efficient and affordable transportation options has long been a challenge for many individuals with vision loss. In spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a quick shift in the availability and safety of transportation. Methods: Using the constant comparison method, open-ended responses from 1,162 participants in the Flatten Inaccessibility study were coded. Responses were from participants who had concerns about transportation. Results: Ten themes and corresponding subthemes emerged from the data. Themes were interdependent in that the extent of concerns differed based on respondents’ support networks, transportation availability, and financial circumstances. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic brought to the forefront both systemic and COVID-19 transportation challenges about which those with visual impairments experienced or had concerns or both. Implications for Practitioners: It is imperative that professionals support those with visual impairments to develop alternative plans for when their typical transportation options are disrupted.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"794-805"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1a/bb/10.1177_0145482X221143143.PMC9813643.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10511656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gathering Evidence on the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision: Looking Back and Moving Forward, With Recommendations for Future Disasters.","authors":"Arielle Silverman","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144438","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482X221144438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"843-846"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9742726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45801098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disasters and Disability: A Call to Action","authors":"G. Good","doi":"10.1177/0145482x221144405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482x221144405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"761 - 763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45456614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}