Sofia Ryman Augustsson, Susanne Linner, Bård Erlend Solstad, Ådne Ausland, Daniel Bjärsholm, Andreas Ivarsson, Jørgen Bagger Kjær, Mariah Larsson, Aron Laxdal, Felicia Radovan, Monica Klungland Torstveit, Anna Katarina Melin
{"title":"Development of the FIDES Athlete Development Program 'girls are not small boys': a digital educational intervention.","authors":"Sofia Ryman Augustsson, Susanne Linner, Bård Erlend Solstad, Ådne Ausland, Daniel Bjärsholm, Andreas Ivarsson, Jørgen Bagger Kjær, Mariah Larsson, Aron Laxdal, Felicia Radovan, Monica Klungland Torstveit, Anna Katarina Melin","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003163","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a sustainable and accessible educational programme on biopsychosocial female-specific topics, for young female athletes in organised sport, their parents and coaches for future testing and evaluation in a full-scale intervention study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A digital educational programme, along with its methodology, was developed in four steps: First, content validity of female-specific topics was identified through (a) literature reviews by an interdisciplinary research team and (b) an online survey of 1323 female athletes (aged 16-24 years) assessing perceived knowledge and knowledge needs regarding biopsychosocial topics. Second, film scripts based on identified topics were written, internally reviewed and evaluated by a pilot group of six 13-16-year-old female athletes. Third, online surveys assessing main and secondary outcomes were developed and tested in the pilot group. Finally, digital format and production were developed collaboratively with a film scholar and film technicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention development yielded 12 videos of 5-7 min, featuring sports science researchers and female elite athletes sharing their perspectives on biopsychosocial topics specific to women. The protocol development produced a quasi-experimental, modified staircase cluster trial design, including bi-weekly assessment of main (ie, well-being and sporting experiences) and secondary outcomes (eg, perceived support) at baseline, pre-, post-intervention and post-post follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study outlines the development of a digital educational intervention for young female athletes, their parents and coaches, emphasising that interdisciplinary collaboration and user engagement are key to identifying intervention components and relevant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e003163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12863372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José A Martínez, Klaus Langohr, Luciano Consuegra-Sánchez, Julian Felipo, Luis Asensio-Payá, Martí Casals
{"title":"Causes of death in NBA players: a competing risks analysis.","authors":"José A Martínez, Klaus Langohr, Luciano Consuegra-Sánchez, Julian Felipo, Luis Asensio-Payá, Martí Casals","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002917","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyse the causes of death and factors associated with mortality among NBA players using verifiable open-source data and a time-to-event approach accounting for competing risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included all 4374 former and active NBA players from 1946 to July 2019. Players who exclusively played in the American Basketball Association were excluded. The main exposure was participation in the NBA. The primary outcome was cause-specific death, categorised into: neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, external causes and idiopathic. Ethnicity and height were assessed as predictors using cause-specific adjusted Cox models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By July 2019, 864 players (19.8%) had died, 855 of them identified as African ancestry or European ancestry. Among these, 47.6% of deaths were idiopathic, 20.1% due to neoplasms, 17.6% due to cardiovascular diseases, 8.1% due to external causes and 6.5% due to other specified causes. From age 60 years onwards, neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases were the leading causes of death. At age 85 years, the estimated cardiovascular disease-related mortality was higher in African ancestry players (27%) than in European ancestry players (20%). African ancestry ethnicity was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death (adjusted HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.65), and height was positively associated with mortality from both neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort of NBA players, neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases emerged as the primary causes of death, particularly among African ancestry athletes and taller individuals. These findings underscore the need to view the long-term health of elite athletes as a public health priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e002917"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12863353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew J Darr, Lauren K Kirlin, Juan Lopez, Melissa Caswell, Mira Ananthanarayanan, Joel Robb, Mohammad N Haider, Karen R Kelly, Jason M Bailie
{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of a personalised sub-symptomatic exercise treatment programme for rehabilitation of military service members with persistent symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Andrew J Darr, Lauren K Kirlin, Juan Lopez, Melissa Caswell, Mira Ananthanarayanan, Joel Robb, Mohammad N Haider, Karen R Kelly, Jason M Bailie","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003065","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains a significant health concern for the US Military Health System and a threat to warfighter readiness. Although most service members (SMs) recover following an initial period of rest and a progressive return-to-activity protocol, a subset experience persistent cognitive, psychological and physical symptoms lasting months to years post-injury. Sub-symptomatic exercise has demonstrated efficacy in reducing exercise intolerance and expediting recovery in athletes with mTBI. Given differences in injury mechanisms between athletes and SMs, including blast exposure, it is unclear whether similar benefits extend to military populations with chronic post-concussive symptoms. This prospective, randomised controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of an adaptable, sub-symptomatic exercise treatment (ASSET) programme compared with a mobility active control (MAC) intervention in SMs with chronic mTBI symptoms. A total of 140 active-duty SMs with a history of mTBI per Department of Defense criteria and persistently elevated neurobehavioural symptoms more than 1 month post-injury will be enrolled. Following screening and informed consent, participants will be randomised to ASSET or MAC and undergo baseline assessment. Outcomes will be assessed immediately postintervention (approximately 8 weeks) and at 3 months post-treatment. The primary outcome is neurobehavioural symptom resolution. Secondary and exploratory outcomes include cognitive performance, physiological adaptation, locomotion and military-relevant functional performance. Statistical analyses will examine group differences over time to determine treatment effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e003065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evander Fung-Chau Lei, Ke-Wen Wan, Zihan Dai, Bjorn T Tam
{"title":"Effectiveness and acceptability of exercise treatments for adults with anxiety disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Evander Fung-Chau Lei, Ke-Wen Wan, Zihan Dai, Bjorn T Tam","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002781","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety disorders are persistent, functionally impairing conditions with high societal burden. In contrast, anxiety symptoms are elevated anxiety meeting scale thresholds (not formal diagnoses). While exercise is recognised as a complementary intervention for anxiety, the most effective mode of exercise for anxiety disorders remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of exercise treatments for adults with anxiety disorders via network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis were conducted, searching five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus) up to 1 March 2025. Treatments assessed included aerobic exercise, mind-body exercise (MBE), resistance training (RT), stretching, multicomponent exercise, cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, waitlist control, usual care and placebo. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 (RoB 2.0). Outcomes included anxiety severity reduction (for effectiveness) and all-cause discontinuation rates (for acceptability).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>30 RCTs (1421 participants) were included: four had low risk, 19 some concerns and seven high risk. For combined anxiety conditions (anxiety disorders and symptoms), RT was most effective (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.80, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.36, SUCRA 78.7%), followed by MBE (SMD -0.78, 95% CI -1.12 to -0.44, SUCRA 77.8%). For anxiety disorders, RT was most effective (SMD -0.79, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.40, SUCRA 78.5%) and MBE for anxiety symptoms (SMD -0.84, 95% CI -1.48 to -0.20, SUCRA 77.9%). No acceptability differences across treatments; network meta-regression showed diagnosis status did not alter effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both resistance exercise and MBE may be effective for anxiety disorders, with moderate certainty evidence. Acceptability remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42024561238.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e002781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"'Match load' construct in professional football: complexities and considerations.","authors":"Ben Dixon, Jill Alexander, Damian Harper","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002894","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The differentiation between training load and match load is an important consideration in applied practice, with the match load construct being used in athlete monitoring to inform training prescription and return to play decision-making post-rehabilitation. The term 'match load' lacks a clear definition, and its complexity requires greater recognition. We propose a practical, conceptual framework for match load and influential contextual factors to consider within professional football that may impact a player's match load. The aim of the article is to provide practitioners with definitions of match load categories and to guide future research that may help enhance the measurement and management of load to inform training and rehabilitation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e002894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorna Evelyn Mansell, Caitlin Fox-Harding, Robert U Newton, Pedro Lopez da Cruz, Sara Bayes, Favil Singh
{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of aerobic exercise as therapy for depression and anxiety in women with PCOS: a systematic review.","authors":"Lorna Evelyn Mansell, Caitlin Fox-Harding, Robert U Newton, Pedro Lopez da Cruz, Sara Bayes, Favil Singh","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002709","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in alleviating depression and anxiety symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception to July 2025.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: </strong>Randomised controlled trials were eligible if they examined the effects of exercise lasting ≥4 weeks on validated measures of depression and/or anxiety in women aged 18-45 with PCOS diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria. Publications not written in English were excluded.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science guidelines. A narrative/qualitative synthesis was used to provide an overview of the current literature on the topic. Given the limited number of eligible trials, outcomes and measurement tools, a meta-analysis was not undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 363 full-text records, three trials (n=221) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 12-16 weeks, and aerobic exercise (continuous, intermittent or high-intensity interval training) was prescribed at least three times per week. Across all studies, depression symptoms improved by 4.8%-32.4%, with one study indicating a minimal clinically important difference, while anxiety symptoms decreased by 3.6%-42.2%, measured using validated scales, including Hospital Anxiety and Depression Measurement Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Brief Scale for Anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to limited report numbers, methodological concerns and heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures. While this review aimed to assess all exercise modalities, only aerobic exercise interventions were identified. These interventions appear effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in women with PCOS. Future research should include psychological outcomes and explore resistance or combined diet-exercise interventions.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023408190.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e002709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How should we name the way people run? Advocating the use of 'running repertoire'.","authors":"Guillaume Rao, Mathis Perretant, Karsten Hollander, Laure Fernandez","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002872","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002872","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e002872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Mitra, Niamh Downing, Linda Evans, Dane Vishnubala, Jenny Roddy, Marlize De Vivo, Camilla Nykjaer
{"title":"Experiences of healthcare professionals providing physical activity advice to pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.","authors":"Marina Mitra, Niamh Downing, Linda Evans, Dane Vishnubala, Jenny Roddy, Marlize De Vivo, Camilla Nykjaer","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002827","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesise global qualitative evidence on healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences, barriers and enablers in delivering physical activity (PA) advice to pregnant and postpartum women.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review of qualitative, mixed-methods and multimethod studies, using thematic synthesis. Study quality was assessed using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence critical appraisal checklist.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Three electronic databases were searched up to 31 July 2024.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: </strong>Studies published after 2010 with a qualitative component exploring HCPs' perspectives on providing PA advice in maternity care. Only qualitative data were extracted and synthesised.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six studies from 10 countries were included, involving midwives, obstetricians, physiotherapists and other HCPs (sample sizes: 7-192), with experience ranging from 0.5 to 41 years. All studies were qualitative, with four using a multimethod study design. 18 studies focused on pregnancy, 3 on postpartum and 5 on both. Seven themes and 24 subthemes were identified. These included HCPs' attitudes toward PA, variability in advice provision and systemic and individual level barriers (eg, time constraints, lack of training, limited confidence). Proposed solutions included formal PA education, institutional support and improved resources. Fifteen studies were rated high quality and 11 moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most studies were from high-income countries, limiting generalisability to low-resource settings. The evidence base was predominantly focused on pregnancy, with limited data on postpartum PA advice. Across settings, HCPs face persistent barriers to delivering effective PA advice. Addressing these challenges through structured training and systemic support is essential to empower HCPs and promote maternal PA engagement.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023483377.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e002827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12778346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Lucia Bayer, Laura Mønsted Krohn, Lina Holm Ingelsrud, Lars Damsbo, Niels-Christian Kaldau, Julie Sandell Jacobsen, Kristian Thorborg
{"title":"#Sportskongres2026: a scientific bright spark in the Scandinavian winter.","authors":"Monika Lucia Bayer, Laura Mønsted Krohn, Lina Holm Ingelsrud, Lars Damsbo, Niels-Christian Kaldau, Julie Sandell Jacobsen, Kristian Thorborg","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003154","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e003154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12778219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bina Ram, Mark Cunningham, Emanuela Falaschetti, Anna Chalkley, Thomas Woodcock, Esther van Sluijs, Dougal Hargreaves, Sonia Saxena
{"title":"The Daily Mile and children's physical activity, mental health and educational performance: a quasi-experimental study in Greater London primary schools.","authors":"Bina Ram, Mark Cunningham, Emanuela Falaschetti, Anna Chalkley, Thomas Woodcock, Esther van Sluijs, Dougal Hargreaves, Sonia Saxena","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002821","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine associations between The Daily Mile, a school-based active mile intervention, and pupils' physical activity, mental health and educational performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Year 1 pupils (aged 5-6 years) from Greater London primary schools were invited. Schools were allocated to The Daily Mile or non-Daily Mile group based on their reported Daily Mile participation. We measured weekday school hours mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using GENEActiv accelerometers. Other outcomes included time spent sedentary and in light activity, mental health and educational performance. Multi-level linear regression models examined differences accounting for repeated measurements (day) clustered by pupils-, class- and school-level, with adjustments for sex, ethnic group, area-level deprivation and month of assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1004 pupils/40 schools were recruited and assessed between October 2021 and January 2023; 21 schools/499 pupils comprised The Daily Mile group; 19 schools/505 pupils the non-Daily Mile group. Daily Mile pupils spent 2.2 min more in MVPA compared with non-Daily Mile pupils, but the difference was not significant (0.78, 95% CI -2.14 to 3.69). Daily Mile pupils spent less time sedentary and more time in light activity compared with the non-Daily Mile pupils, but not significantly (-5.06, 95% CI -15.37 to 5.26 and 3.27, 95% CI -4.26 to 10.81, respectively). There were no differences in mental health or educational performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no associations between The Daily Mile and pupils' physical activity, mental health and educational performance. Pupils in our study were in year 1 with early exposure to the intervention; assessments over longer periods are needed to understand any benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"e002821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12766788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}