Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of Job Satisfaction for People with Visual Impairments.","authors":"Anne Steverson, Adele Crudden","doi":"10.1177/0145482X231168889","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145482X231168889","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46589546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teachers of Students With Visual Impairments: Motivations for Entering the Field of Visual Impairment and Reflections on Pre-Service Training","authors":"Rachel Anne Schles, Madeline Chastain","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221149980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221149980","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The shortage of teachers of students with visual impairments is well documented, yet little research exists exploring the motivations of why individuals join the profession. This study evaluated why alumni of a Southeastern teacher preparation program became teachers of students with visual impairments and how they chose which program to attend. Methods: A mixed methods survey was distributed to program alumni who graduated between 2000 and 2020 with a bachelor’s or master's degree in Visual Disabilities Special Education. Quantitative and qualitative data about participant demographics, motivation to become a teacher of students with visual impairments, the decision to choose the program, and experiences in the program were collected. Multiple measures were used for reliability and credibility in data analysis. Results: Forty-seven responses were received. Most respondents held at least one teaching license (n = 32) before entering the program and were drawn to the field after working with a student with visual impairment or a teacher of students with visual impairments. Participants reported hands-on and practical experiences in the community and the relationships with professors, mentors, and peers as the most impactful components of their training. Discussion: Most participants had prior teaching experiences before entering the program. Personnel preparation programs may focus program recruitment on current teachers who may be interested in becoming a teacher of students with visual impairments. Expanding the current survey to a national audience could allow for a better understanding of the motivations of the individuals who enter the profession. This information may be used to improve the recruitment of future teachers of students with visual impairments throughout the United States, and, particularly, in areas that are most affected by a shortage of these teachers. Implications for Practitioners: Relationships between school districts, teachers, teachers of students with visual impairments, and preparation programs are discussed, as well as implications for recruiting future teachers of students with visual impairments who will be motivated to stay in the field long-term.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"62 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45576385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Strategies and Nonvisual Skills Used by Orientation and Mobility Specialists Who Are Visually Impaired","authors":"N. Griffin-Shirley, Laura A. Bozeman, Phoebe A. Okungu, Chinomso Ihenagwam, The Nguyen","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221150013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221150013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To better serve students with visual impairments who are enrolled in personnel preparation programs training orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists, faculty should be aware of effective teaching strategies, tools, and resources to use. In this context, it is vital that instructors in personnel preparation programs for O&M specialists to understand how to best serve students with visual impairments. Two prior studies have addressed this need. This study sought to establish what techniques and teaching strategies O&M instructors who are visually impaired use when teaching students O&M skills to ensure their safety. Methods: This study used a qualitative research design using a case study approach to explore the teaching strategies, nonvisual skills, and accommodations that O&M instructors who are visually impaired use when teaching O&M lessons to their students. Eight participants with visual impairments who are O&M instructors were interviewed for this study. Results: The themes that emerged from the interviews included structured discovery learning and philosophy, monitoring and teaching strategies, equipment and materials, and accommodations. These findings played a vital role when instructors with visual impairments provided O&M lessons to students who are visually impaired. Discussion: This research confirms and adds to the previous research regarding instructional strategies, equipment and materials, and accommodations utilized by O&M instructors who are visually impaired. Additionally, further information was provided concerning instructional strategies (e.g., structured discovery learning and philosophy, monitoring). Implications for Practitioners: The results reported in this study can serve as guidelines for O&M personnel preparation program faculty who are teaching students with visual impairments in their blindfold or simulation cane courses. This study can also be used as a reference for students with visual impairments to advocate for accommodations with their university's office of students with disabilities to be successful in an O&M personnel preparation program.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"40 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquired Combined Vision and Hearing Loss: Awareness and Perceptions of Australian Aged Care Workers","authors":"M. G. Wittorff, G. Lewin, E. Burton","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221150221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221150221","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Understanding the attitudes, competency, and awareness of those supporting older people who have an acquired combined vision and hearing loss is an important endeavor for this population. It can help guide aged care policy makers, leaders, and managers in the allocation of resources and training. This Australian study investigated the awareness and perceptions of aged care workers on supporting older adults with acquired combined vision and hearing loss. Methods: Twenty-four participants who were employed in aged care services participated in semistructured interviews that were thematically analyzed. The interviews explored the participants’ awareness of this disability, identification within their service, adaptation strategies, and their access to relevant information. Results: Several themes emerged, including lack of identification and recording of acquired combined vision and hearing loss in this population, lack of awareness of this disability, and lack of available information or training to support aged care workers within their care setting. Discussion: Aged care workers have little understanding of the prevalence of acquired combined vision and hearing loss in an older population. Care plans are key documents for individuals, which outline their needs and any sensory losses; however, this information is not well recorded. Aged care workers have little awareness of how to effectively support this population. When encountering an individual with an acquired combined vision and hearing loss, however, an aged care worker will develop strategies to support the individual. Individuals with this acquired dual-sensory loss, as well as dementia, pose a significant challenge to aged care workers, and dementia is often the primary focus of intervention. Implications for Practitioners: It appears that older individuals living in aged care settings who have acquired combined vision and hearing loss are not adequately identified, nor are aged care workers adequately trained to support individuals with this unique disability.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"74 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41397235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mann-Whitney U test and t-test","authors":"Robert Wall Emerson","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221150592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221150592","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue of the Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness (JVIB), the article entitled, “The effect of a training video with audio description on the breast selfexamination of women with visual impairments,” by Çelik and İldan Çalım, notes that some of their primary quantitative measures do not satisfy the requirements for normality, so they are not distributed along a bell curve (for more background on this topic, review the Statistical Sidebar from the May-June issue of 2018). Because of this issue, they chose a non-parametric equivalent to the parametric statistical test they would typically use. Let us unpack that statement a bit. At its core, a parametric statistical test is one that assumes the dependent variable is normally distributed and bases its calculations on means and standard deviations. There is also a requirement that there should be enough scores in each group being compared so that the means and standard deviations are not swayed too much by outliers in the data. What constitutes “enough scores” is a matter of debate. Some say there should be at least 30 scores in each group, others simply say more is better than less. More is better than less, but you can get away with fewer than 30 scores in a group if the spread of scores in your data is small, you have tight controls on extraneous variables influencing your data, and your study design and analytical approach has additional safeguards against the influence of outliers. But these matters have more to do with study design than statistical analysis. If your data fail to satisfy the basic requirements of normal distribution, as in the article under discussion in this sidebar, then a parametric statistical test is not appropriate, because parametric tests are based on means and standard deviations. They assume that the central tendency of the normal curve (eg, most scores tend to be in the center of the curve) is in play and driving the mean of the groups being compared. If this assumption is not true, then the theoretical curve behind a group of scores is skewed to one side or the other of the curve and the mean is no longer the best estimate for representing the group of scores. Nonparametric tests were developed to accomplish the same kinds of group comparisons that parametric tests are capable of doing, but without relying on means to do them. In the article under consideration, if the Champion’s Health Belief Model (CHBM) scale scores had conformed to the normal distribution parameters, the authors would have used an independent groups t-test to compare the data of two groups: the group of women who watched the video with audio description and the group who watched the video without description. Since there are two groups, a t-test would have been used; since different women were in the two groups, the independent groups version would have been used. But, since the CHBM scores were not normally distributed, the authors used the Mann-Whitney U test as the nonparametric al","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"99 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Through Identification, Exploration, and Explanation, Advancements Are Made","authors":"S. Lewis","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221150336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221150336","url":null,"abstract":"Research involves processes that are designed to describe, explore, and explain phenomena. In this issue of the Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness (JVIB), each of these activities is represented, providing evidence of the cyclical nature of research: Problems are identified, potential solutions explored and tested, and theoretical explanations posited. Then, more study is needed and the cycle begins again.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"5 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49324292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Conceptual Framework for Digital Competence of Students With Low Vision and Blindness","authors":"Cheryl Kamei-Hannan, M. J. Tuttle, Rujira Songkhao","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221149979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221149979","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Proficient use of technology requires many intersecting skills including literacy, citizenship, advocacy, self-determination, and digital competence. In this study, the authors engaged experts in the field of visual impairment in focus groups with the purpose of defining digital competence, discussing issues related to visual impairment, identifying specific skills, and organizing technology competencies. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 32 assistive technology and literacy experts in the field of visual impairment to participate in a series of focus groups. Each focus group was presented with four main topics (1) defining digital competence, (2) identifying specific considerations for individuals with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision), (3) forming a list of technology competencies, and (4) categorizing competencies into an organized structure. Within-group consensus and across-group data saturation were achieved after nine focus groups were conducted via teleconferencing. Results: Focus groups led to three significant findings. First, the consensus was reached by participants on the definition of digital competence. Second, participants agreed upon considerations for individuals with visual impairments. Third, a set of 41 competencies was created. A consensus was not reached on categorizing the competencies. However, several themes arose including the need to address problem solving, accessibility, self-advocacy, citizenship, and self-determination, in addition to technology skills. Discussion: Authors concluded the study by presenting a framework for digital competence that may be used to guide future research. Implications for Practitioners: Students’ success in digital learning environments is predicated on skills that extend beyond device usage. In addition to using digital tools efficiently and effectively, instruction should include opportunities for self-determination, access, problem solving, critical thinking, citizenship, and advocacy.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"7 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45080486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usability of 4to24: A Transition Application for Parents of Students With Visual Impairments","authors":"K. Antonelli, Anne Steverson, Jennifer L. Cmar","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221150239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221150239","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This article covers the technical development and usability testing of 4to24, a mobile application (app) for students with visual impairments and their parents. The app includes information and resources on numerous topics to support and encourage preparation for employment from an early age. Methods: We partnered with technical developers from the blindness field to design and develop the app using an iterative approach that included usability testing at two key points in the development process. Technical developers incorporated accessibility into the app's design as it was built. Researchers conducted two rounds of usability testing with a total of 9 parents and 10 students. Participants completed specific tasks in the app and completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) to assess the app's usability. Results: Mean SUS scores were 80.83 for Round 1 and 83.75 for Round 2, indicating above-average usability at both time points. In each round, participants provided feedback on the app interface and identified issues impacting the app's ease of use. Discussion: We devised a system that automatically sends relevant informational modules to users based on the student's age, grade level, experience, and progress. The iterative design process allowed us to seek user feedback through usability testing and correct identified issues as development progressed, resulting in an intuitive and easy-to-use app. We also assessed and corrected accessibility issues as they arose, ensuring that the app met users’ accessibility needs. Implications for Practitioners: 4to24 is a usable and accessible mobile app that provides parents and students with relevant, timely information and resources to help students prepare for employment as they grow.","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"117 1","pages":"19 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43904463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Quality of Power Supply on Diabetic Retinopathy Screenings: An Experience From India","authors":"Anshul Chauhan, C. Bascaran, Mona Duggal","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221144447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221144447","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations and most governments around the world committed to sustainable development goals in 2015. The 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets aspire to bring far-reaching global changes in the field of economics, health, education, inequality, social, and environmental issues. The sustainable development goals are integrated, which means that an action in one area will bring the change in another. The third sustainable development goal (good health and well-being) aims to achieve universal health coverage through its interlinking with other goals (United Nations, 2015). Improving access to affordable and clean energy, the seventh sustainable development goal is fundamentally tied to the third. Owing to its potential to affect health services, the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasized that electricity or power is an enabling factor for universal health care access (World Health Organization, 2014). It is important to link access to energy or power to health outcomes. The availability of electricity and its interaction with the health care system is an important determinant in providing and receiving health care information and services (Devasenapathy et al., 2016). The availability of electricity that provides continuous hours of supply and stable voltage has a direct impact on health outcomes (World Health Organization, 2014). The Indian state of Punjab has been reeling under acute electricity shortage due to limited electricity generation and distribution caused by depleting coal supplies (Kannappan, 2021; Vasdev, 2021). A high number of power shortages have been reported in the state in 2021 and 2022, leaving Punjab in an acute electricity crisis (Kannappan, 2021; Vasdev, 2021). While the health sector is no exception in being affected by power outages, these have significant consequences in the accessibility of health care and affect the delivery of continuous services. Meanwhile, traditional power sources mitigate the power demands in resource-poor settings to ensure continuity of services (Klinger, Landeg, & Murray, 2014). The Indian Public Health Standard (IPHS) lists out the essential medical equipment that is necessary to deliver quality healthcare in a public health setting. Most of the essential medical equipment is dependent on electricity. The lack of availability of and nonfunctional equipment could subsequently hamper delivery of health services, in settings that have limited resources (Mani, Patnaik, & Dholakia, 2019). Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that can cause vision loss and visual","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 1","pages":"850 - 852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How One Blindness Agency Successfully Pivoted in Providing Essential Services in the Midst of a Global Pandemic.","authors":"Linda Groszew,&nbsp;Elsa Zavoda","doi":"10.1177/0145482X221143397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221143397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our article addresses how our not-for-profit organization responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by shifting our paradigm, in how we deliver programs. We created virtual programs and have been delivering them via the Zoom platform, to provide education and training to individuals adjusting to vision loss, and their family members.</p>","PeriodicalId":47438,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness","volume":"116 6","pages":"837-842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806192/pdf/10.1177_0145482X221143397.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10509202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}