IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-017-9327-z

Justin J W Powell, Jennifer Dusdal

{"title":"Science Production in Germany, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg: Comparing the Contributions of Research Universities and Institutes to Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Health.","authors":"Justin J W Powell, Jennifer Dusdal","doi":"10.1007/s11024-017-9327-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-017-9327-z","url":null,"abstract":"Charting significant growth in science production over the 20th century in four European Union member states, this neo-institutional analysis describes the development and current state of universities and research institutes that bolster Europe's position as a key region in global science. On-going internationalization and Europeanization of higher education and science has been accompanied by increasing competition as well as collaboration. Despite the policy goals to foster innovation and further expand research capacity, in cross-national and historical comparison neither the level of R&D investments nor country size accounts completely for the differential growth of scientific productivity. Based on a comprehensive historical database from 1900 to 2010, this analysis uncovers both stable and dynamic patterns of production and productivity in Germany, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Measured in peer-reviewed research articles collected in Thomson Reuters' Science Citation Index Expanded, which includes journals in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Health, we show the varying contributions of different organizational forms, especially research universities and research institutes. Comparing the institutionalization pathways that created the conditions necessary for continuous and strong growth in scientific productivity in the European center of global science emphasizes that the research university is the key organizational form across countries.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":"55 4","pages":"413-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11024-017-9327-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35215501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Who is the Scientist-Subject? A Critique of the Neo-Kantian Scientist-Subject in Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison's Objectivity. 谁是科学主体?洛林·达斯顿与彼得·加利森《客观性》中新康德主义的科学家主体批判。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-017-9313-5

Esha Shah

{"title":"Who is the Scientist-Subject? A Critique of the Neo-Kantian Scientist-Subject in Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison's Objectivity.","authors":"Esha Shah","doi":"10.1007/s11024-017-9313-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-017-9313-5","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of this essay is to closely engage with the role of scientist-subjectivity in the making of objectivity in Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison's book Objectivity, and Daston's later and earlier works On Scientific Observation and The Moral Economy of Science. I have posited four challenges to the neo-Kantian and Foucauldian constructions of the co-implication of psychology and epistemology presented in these texts. Firstly, following Jacques Lacan's work, I have argued that the subject of science constituted by the mode of modern science suffers from paranoia. It is not the fear of subjectivity interfering with objectivity but the impossibility of knowing the truth of the real that causes paranoia. Here, I have argued that it is not the ethos of objectivity that drives epistemology as Daston and Galison suggest, but the pathos of paranoia. The second challenge builds upon Kant's own denial that the perfect correspondence between the human will and the moral law is possible. Kant himself thought that an ethical human act is impossible without the component of \"pathology.\" This questions Daston and Galison's argument that there is always ethical imperative at the core of epistemic virtue. The third challenge contests the way Daston and Galison take appearance for being in their application of the Foucauldian concept of technologies of the self in modeling the master scientist-self. The fourth challenge questions the notion of the psychological and unconscious in the making of epistemology in Daston's later and earlier work. Against this background, I aim to make a claim that understanding and disclosing \"entities\" in the scientific domain presupposes an understanding of \"being\" in general. My goal is to open up the discussion for an alternative conception of the scientist-subject and thereby an affective and existential formulation of science.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":"55 1","pages":"117-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11024-017-9313-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34765688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Aviation Paradox: Why We Can 'Know' Jetliners But Not Reactors. 航空悖论:为什么我们能“知道”喷气式飞机，却不知道反应堆。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-017-9322-4

John Downer

{"title":"The Aviation Paradox: Why We Can 'Know' Jetliners But Not Reactors.","authors":"John Downer","doi":"10.1007/s11024-017-9322-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-017-9322-4","url":null,"abstract":"Publics and policymakers increasingly have to contend with the risks of complex, safety-critical technologies, such as airframes and reactors. As such, 'technological risk' has become an important object of modern governance, with state regulators as core agents, and 'reliability assessment' as the most essential metric. The Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature casts doubt on whether or not we should place our faith in these assessments because predictively calculating the ultra-high reliability required of such systems poses seemingly insurmountable epistemological problems. This paper argues that these misgivings are warranted in the nuclear sphere, despite evidence from the aviation sphere suggesting that such calculations can be accurate. It explains why regulatory calculations that predict the reliability of new airframes cannot work in principle, and then it explains why those calculations work in practice. It then builds on this explanation to argue that the means by which engineers manage reliability in aviation is highly domain-specific, and to suggest how a more nuanced understanding of jetliners could inform debates about nuclear energy.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":"55 2","pages":"229-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11024-017-9322-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35609389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

The Problem of Expertise in Knowledge Societies. 知识社会中的专家问题。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-016-9308-7

Reiner Grundmann

引用次数: 125

Enacting Identity and Transition: Public Events and Rituals in the University (Mexico and South Africa). 制定身份和过渡:大学中的公共事件和仪式(墨西哥和南非)。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-015-9287-0

Wil G Pansters, Henk J van Rinsum

引用次数: 6

The Evaluation Scale: Exploring Decisions About Societal Impact in Peer Review Panels. 评价量表：探索同行评审小组关于社会影响的决定。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-02-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-016-9290-0

Gemma E Derrick, Gabrielle N Samuel

引用次数: 0

The EPSRC's Policy of Responsible Innovation from a Trading Zones Perspective. 从贸易区的角度看 EPSRC 的负责任创新政策。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-016-9294-9

Joseph Murphy, Sarah Parry, John Walls

{"title":"The EPSRC's Policy of Responsible Innovation from a Trading Zones Perspective.","authors":"Joseph Murphy, Sarah Parry, John Walls","doi":"10.1007/s11024-016-9294-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11024-016-9294-9","url":null,"abstract":"Responsible innovation (RI) is gathering momentum as an academic and policy debate linking science and society. Advocates of RI in research policy argue that scientific research should be opened up at an early stage so that many actors and issues can steer innovation trajectories. If this is done, they suggest, new technologies will be more responsible in different ways, better aligned with what society wants, and mistakes of the past will be avoided. This paper analyses the dynamics of RI in policy and practice and makes recommendations for future development. More specifically, we draw on the theory of 'trading zones' developed by Peter Galison and use it to analyse two related processes: (i) the development and inclusion of RI in research policy at the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); (ii) the implementation of RI in relation to the Stratospheric Particle Injection for Climate Engineering (SPICE) project. Our analysis reveals an RI trading zone comprised of three quasi-autonomous traditions of the research domain - applied science, social science and research policy. It also shows how language and expertise are linking and coordinating these traditions in ways shaped by local conditions and the wider context of research. Building on such insights, we argue that a sensible goal for RI policy and practice at this stage is better local coordination of those involved and we suggest ways how this might be achieved.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":"54 ","pages":"151-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4877420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34509757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unsustainable Growth, Hyper-Competition, and Worth in Life Science Research: Narrowing Evaluative Repertoires in Doctoral and Postdoctoral Scientists' Work and Lives. 生命科学研究的不可持续增长、超竞争和价值:缩小博士和博士后科学家工作和生活的评估库。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-016-9292-y

Maximilian Fochler, Ulrike Felt, Ruth Müller

{"title":"Unsustainable Growth, Hyper-Competition, and Worth in Life Science Research: Narrowing Evaluative Repertoires in Doctoral and Postdoctoral Scientists' Work and Lives.","authors":"Maximilian Fochler, Ulrike Felt, Ruth Müller","doi":"10.1007/s11024-016-9292-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-016-9292-y","url":null,"abstract":"There is a crisis of valuation practices in the current academic life sciences, triggered by unsustainable growth and \"hyper-competition.\" Quantitative metrics in evaluating researchers are seen as replacing deeper considerations of the quality and novelty of work, as well as substantive care for the societal implications of research. Junior researchers are frequently mentioned as those most strongly affected by these dynamics. However, their own perceptions of these issues are much less frequently considered. This paper aims at contributing to a better understanding of the interplay between how research is valued and how young researchers learn to live, work and produce knowledge within academia. We thus analyze how PhD students and postdocs in the Austrian life sciences ascribe worth to people, objects and practices as they talk about their own present and future lives in research. We draw on literature from the field of valuation studies and its interest in how actors refer to different forms of valuation to account for their actions. We explore how young researchers are socialized into different valuation practices in different stages of their growing into science. Introducing the concept of \"regimes of valuation\" we show that PhD students relate to a wider evaluative repertoire while postdocs base their decisions on one dominant regime of valuing research. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of these findings for the epistemic and social development of the life sciences, and for other scientific fields.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":"54 ","pages":"175-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11024-016-9292-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34509753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

'Excellence' and Exclusion: The Individual Costs of Institutional Competitiveness. “卓越”与排斥:制度竞争力的个体成本。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-016-9298-5

Richard Watermeyer, Mark Olssen

引用次数: 1

Accounting for Impact? The Journal Impact Factor and the Making of Biomedical Research in the Netherlands. 影响会计？期刊影响因子与荷兰生物医学研究的发展》。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Minerva Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-015-9274-5

Alexander Rushforth, Sarah de Rijcke

{"title":"Accounting for Impact? The Journal Impact Factor and the Making of Biomedical Research in the Netherlands.","authors":"Alexander Rushforth, Sarah de Rijcke","doi":"10.1007/s11024-015-9274-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11024-015-9274-5","url":null,"abstract":"The range and types of performance metrics has recently proliferated in academic settings, with bibliometric indicators being particularly visible examples. One field that has traditionally been hospitable towards such indicators is biomedicine. Here the relative merits of bibliometrics are widely discussed, with debates often portraying them as heroes or villains. Despite a plethora of controversies, one of the most widely used indicators in this field is said to be the Journal Impact Factor (JIF). In this article we argue that much of the current debates around researchers' uses of the JIF in biomedicine can be classed as 'folk theories': explanatory accounts told among a community that seldom (if ever) get systematically checked. Such accounts rarely disclose how knowledge production itself becomes more-or-less consolidated around the JIF. Using ethnographic materials from different research sites in Dutch University Medical Centers, this article sheds new empirical and theoretical light on how performance metrics variously shape biomedical research on the 'shop floor.' Our detailed analysis underscores a need for further research into the constitutive effects of evaluative metrics.","PeriodicalId":47427,"journal":{"name":"Minerva","volume":"53 2","pages":"117-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4469321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33408891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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