BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Lower extremity functional performance tests and their measurement properties in athletes: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.","authors":"Rosalyn Cooke, Alison Rushton, James Martin, Andy Soundy, Lee Herrington, Nicola R Heneghan","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002389","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify functional performance tests (FPTs) with potential to identify athletes at risk of lower extremity injury (LEI) and assess their measurement properties.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Sports Science guidance.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Two-stage systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and SPORTDiscus databases from inception to 24 November 2023, supplemented by hand searching of reference lists, key journals and grey literature.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Search 1 identified FPT predicting LEI in athletes aged >16 years competing at elite, pre-elite or collegiate levels and feasible in the field. Search 2 assessed measurement properties of identified FPT. COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments risk of bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties were applied, and evidence summarised using modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-nine studies evaluating 15 FPTs were included. Reliability (n=14), measurement error (n=11), structural validity/internal consistency (n=2), criterion validity (n=11), construct validity (n=5) and responsiveness (n=1) were assessed. No FPT demonstrated high certainty for measurement properties. Y-balance test (YBT) demonstrated moderate certainty for three properties (intrarater reliability, criterion validity and responsiveness). Knee to wall (KTW), single-leg squat (SLS), drop vertical jump (DVJ) and single hop for distance (SHFD) showed moderate certainty for two properties (reliability, intra/inter test-retest; criterion validity). Side hop, functional movement screen and landing error scoring system showed moderate certainty for one measurement property. Practicability assessment revealed poor reporting of time requirements and results production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moderate-certainty evidence supported reliability and validity of five FPTs (YBT, KTW, SLS, DVJ, SHFD) used to identify athletes at LEI risk. Studies with low bias and comprehensive practicability evaluations are lacking. <b>PROSPERO registration number</b> CRD42020188932.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting.","authors":"Emily Karolidis, Alex Denton, Michael Hahn","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002517","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Consequential interactions at the cleat-surface interface are associated with non-contact torsional injury mechanics, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, in football.This study investigates the effect of sex and fatigue on plantar pressure distribution and centre of pressure excursion in cleated footwear geometries of higher (bladed) and lower (elliptical) available traction to better understand the aetiology of female injury patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>College-aged football participants (10 male, 10 female) performed a fatiguing running and cutting protocol in cleated footwear of different stud shapes. Insole pressure was recorded during intermittent lateral cuts across a multistage fatigue protocol. Peak plantar pressure during the initial cutting stance and centre of pressure trajectory across the full cutting stance were compared across both cleat types and with fatigue progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant main and interaction effects of sex, cleat and fatigue were found on peak pressure across the anterior heel, medial forefoot and lateral toes. Results suggest elliptical cleats increased peak pressure during the initial cutting stance compared with bladed cleats. Systemic fatigue progression increased the mediolateral centre of pressure excursion and posterolateral peak pressure. This posterolateral deviation is largest among females in the bladed cleat, potentially indicative of instability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest optimising cleated footwear for female athletes during their most susceptible fatigued state. Data suggest improving lateral and posterior stud arrangement on a female-informed cleat design to reduce posterolateral excursion during cutting stance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study of open goals in physical activity promotion: protocol for 'Open to Move'.","authors":"Melanie M Clarke, Davide Gargioli, Stuart Jh Biddle, Amanda L Rebar, Mark R Beauchamp, Patricia C Jackman, Simon Rosenbaum, Stewart A Vella, Christian Swann","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002621","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Open goals (eg, 'see how many steps you can reach today') have developed as a promising strategy for increasing physical activity and producing beneficial psychological outcomes such as autonomous motivation, enjoyment and confidence. However, it is not yet clear what the long-term outcomes of open goals are, what factors moderate their use or whether/how individuals transition away from open goals. Therefore, in this study ('Open to Move'), we aim to understand the mechanisms that explain why, when and for whom open goals are beneficial in promoting and maintaining physical activity. 'Open to Move' is a 12-month, exploratory, mixed-methods longitudinal study involving healthy adults aged 18-69 in Australia. Participants will receive a walking programme based on open goals via a mobile app and website, which will also provide feedback on their step counts and fortnightly one-to-one meetings online for the first 6 months. The outcomes will be measured using self-report surveys, interviews, recorded step counts on a mobile phone and process evaluation. The study is ongoing, and 81 participants have commenced thus far, with a target of 210 participants. We expect to conclude recruitment by August 2025 and anticipate that data collection will be completed by August 2026. This study will develop an understanding of the long-term outcomes of open goals, moderating factors and transitions to other goal types-providing important insights for developing a programme theory that can inform full-scale testing and implementation of open goals within physical activity interventions in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining athlete monitoring for true indicative injury prevention.","authors":"Carlos Jimenez, Evert Verhagen","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002479","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Injury prevention and performance optimisation in sports are evolving from generic strategies to more personalised, timely and data-informed approaches. Traditional systems often rely on infrequent assessments and binary classifications of injury, which fail to reflect the complexity of athlete health. This perspective advocates for a refined approach to athlete screening and monitoring that captures historical and real-time data to support precise, context-driven decisions. We differentiate between screening as a point-in-time evaluation of underlying risk and monitoring as the continuous assessment of an athlete's changing condition. The key principles of this approach include using valid, outcome-specific measures, timely data collection close to decision points and seamless integration into daily practice. By moving beyond simplistic metrics and incorporating advanced analytical techniques, this approach offers a more nuanced and proactive way to manage athlete health. It bridges the gap between research and real-world application, supporting better decision-making and long-term performance outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of 20 min yoga module for reducing burnout among healthcare workers: protocol of randomised control trial and results of pilot study.","authors":"Vikas Upadhyay, Vartika Saxena, Apar Avinash Saoji, Monika Pathania, Bela Goyal","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002637","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burnout among healthcare workers is a significant global concern that affects their well-being and professional efficacy. Yoga has shown promise in reducing burnout and improving mental health outcomes. However, due to their hectic schedules, healthcare workers often struggle to find time for self-care. A 20 min yoga module has been developed specifically for them to address this. So, this study aims to assess the efficacy of a specific 20 min yoga module in reducing burnout among healthcare workers. An open-label, two-arm, randomised controlled trial involving healthcare workers aged 20-35 years participating for 4 weeks. Exclusion criteria included recent illness, respiratory ailments, pregnancy, life-threatening medical conditions or physical inability to perform yoga. After randomisation of 108 participants, they will be equally allocated to either the yoga group (20 min yoga) or the control group (20 min medium-paced walking). The primary outcome will be burnout, whereas the secondary outcomes include stress, anxiety, selective attention and happiness. Data collection: at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention, compliance is monitored via daily attendance records. Descriptive and inferential analyses will employ intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis using SPSS 26.0. A study with 20 participants found that a 20 min yoga intervention significantly improved emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment, happiness and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety/Six-letter cancellation test scores. Cortisol levels showed trends of reduction but were not significant. These results inform the upcoming main trial. Ethical approval is obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee via letter number AIIMS/IEC/20/762. The trial findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences. Trial registration number: CTRI/2021/01/030568; Clinical Trial Registry of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of eccentric cycling in older adults affected by sarcopenia and heart failure: a feasibility and efficacy study protocol.","authors":"Valentina Muollo, Samuel D'Emanuele, Mahsa Amini, Roberto Di Marco, Valentina Cavedon, Shelley Keating, Matteo Lanceni, Martina Setti, Giovanni Benfari, Laura Ghiotto, Federico Schena, Cantor Tarperi","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002667","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for both cardiovascular diseases and sarcopenia, with exercise playing a crucial role in managing these conditions. While resistance training is widely recommended for sarcopenia, alternative exercise modalities like eccentric cycling (EC) remain largely underexplored, particularly for patients with heart failure (HF) and sarcopenia. EC, which involves muscle lengthening during contraction, offers advantages such as lower metabolic and circulatory demands than conventional concentric cycling, making it an attractive option for frail individuals with limited physical capacity. EC has emerged as a promising method, providing mechanical overload at lower energy expenditure. Despite its potential, studies on EC in older adults with HF and sarcopenia are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week EC programme in this population. Before training, participants will undergo a 2-week familiarisation period with a gradually increasing workload to ensure adaptation and minimise discomfort. The training programme will start with two sessions per week, progressing to three sessions per week, with workloads adjusted every 2 weeks to maintain the target rate of perceived exertion. The study will also assess the impact of EC on body composition, muscle strength and neuromuscular activity of upper and lower limbs, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical performance. Despite potential challenges such as patient adherence and small sample size, the study's findings are expected to provide important first data regarding the feasibility and benefits of EC for improving functional capacity in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of problem gambling among Swedish male elite football players: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Håkan Wall, Johanna Gripenberg, Tobias H Elgan","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002360","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of problem gambling and gambling behaviours among Swedish elite male football players and explore their awareness of gambling-related policies within their clubs. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with problem gambling in this group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021 among players from the 32 clubs in Sweden's top two football leagues (Allsvenskan and Superettan). Data were collected through an online survey utilising the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) alongside additional questions on gambling types, mental health, alcohol use, match-fixing and policy awareness. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to analyse predictors of problem gambling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 416 footballers participated, yielding a response rate of 58%. The prevalence of gambling in the past year and problem gambling (PGSI score≥3) was 60.6% and 6.6%, respectively. While 72% of past-year gamblers reported engaging in sports betting, only slots (OR=7.46, p=0.01) and bingo (OR=6.08, p=0.02) were significant predictors of problem gambling. Only 32% of respondents were aware of a gambling policy within their clubs. Additionally, 17.8% reported depressive symptoms, while 13.9% experienced anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of problem gambling among elite Swedish footballers, with slots and bingo posing higher risks. Sports betting, while prevalent, may contribute to the gamblification of football. The role of gambling sponsorships in normalising gambling among footballers requires further investigation. There is a need for longitudinal studies on gambling behaviours and policy awareness within clubs, and comprehensive preventive strategies to address gambling-related harm among footballers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring contextual factors for management and prevention of running-related injuries: runners and experts' perspectives.","authors":"Manuela Besomi, Sonia Roa-Alcaino, Ángela Lombardi, Rocío Vélez-Rivera, Jaime Leppe Zamora, Caroline Bolling","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002413","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Running is one of the most accessible and popular physical activities worldwide; however, injuries are the main barrier to sustaining running practice. While quantitative studies have explored prevalence and risk factors, a critical gap exists in understanding subjective experiences, perceptions and contextual influences on injury management and prevention. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of runners and experts regarding injury perception, management and prevention, as well as the contextual influence of these processes. Using a secondary data analysis approach, this study drew from qualitative semistructured interviews with Chilean runners (n=15) and running experts (n=6). Thematic analysis, guided by an interpretivist approach, uncovered intrinsic factors (identity, motivation, stress and self-learning) and extrinsic factors (environment, information sources, marketing, peer advice, professional guidance, racing, stereotype and clothing) that shaped runners' behaviours. Less experienced runners associated injury risk with asphalt surfaces, faced challenges in discerning online information reliability and found motivation in peer advice. Experts emphasised the multifactorial nature of running-related injuries, including previous injuries and training-related factors. Both groups acknowledged a global tendency among runners to resist rest when discomfort arose. This research contributed to a nuanced understanding of injury perception, management and prevention, bridging scientific knowledge with individual experiences. Clinicians may use this information to enhance the therapy alliance and set realistic expectations about the runner's rehabilitation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodologies, perspectives and strategies to promote holistic assessment of health and activity behaviours in youth with developmental disabilities: a narrative review.","authors":"Vincenzo G Nocera, Angela J Wozencroft, Dawn P Coe","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002194","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity is known to have multiple health benefits for youth with developmental disabilities (DDs). Individuals with DDs are at risk for adverse health-related outcomes. Limited research has shown that the prevalence of youth meeting recommendations for physical activity is low. However, there are challenges in assessing physical activity and achieving adequate compliance in this population, which may lead to inaccurate data. Factors that play a role in the ability of an individual to participate in adequate physical activity to meet recommendations include the ability to perform motor skills and the functional capacity to pursue and engage in a variety of activities. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the current practices, barriers and strategies associated with physical activity, motor proficiency and metabolic assessments in youth with DDs. This paper elucidates barriers to physical activity, motor proficiency and metabolic assessments in youth with DDs while providing strategies to aid in the successful administration of protocols. Evidence-based and anecdotal evidence provided in this paper supports the use of the following strategies to aid in assessment: peer modelling, parent support, individualised behaviour techniques, positive reinforcement and the use of social narratives. Future work in this area should continue to (a) critically evaluate, implement and develop assessment tools and protocols in youth with DDs and (b) establish reference data specific to the target population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocreating a programme to prevent injuries and improve performance in Australian Police Force recruits: consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement protocol.","authors":"Myles Calder Murphy, Andrea Bruder, Vanessa R Sutton, Garth Allen, Andrea Mosler, Jonathan Hodgson, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Evert Verhagen, Joanne Kemp, Caroline Jones, Joletta Belton, Debra Langridge","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002632","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We are conducting a research program to cocreate, implement and evaluate an injury prevention intervention for the Western Australia (WA) Police Force Recruit Training Academy. This programme of research has three primary phases: (1) cocreate an injury prevention intervention for the WA Police Force with WA Force recruits, WA Police Force staff, health professionals and injury prevention experts, (2) implement the injury prevention intervention into WA Police Force Recruit training and (3) evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the injury prevention intervention. Our research programme includes the involvement of consumers, industry partners and researchers. To ensure collaboration and to measure our consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement, we have developed a protocol, including qualitative and quantitative evaluation, to address potential barriers to involvement. Thus, this protocol details our consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement plan across all three phases of this 5-year project and how we will evaluate their experience and influence. Our primary objective is to ensure meaningful consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement at all stages of the research process and evaluate how the research programme was influenced by consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}