Radiography最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the effect of thyroid shields and lead glasses on image quality and artefacts in cone beam computed tomography devices: A phantom study","authors":"L. Hafezi ,&nbsp;A. Aghaz ,&nbsp;M.R. Deevband ,&nbsp;S. Vaezi","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the impact of thyroid shields and lead glasses on the image quality (IQ) and artefacts in dental Cone Beam CT (CBCT) images. The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this protective equipment in enhancing the quality of dental CBCT images.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, a New Tom dental CBCT device was used to scan Pro-Project phantom with and without thyroid shields and lead glasses in three different large, medium, and small Fields of View (FOVs). The several key IQ parameters such as noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), homogeneity, contrast-resolution (CR), and spatial-resolution (SR), were evaluated using ImageJ software. The measurements were performed and compared in various cross-sections based on the location of test objects in the phantom.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that the use of thyroid shields and lead glasses resulted in a decrease in CNR and homogeneity parameters, while noise increased. However, there were no significant changes in SR and CR. It should be noted that the use of thyroid shields and lead glasses may increase image noise by 1–7 %. The combined use of lead shields was not included in our findings, as their effects are localized and similar to separate evaluations in adjacent areas in lower and upper sections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Thyroid shields and lead glasses during dental CBCT imaging increase image noise and reduce CNR. Proper placement is crucial, and reducing the FOV size can minimise artefacts while preserving diagnostic accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>Thyroid shields and lead glasses are vital for radiation protection. Increased noise demands attention in clinical practice. Ongoing research, training, quality assurance, and effective patient communication are essential for safety and trust in dental imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards defining the competencies and leadership attributes for radiographer-led management in clinical practice: A scoping review","authors":"J. Hapi ,&nbsp;Y. Yang ,&nbsp;T.N. Akudjedu","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Radiographer-led management is multifaceted and requires the optimal balance of clinical, administrative, technical, and people management duties. These duties demand a broad range of managerial and leadership competencies. However, the exploration of how to effectively apply these competencies and attributes in the context of clinical Radiography practice for senior leadership is limited. This review aims to identify and synthesise findings from existing literature on competencies, and leadership attributes essential for radiographer-led management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search via EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Academic Search Ultimate) and key Radiography journals for relevant articles was conducted (August 2023 to January 2025). Eligible studies were screened and documented using the PRISMA-ScR framework. Data were extracted and thematically analysed using NVivo™ (v14) to identify key themes. Narrative synthesis was used to present the core competencies and leadership attributes relevant to Radiographer-led management.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial search identified 1905 articles. Following various levels of screening, twenty-five documents were included, comprising studies (n = 23) and policy documents (n = 2), primarily from the UK and Australia. Team collaboration and communication skills were the major competencies highlighted. Furthermore, leadership attributes, including interprofessional skills and visionary thinking, emerged as crucial for radiographer-led management. These findings centre on the need for collaboration, interdisciplinary teamwork, strategic vision, resilience, professional development and role clarity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review identified competencies and leadership attributes relevant to radiography-led management. It highlighted challenges, including resource constraints and role ambiguity, while recommending evidence-based leadership training and role alignment to support radiography managers and leaders in delivering efficient services.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>Actionable guidance is required for developing tailored training and clarity of radiographer-led management roles to drive innovation that improves team performance in the delivery of better services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of health simulation with OSCE on the acquisition of radiotherapy competencies by RTT students","authors":"S. Corbin ,&nbsp;F.-X. Laborne ,&nbsp;C. Robert ,&nbsp;A. Beasse","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In France, Radiation Therapist (RTT) education requires a three-year program, which includes specific training in radiotherapy. However, the limited focus on radiotherapy during initial training contributes to a shortage of RTTs. This study examines the impact of simulation-based learning and Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) on the acquisition of essential radiotherapy competencies among third-year RTT students.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During the 2023–2024 academic year, 19 third-year RTT students participated in a study that integrated health simulation into their curriculum. The study featured five simulation stations reflecting various stages of a patient's radiotherapy journey. Students' competencies were assessed through self-evaluation questionnaires administered at three points: beginning of the year (T1), after practical workshops (PW), and post-OSCE (T3). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant improvements were observed across all stations, with marked progress in paramedical consultation skills, CT planning and immobilization, dosimetry, error identification, and image matching. For instance, students’ self-assessment ratings for paramedical consultation skills improved from 6 % rating themselves as “Good” or “Very good” at T1 to 94 % at T3 (p &lt; 0.0001). Similar significant gains were noted in other stations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Simulation-based learning, particularly through OSCEs, significantly enhances the acquisition of radiotherapy competencies. The approach is effective in deepening both technical skills and non-technical skills, such as clinical reasoning and communication.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Practice</h3><div>Given these positive outcomes, integrating simulation-based training into the RTT curriculum should be reinforced. This strategy addresses the growing demand for highly skilled RTTs and ensures that graduates are better prepared for clinical practice in radiotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic 3D camera positioning in cardiac computed tomography: A phantom study","authors":"Y.H. Hadi ,&nbsp;A. Legoff ,&nbsp;N. Moore ,&nbsp;M.-J. Murphy ,&nbsp;L. Sweetman ,&nbsp;H. Precht ,&nbsp;A. England ,&nbsp;M. McEntee","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is essential for diagnosing coronary artery disease, with accurate positioning critical for optimising image quality (IQ) and radiation exposure. Vertical misalignment can degrade IQ and increase radiation dose. Automatic 3D camera positioning systems claim to improve accuracy and reduce errors, though research on their effectiveness in CCTA remains limited. This study evaluates positioning accuracy, radiation dose, and IQ when using automatic 3D camera positioning in CCTA across scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective phantom study utilised the Multipurpose Chest N1 Phantom (Kyoto Kagaku, Japan) across three body sizes. Positioning variations included supine versus prone, head-first versus feet-first orientations, and various body surface coverings. CT scans were undertaken on a GE Revolution Apex Elite (GE Healthcare, USA) scanner. Vertical offsets from the isocentre were measured using DoseWatch software (GE Healthcare), while radiation dose was quantified through dose-length product (DLP) and Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI_vol). IQ was assessed by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and conspicuity index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Automatic 3D camera positioning achieved a mean (standard deviation) vertical offset of −1.0 (1.5) mm. Larger phantom sizes were significantly associated with increased off-centring, as indicated by Fisher's exact test (p = 0.004), and greater offsets correlated with higher radiation doses (r = 0.45, p &lt; 0.05). IQ metrics, including SNR and CNR, decreased with increased offsets; SNR dropped from 71. to 50.9, and CNR from 0.2 to −0.6.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates that automated 3D camera positioning in CCTA supports radiographers by enhancing positioning accuracy, lowering radiation exposure and improving IQ. Further work should examine the impact of automatic 3D camera positioning within clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Implication for practice</h3><div>Automatic 3D camera positioning in CCTA will likely improve patient care and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New method for measuring right–left shunt fraction by quantitative analysis using SPECT/CT images","authors":"Y. Nojima ,&nbsp;Y. Yamazaki ,&nbsp;S. Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>We devised a quantitative method for measuring the right–left shunt fraction using SPECT/CT images.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, 43 patients at our hospital underwent pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy with ^99mTc-macroaggregated albumin. The lung radioactivity dose was calculated via quantitative analysis, and the lung uptake proportion (%) of the total dose was calculated. The right–left shunt fraction was calculated by subtracting the lung uptake proportion from the total dose (100 %), and the results was evaluated by comparing the right–left shunt fraction measured using the quantitative method with the results obtained using whole-body planar imaging (W.B.).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In cases without a shunt, no significant difference in measurement results was observed between the two methods (<em>p</em> = 0.55). Conversely, when a shunt was present, the shunt fraction was 19.0 % ± 6.0 % for the W.B. method and 29.1 % ± 10.2 % for the quantitative method, with the difference being statistically significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the quantitative method demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.948 and an accuracy of 93.0 % when employing a threshold of 19 %–22 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>When shunts were present, the quantitative method showed a significantly higher shunt fraction than the W.B. method. However, an accuracy of &gt;90 % could be obtained by setting the threshold range to 19 %–22 %, indicating that the quantitative method is useful for diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>Improving the accuracy of shunt fraction measurement using quantitative methods, it will be possible to assess the severity of right-to-left shunts and evaluate treatment outcomes. In addition, this method can be used to evaluate a right-left shunt even when it is difficult to obtain a whole-body image and is expected to be applied clinically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Bridging gaps in chest radiograph diagnosis: The SCIEPR checklist for equitable and sustainable practice in low-resource settings","authors":"D. Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102970","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Response to “Bridging gaps in chest radiograph diagnosis: The SCIEPR checklist for equitable and sustainable practice in low-resource settings”","authors":"K.M. Sethole","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102971","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and fundamental psychometric properties of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Child-Anxiety Questionnaire (MRIC-AQ)","authors":"B.-M. Ahlander ,&nbsp;K. Årestedt ,&nbsp;B.M. Christensen","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Magnetic Resonance Imaging is known to provoke anxiety among children, and they may need to be examined with the help of anaesthesia, which has risks. An instrument is needed to evaluate children's anxiety related to a procedure with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The study aims to adapt and evaluate a children's version of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The ‘Magnetic Resonance Imaging Child-Anxiety Questionnaire’ (MRIC-AQ) was drafted by an expert group consisting of a paediatric nurse, a teacher and two radiographers. This version was discussed in focus groups consisting of 10 children between the ages of four and 12 years. The children's suggestions were summarised and analysed using thematic analysis. The revised questionnaire was again discussed with focus groups of children before a paediatric nurse made final readjustments. For a basic psychometric analysis, children undergoing MRI-examinations without anaesthesia were asked to answer the MRIC-AQ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Responses to the questionnaire were gathered from 77 children (girls = 44, boys = 33) aged five to12 years (M = 9.3, SD = 1.7). Only two missing data points were found. The median of the total scale score was 25 (P₂₅–P₇₅ = 21–29), which is below the midpoint of the scale. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 (95 % CI = 0.78–0.89).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The MRIC-AQ has been developed with the help of children. It has satisfactory elementary psychometric properties and will be a useful tool for investigating different interventions for children.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>This new instrument (MRIC-AQ) is considered to be of great value when different kinds of interventions are evaluated, all to make MRI examinations as positive an experience as possible. This helps children to undergo examinations without fear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic radiographers’ lived experiences of trauma imaging","authors":"S. Wahid,&nbsp;S. Lewis,&nbsp;Y. Casmod","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Gauteng in South Africa experiences a high volume of trauma cases that necessitate hospital admissions and medical interventions. As part of the healthcare team, radiographers are responsible for imaging patients with trauma injuries. Treating patients with trauma injuries has a significant impact on the psychological functioning of healthcare workers. Therefore, it was essential to understand diagnostic radiographers' experiences during trauma imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative approach with a phenomenological research design was used. Individual interviews were conducted with qualified diagnostic radiographers experienced in trauma imaging who were purposively sampled from private and public trauma healthcare settings in the Gauteng province. The interview data were thematically analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three themes and related subthemes were generated: 1) Adverse effects of trauma imaging with the subthemes, professional emotional saturation, desensitisation and vicarious traumatisation; 2) Managing the effects of trauma imaging with the subthemes, preparedness and coping strategies; 3) Developing from trauma imaging experiences with the subthemes post-traumatic growth and professional dedication.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Diagnostic radiographers shared that trauma imaging negatively affected them emotionally, compounded by inadequate support and resources. Those with prior exposure to trauma imaging or personal trauma experiences coped better. Despite these challenges, radiographers valued their roles and the chance to improve their skills, expressing a strong passion for their profession and a commitment to their patients' well-being. Diagnostic radiographers would benefit from counselling services and opportunities to debrief.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>This study provides valuable insights into the experiences of diagnostic radiographers working in trauma imaging. These findings can be instrumental for medical imaging departments as they develop targeted strategies to support radiographers imaging trauma patients. Additionally, radiography educators can use the study findings to prepare students for trauma imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of artificial intelligence for radiation dose reduction in computed tomography —A scoping review","authors":"M. Bani-Ahmad ,&nbsp;A. England ,&nbsp;L. McLaughlin ,&nbsp;Y.H. Hadi ,&nbsp;M. McEntee","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.102968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is now transforming medical imaging, with extensive ramifications for nearly every aspect of diagnostic imaging, including computed tomography (CT). This current work aims to review, evaluate, and summarise the role of AI in radiation dose optimisation across three fundamental domains in CT: patient positioning, scan range determination, and image reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive scoping review of the literature was performed. Electronic databases including Scopus, Ovid, EBSCOhost and PubMed were searched between January 2018 and December 2024. Relevant articles were identified from their titles had their abstracts evaluated, and those deemed relevant had their full text reviewed. Extracted data from selected studies included the application of AI, radiation dose, anatomical part, and any relevant evaluation metrics based on the CT parameter in which AI is applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>90 articles met the selection criteria. Included studies evaluated the performance of AI for dose optimisation through patient positioning, scan range determination, and reconstruction across various CT scans, including the abdomen, chest, head, neck, and pelvis, as well as CT angiography. A concise overview of the present state of AI in these three domains, emphasising benefits, limitations, and impact on the transformation of dose reduction in CT scanning, is provided.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AI methods can help minimise positioning offsets and over-scanning caused by manual errors and helped to overcome the limitation associated with low-dose CT settings through deep learning image reconstruction algorithms. Further clinical integration of AI will continue to allow for improvements in optimising CT scan protocols and radiation dose.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>This review underscores the significance of AI in optimizing radiation doses in CT imaging, focusing on three key areas: patient positioning, scan range determination, and image reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 102968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}