BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine最新文献

{"title":"'Good communication and good team building, it's half of the work in managing a player': how team doctors perceive communication in the European professional men's football context.","authors":"Caroline Bolling, Jan Ekstrand, Markus Waldén, Håkan Bengtsson, Michael Davison, Evert Verhagen, Martin Hägglund","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002392","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communication influences players' performance and health and is influenced by the leadership style of coaches, internal team communication and the integration of the medical team in the professional men's football setting. However, the communication process between medical teams and other stakeholders in professional football has not been described in depth. Therefore, we explored the perspectives of team doctors regarding the communication process within the medical team and with other stakeholders in men's professional football. We conducted semistructured interviews with 10 team doctors from nine teams in six countries playing at the highest level of European professional football participating in the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study. Data were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. Three main themes described the communication process: (1) communication practices, (2) communication context and (3) communication foundation. The communication practices included involving specific stakeholders, using different communication channels and considering timing. The contextual factors in team structure, available resources and team standings require them to adapt their communication strategies. The foundation of effective communication relied on cultivating trust, acting respectfully, defining clear roles, following ethics and proactively developing relationships over time. In conclusion, the communication process is highly influenced by the context while team doctors constantly communicate with a diverse stakeholder group. This requires the team doctors to adapt to the different scenarios of professional football and dedicate time and effort to cultivating trustworthy relationships with stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicentre randomised controlled trial protocol comparing structured physical exercise programme (SPEP) and medication versus conventional care for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Suraiya Yesmin Sharna, Kazi Md Azman Hossain, Feroz Kabir, Md Zahid Hossain, Sharmila Jahan, Ehsanur Rahman, Shagun Agarwal, Md Kabir Hossain, Farzana Sharmin, Azharul Islam, K M Amran Hossain","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002527","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the most widespread non-communicable diseases in the world is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, in addition to elevated blood pressure, and lipid disorders, for which physical activity and exercise programmes have shown a great impact on reducing cholesterol and glucose level. So, this study aims to generate a proper or Structured Physical Exercise Programme (SPEP) for the glycaemic control of people with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>The study will be a double-blinded, multicentre, randomised controlled trial where participants with T2DM will be enrolled from three Diabetic Centres in Bangladesh. All the participants will be allocated to experimental and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will receive 18 sessions/6 weeks of intervention with an additional 24-week follow-up. Warm-up exercises, stretching and aerobic exercise will be provided along with medication for experimental and conventional approaches will be provided in the control group. A glucometer will measure the primary outcome (capillary blood glucose level). The secondary outcomes (cardiorespiratory fitness, T2DM-related comorbidities and quality of life) will be measured by a 6-min walk-test, self-structured questionnaire and SF-36. All outcomes will be measured at baseline, post-test after 6 weeks and follow-up after 24 weeks.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>CTRI/2023/08/057032.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home-based exercise and PHysical activity maintenance interventiOn after livEr traNsplantation: Impact of eXercise intensity (PHOENIX-Liver).","authors":"Stefan De Smet, Sofie Leunis, Hanne Van Criekinge, Marieke Vandecruys, Lieze Vrancken, Marie Renier, Steffen Fieuws, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Jeroen Luyten, Jeroen Raes, Stijn Bogaerts, Sabina De Geest, Amaryllis H Van Craenenbroeck, Véronique Cornelissen, Diethard Monbaliu","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002436","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver transplant recipients experience comorbidities, including impaired physical fitness, which could be managed by exercise and physical activity interventions. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 6-month exercise intervention, followed by a 15-month tailored physical activity maintenance intervention, in de novo liver transplant recipients. This single-centre, randomised, controlled, single-blinded trial will recruit 147 adult liver transplant recipients at 3-5 months post-transplant. Participants will be randomised into (1) 6 months of enhanced usual care, not followed by a physical activity intervention (control (CON) group, n=49), (2) 6 months of moderate-intensity exercise training, followed by a physical activity intervention (moderate-intensity training (MIT) group; n=49) or (3) consecutively 3 months of moderate-intensity exercise training, 3 months of high-intensity interval training and a physical activity intervention (moderate and high-intensity training (MHIT) group; n=49). Exercise training will consist of home-based stationary bicycling and muscle-strengthening exercises, partially supervised by participants' local physiotherapists. The physical activity intervention includes an array of behaviour change techniques. Primary hypothesis: after the exercise intervention, peak oxygen uptake (V̇O₂peak) will be higher in MHIT versus CON (α-level 0.05). Secondary hypotheses: after the exercise intervention, V̇O₂peak will be higher in MIT versus CON and MHIT versus MIT (α-level 0.025). Secondary outcomes, assessed up to 2 years post-transplant, include physical fitness, cardiovascular and graft health, quality of life, physical activity and implementation outcomes. Trial registration number NCT06302205.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) and three conventional treatment approaches for biceps brachii muscle in exercise-induced delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS): a protocol for a randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Azharul Islam, K M Amran Hossain, Md Feroz Kabir, Sharmila Jahan, Ehsanur Rahman, Md Mafrohi Sattar, Md Kabir Hossain, Md Zahid Hossain","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) is a typical physiological response to unaccustomed intense exercise, characterised by pain, stiffness and reduced muscle function. DOMS is often impacting an individual's physical performance and overall well-being. For the effective management of DOMS, physiotherapy is a better option rather than analgesics or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. A research gap on radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT), myofascial release (MFR), cryotherapy, etc, has an individual and unique effect on early pain reduction and functional improvement. An assessor and participants-blinded randomised clinical trial (RCT) will be used for the investigation. On the participants, DOMS will be induced for research purposes. Three groups will receive rESWT, MFR and stretching combined with cryotherapy. After DOMS is induced, the treatment will be given once daily for 0-48 hours (three times in 3 days). Each group will include 40 students, and the research will measure how rESWT, MFR, cryotherapy and stretching affect pain alleviation before treatment (pretest), immediately after treatment (post-test-1), 24 hours later (post-test-2), 48 hours later (post-test-3) and 72 hours later (post-test-4). The outcome metric will be pain intensity and range of motion measured by pressure algometry and inclinometer. The Ethical Review Committee of Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST) has granted ethical approval. The research will adhere to the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated with stakeholders through conferences and seminars. Trial registration number: CTRI/2023/08/056649.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a sport-specific exercise programme for overhead athletes with unilateral subacromial shoulder pain: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Fabien Guérineau, Jaime Almazán-Polo, Ángel González-de-la-Flor","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subacromial shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions affecting overhead athletes, particularly those engaged in high-intensity training modalities such as CrossFit. The prevalence of shoulder injuries in this population continues to rise due to increased participation, repetitive overhead movements, and biomechanical stress on the rotator cuff and scapular stabilisers. While various rehabilitation approaches exist, no consensus exists on the most effective exercise intervention for improving shoulder function and pain outcomes in athletes with subacromial shoulder pain. Current rehabilitation protocols for overhead athletes lack specificity, failing to address the sport-specific demands and movement patterns that may contribute to persistent pain and dysfunction. This study compares the effectiveness of a sport-specific exercise programme versus a scapular stability programme in improving clinical and functional outcomes in CrossFit athletes with subacromial shoulder pain. This study follows a randomised controlled trial (RCT) design, adhering to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials guidelines for intervention-based trials. Outcome assessments will include validated patient-reported outcome measures, objective strength and mobility tests, and biomechanical performance metrics. Participants will be recruited from sports clinics and CrossFit training centres across Madrid, ensuring a representative sample of athletes experiencing shoulder pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary Health: why not empower the Sports and Exercise Medicine community to play the game of life well?","authors":"Bruno Lemarchand, Laurie Marrauld, Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux, Marine Sarfati, Pascal Edouard","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activities affect the planet by altering natural cycles. They contribute to climate change and pollution, posing challenges to ecosystems, biodiversity, human well-being and health. There is a need to consider Planetary Health, which is described as a solutions-oriented, transdisciplinary field and social movement focused on analysing and addressing the impacts of human disruptions to the Earth's natural systems on human health and all life on Earth. This viewpoint discusses the responsibilities, choices, potential roles and practical initiatives concerning Planetary Health for the Sports and Exercise Medicine (SEM) community. Practices in both medicine and sport impact the environment. We can shift our human and SEM activities and adopt a Planetary Health approach. Our role as the SEM community is to protect and promote the health of athletes and populations. This also involves caring for the environment, given the close link between environmental and human health. Therefore, as an SEM community, we are concerned about the health of our ecosystems and the importance of respecting planetary boundaries. Our scientific expertise, inspirational leadership and ethics should encourage us to raise awareness and become exemplary torchbearers. We must embrace the challenge of addressing humanity's planetary crises to rise to the occasion, uphold our values and strengthen our connection with nature: 'faster, higher, stronger-all together'.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators of exercise behaviour for frail older adults in nursing homes: protocol for a qualitative study in China.","authors":"Kejimu Sunzi, Lina Yin, Yadi Li, Xin Zhou, Cheng Lei","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise is significant for older adults to improve their poor health outcomes. It can delay weakness, enhance the quality of muscle and body balance, and prevent adverse events. However, the factors that hinder or promote exercise among frail nursing home residents are unclear. Few studies have investigated the exercise-related experiences and coping strategies of frail older adults, and it is necessary to further understand the overall situation among older adults. Therefore, this study aims to obtain information about the impact of exercise-related barriers and facilitators on the daily life of frail older adults and how they cope with this condition. Qualitative research design uses a phenomenological framework. Older adults participating in the study will be invited to describe their life experiences with exercise-related barriers and facilitators, the impact on their daily lives and the strategies they use to cope with the condition. This study will use purposeful sampling to ensure the sample provides informative cases representative of frail older adults with exercise-related barriers and facilitators. Face-to-face, personal and semi-structured interviews will be conducted in nursing homes in Sichuan, China. A trained qualitative researcher will conduct interviews. Transcripts will be analysed using NVivo V.10 qualitative software, and themes will be synthesised to highlight the critical issues raised by frail older adults about the exercise process. Understanding the awareness of frail older adults on exercise management care will help improve the existing health services in this area. This research data will be used in future research to develop a validated survey, which can be used by medical staff working in nursing homes to understand and strengthen the health service provision of frail older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconceptualisation of sport and quality of life in young athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: understanding the experiences behind the numbers through a prospective mixed-methods study.","authors":"Hana Marmura, Olivia Morassutti, Dianne M Bryant, Alan M J Getgood, Fiona Webster","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the theory of response shift in young athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) by investigating athletes' conceptualisation of quality of life (QOL) across time following ACL injury. A mixed-methods study was conducted to understand young athletes' perceived QOL through qualitative investigation of participant perspectives and quantitative self-reported QOL ratings. 20 young athletes were purposively sampled for semi-structured interviews at two timepoints: preoperatively following ACL injury, and 1 year after ACLR. During the interviews, participants also reported their QOL on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100. Transcripts were coded by two independent researchers. Descriptive quantitative analyses of QOL ratings and thematic analysis of qualitative data were conducted to identify mechanisms of response shift. Self-reported ratings of QOL indicated a recalibration response shift. When recalled preoperative scores were used in place of actual preoperative ratings, improvement in self-reported QOL was larger (median change: 13, range -6 to 62 vs median change: 29, range 5 to 75, respectively). Postoperatively, three processes of reprioritisation related to sport were identified within 16 interviews 1 year after surgery: (1) early transition away from sport as a priority, (2) expected transition away from sport as a priority and (3) sport preserved as a priority. Athletes' perception of overall QOL was influenced by the use of various coping strategies and engagement in self-reflection. QOL does not mean the same things to athletes before and after ACLR, and conceptualisations of QOL are influenced by complex factors. True change in patient-reported outcomes cannot be validly measured if the definitions of constructs are changing. We propose the SPARQ ACL Model of Sport Prioritisation and Athlete Reconceptualisation of Quality of life following ACL injury and reconstruction to help understand these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological outcomes of physical activity interventions in persistent postconcussive symptoms: a scoping review protocol.","authors":"Bayan Dehghani, Jyotpal Singh, Chase J Ellingson, J Patrick Neary","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are limited therapeutic options for patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCSs). Most PPCS assessments focus on subjective measures of progression and symptom monitoring. While early exercise interventions for rehabilitation are now considered best practice for acute concussion, no comprehensive review exists on how physical activity objectively and physiologically affects outcomes in PPCS. This scoping review protocol outlines the methods to identify the efficacy of therapeutic exercise interventions for PPCS, emphasising their impact on physiological parameters, including cardiovascular autonomic responses and cerebral autoregulation. Using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) framework, we will include all studies presenting original data. Narrative summaries will provide clinicians. An initial search in Medline/EMBASE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus will be completed. Key parameters from each study will be extracted, tabulated and discussed in a narrative inquiry. The study references will be reviewed for additional studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Future research applications from the findings will be emphasised. After completion of the review, the results will be stratified by type of physical activity as the intervention, emphasising the physiological outcomes. Mapping these findings will allow us to identify the key research priorities for future studies. Findings will be shared with PPCS practitioners and local/national committees and submitted for conferences and publications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocreating a programme to prevent injuries and improve performance in Australian Police Force recruits: a study protocol.","authors":"Myles C Murphy, Andrea B Mosler, Jonathan Hodgson, Sophia Nimphius, Evert Verhagen, Joanne Kemp, Alex Donaldson, Debra Langridge, Vanessa R Sutton, Kay M Crossley, Clare L Ardern, Carolyn A Emery, Mary A Kennedy, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Martin Hägglund, Brady Green, G Gregory Haff, Garth Allen, Andrea Bruder","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002531","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A healthy police force is a key component of a well-functioning society, yet 1 in 20 law enforcement recruits drop out of the recruit training programme due to injury. This drop-out rate has substantial economic and workforce ramifications. In the Western Australia Police Force, one in five recruits suffers a musculoskeletal injury during the recruit training programme, causing time-loss from work. We will now identify the critical elements of an injury prevention intervention and investigate the needs, experiences and suggested solutions to address potential implementation challenges. Our objective is to co-create an intervention with content and context experts, specifically for Western Australia Police Force recruits, to reduce injury prevalence, incidence rates and burden. A mixed-method participatory action research approach will guide intervention cocreation. Phase 1 will include concept mapping and phase 2 will include focus groups. This research will develop an intervention that the Western Australia Police Force can deliver to reduce injury prevalence, incidence rates and burden among recruits. The effectiveness of the intervention in reducing injury burden, economic burden and implementation will be evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}