Radiography最新文献

{"title":"Real-time dosimetry, organs dose and risk assessment for CBCT thorax protocols in IGRT procedures","authors":"A. Campos ,&nbsp;A.C. Sá ,&nbsp;Y. Romanets ,&nbsp;P. Vaz ,&nbsp;S. Di Maria","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is essential in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT), enabling more accurate treatments but increasing patients exposure to radiation. Despite advancements in dose reduction acquisition methods, routine daily CBCT imaging can still result in a considerable cumulative radiation dose to the patient, which should be considered and assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study aimed at estimating the radiation doses absorbed with MOSFET detectors of some radiosensitive organs (e.g. lung, stomach, liver) during thoracic CBCT examination and calculates the risk of cancer incidence and mortality with adult thorax physical phantom.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The absorbed doses in the aforementioned organs ranged between 3 mGy and 8 mGy per fraction, close to the isocenter. Over 33 fractions, the cumulative absorbed dose reached approximately 260 mGy. The analysis of cancer incidence and mortality risk through BEIR VII model revealed that the lungs have the highest number of cases for each age considered (20–80 years interval). Comparing dose assessment obtained using several methods (Monte Carlo, TLDs and MOSFETs), with the same irradiation protocol, lung dose varies among 2.08 mGy and 7.60 mGy, whereas the heart varies among 4.9 Gy and 10 mGy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although surrogate dose-index methods are often used, organ absorbed doses assessment should be the preferred method to assess the magnitude of realistic organ radiation risk of populations undergoing examinations with ionizing radiation.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>Promoting experimental dosimetry phantom studies in a more harmonized way would increase the accuracy of organ absorbed dose assessment and consequently would improve the risk communication and decision-making for better CBCT protocols choice in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating sonographer work-integrated learning: A thematic analysis of workforce pressures, training barriers and student wellbeing","authors":"P. Boucaut ,&nbsp;R. Tunny ,&nbsp;K. McMahon ,&nbsp;B. Osborne ,&nbsp;K. Lamb ,&nbsp;J. Wardle ,&nbsp;T. Reddan ,&nbsp;C. Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sonography Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) is increasingly challenged by workforce shortages, high service demands, and limited supervisory capacity. Despite WIL's critical role in sonographer education pathways, there is limited empirical understanding of how these pressures are experienced by trainees and clinical supervisors, whose insights are vital for shaping meaningful and practical reforms. This study addresses that gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between July and November 2024, an online Qualtrics survey gathered insights from trainee sonographers and clinical supervisors across Australia who had participated in WIL within the past 12 months. Participants were recruited through professional contacts, sector networks and online platforms. Open-ended questions explored barriers, training challenges, support needs, and wellbeing. Responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify key themes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 431 participants completed the survey: 266 clinical supervisors (62 %) and 165 trainee sonographers (38 %). Findings revealed that the clinical training environment is shaped by a complex interplay of structural, systemic, and institutional challenges, resulting in a network of interconnected pressures. These pressures place a substantial, and often underestimated, emotional and cognitive burden on sonography trainees. Respondents called for enhanced support systems, formal recognition and targeted training of clinical supervisors, and prioritization of educational outcomes and trainee wellbeing during WIL. The study underscores the need for sector-wide collaboration and sustained investment to address these challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>WIL must be reimagined to foster supportive, effective learning environments that reflect the clinical environmental realities.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>Without urgent reforms, trainee sonographer wellbeing and workforce sustainability are at risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological trends of community-based participatory radiography research in Singapore","authors":"A. Mohamed Afif ,&nbsp;A.Y.H. Kee,&nbsp;C.P.Y. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a vital methodological approach, especially within Singapore’s diverse population. CBPR facilitates engagement from various communities and stakeholders, ensuring relevance to population needs. However, current trends in CBPR within radiography remains unclear. This paper aims to review existing methodological trends in CBPR within radiography to inform future research directions and support translation to clinical practices in Singapore.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive review of published literature indexed from Singapore Health Services database from January 2014 to January 2025 was conducted. Two independent reviewers evaluated each study on its study design, data collection techniques, and analytical strategies. A third reviewer was consulted to reach consensus when discrepancies approach. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and thematic analysis was applied to identify methodological patterns in CPBR studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1195 publications were retrieved. After exclusion, 68 radiography-related publications were included in the analysis. Of these, 38 (55.9 %) utilised CBPR approaches. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes: (1) diagnostic studies to evaluate or improve clinical protocols, (2) assessment of new/emerging technologies, (3) implementation of education approaches adapted into practice, and (4) workplace operations assessment and refinement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CBPR plays a significant role in informing methodological approaches for research projects aimed at enhancing long-term clinical implementation outcomes in diverse populations.</div></div><div><h3>Implication for practice</h3><div>The CPBR approach is essential to future-proofing technological advancements and ensuring generalisability of research findings to meet population-specific needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: “comment on ‘convolutional neural network application for automated lung cancer detection on chest CT using Google AI Studio’”","authors":"Z. Aljneibi,&nbsp;S. Almenhali,&nbsp;L. Lanca","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103296","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listening to and learning from patients: A review of the results from the 2023 national radiotherapy patient experience survey in England","authors":"D. Hutton ,&nbsp;M. Bates ,&nbsp;K. Lowery ,&nbsp;P. Booker ,&nbsp;L. McKie ,&nbsp;H. Wong ,&nbsp;H. Stewart ,&nbsp;H.P. White","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Emphasised through the radiotherapy service specification alongside a range of policies, there is a need to ensure the patient voice is listened to and heard. Ensuring patients are ‘cared about’ throughout their radiotherapy treatment is essential. Reviewing the expectations of patients and capturing their experiences of radiotherapy, enables improvement to our radiotherapy services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online survey including open and closed questions about patient experience was distributed to adult external beam radiotherapy patients (EBRT), attending radiotherapy within 10 Radiotherapy Operational Delivery Networks in England. Patients completing radiotherapy treatment 4th - 29th September 2023 were eligible to participate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A 30.6 % response rate was gained (calculated from RTDS data). Over 2500 responses were received, with 2486 suitable for analysis.</div><div>Respondents stated ‘complete understanding’ of knowledge of late effects of radiotherapy was 58.6 %, with early effects at 73.7 %. Most patients (93.8 %) were happy or very happy with information received prior to EBRT starting. The vast majority (95 %) stated they were treated with dignity and respect, with a few describing examples where this had not been the case.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The majority of patients responding to this survey indicated they experienced high quality care:<em>‘… the staff, from top to bottom, are quite exceptional. They represent the very best of the NHS and I am truly grateful</em>.’</div><div>From a service improvement perspective, also highlighted was the need to review delivery and content of information given both pre- and post-radiotherapy treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>The need for a biennial National Radiotherapy Patient Experience Survey is required. This needs to be available in a range of alternative formats to ensure all voices can be heard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of iodinated contrast media enhancement on size-specific dose estimates in emergency thoracic CT","authors":"A. Khallouqi ,&nbsp;H. Sekkat ,&nbsp;A. Halimi ,&nbsp;Y. Madkouri ,&nbsp;O. El Rhazouani","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Accurate estimation of patient radiation dose is crucial in emergency computed tomography (CT), where rapid multiphase imaging is routine. The Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) incorporates patient size using the water-equivalent diameter (Dw), but standard calculations assume patient size remains constant across scan phases. Contrast administration, however, modifies tissue attenuation and may alter both Dw and SSDE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive emergency thoracic CT examinations was conducted, each including non-contrast (C–) and contrast-enhanced (C+) phases. Automatic tube-current modulation was applied for all acquisitions. From 22,000 slice-level observations, the scanner-reported volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), Dw, size-specific conversion factor (f), and SSDE were calculated using AAPM-recommended equations. Phase-wise comparisons were performed using paired <em>t</em>-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean SSDE increased from 11.64 ± 1.11 mGy (C–) to 11.96 ± 1.17 mGy (C+), a statistically significant 2.7 % rise (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The apparent cause was a 3.4 % decrease in Dw (21.98 mm → 21.24 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), reflecting higher post-contrast attenuation interpreted as smaller patient size. This led to a 2.8 % increase in <em>f</em>, further amplified by the scanner's compensatory increase in tube current.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SSDE is a dynamic rather than static parameter, increasing systematically during contrast-enhanced thoracic CT because of both algorithmic artefacts and real modulation of scanner output. Reliance on a single averaged SSDE across multiphase protocols may underestimate patient dose.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>Phase-specific SSDE reporting provides a more accurate and transparent assessment of patient radiation exposure in emergency CT. Integrating automated, phase-resolved SSDE computation into dose-management systems would enhance clinical decision-making, support protocol optimization, and improve adherence to the ALARA principle in daily radiology practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental study of a novel image quality index for optimising image quality and dose in digital radiography systems","authors":"R. Higashide ,&nbsp;K. Kanamori","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The lack of comprehensive image quality index in digital radiography systems is an issue that needs to be addressed. This paper proposes a novel image quality index and reports a fundamental study employing a phantom. This study introduced <em>SNR</em>_IQ, which is a novel image quality index developed through a novel analytical algorithm and validated by phantom experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To validate the performance of the proposed index, i.e., <em>SNR</em>_IQ, we conducted a comparative analysis using the conventional image quality index <em>SNR</em>_CONV and EI values. Using different subject thicknesses, grids, and doses, the CDRAD phantoms and abdominal phantoms were imaged. Inverse of image quality figure (<em>IQF</em>_inv) and the average psychological measurement values obtained by visual assessment were analyzed, and then compared with image quality indices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The <em>SNR</em>_IQ evaluation demonstrated a significantly strong correlation with <em>IQF</em>_inv (<em>R</em>² = 0.949) evaluation and visual assessments (<em>R</em>² = 0.943). The <em>SNR</em>_IQ is a promising alternative, which correlates strongly with genuine image quality assessments, and provides immediate feedback alongside acquired images. Conversely, the <em>SNR</em>_CONV was inadequate as a comprehensive image quality index. The EI value served limited clinical purposes related to dose assessment, and it was inadequate as a comprehensive image quality index.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our proposed <em>SNR</em>_IQ was able to assess image quality more accurately than conventional image quality indices.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>By incorporating <em>SNR</em>_IQ, which is superior to conventional image quality indices, into existing systems, optimization of both dose and image quality can be improved. This rectifies the EI value's limitations, supports image quality management for various patient profiles, and enables informed decisions on dose adjustment or re-imaging. Extending exposure indicators to include <em>SNR</em>_IQ values can enhance examinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative versus qualitative analysis of breast lesions using mammography and ultrasonography: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Z. Nkrumbih ,&nbsp;E. Ekpo ,&nbsp;A. Jusabani ,&nbsp;C. Rainey ,&nbsp;A. England ,&nbsp;M.F. McEntee","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Mammography and ultrasound are common tools for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Quantitative analysis of imperceivable information from their images can be incorporated into breast cancer diagnosis. However, the impact of quantitative information on diagnostic performance is poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EBSCO databases to identify English-language studies comparing qualitative and quantitative image analyses for breast lesions. Eligible studies were independently screened and selected by two reviewers. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were extracted and pooled using Review Manager 5.4 and MetaDisc 1.4. The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six studies were included. For qualitative analysis, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95 % CI: 0.78–0.91) and 0.78 (0.71–0.84), respectively, with an AUC of 0.89 (0.86–0.91). Quantitative analysis demonstrated similar sensitivity, 0.84 (0.77–0.90), but significantly higher specificity, 0.90 (0.85–0.94), with an AUC of 0.92 (0.89–0.94). The 12-percentage point increase in specificity for quantitative methods was statistically and clinically significant (Z = −2.97, p = 0.003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Quantitative image analysis shows comparable sensitivity, but superior specificity compared to qualitative approaches in breast imaging. These findings suggest that quantitative methods may improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce false positives in the assessment of breast lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>The higher specificity of quantitative image analysis may reduce unnecessary breast biopsies there by improve patient care and resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The understandings, experiences and attitudes of diagnostic radiographers regarding forensic radiography as part of their daily practice working in South Africa","authors":"L.A. Gower ,&nbsp;G. Lovric ,&nbsp;N.P. Nkosi ,&nbsp;N. Mountford ,&nbsp;N. Ndlovu","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2025.103300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Health Professions Council of South Africa recognises forensic radiography as an aspect of the diagnostic radiographer's scope of practice. In contrast, the International Association of Forensic Radiographers asserts that forensic imaging should be voluntary and undertaken only by radiographers who have received formal training in the field. This study aimed to explore diagnostic radiographers' understanding, experiences, and attitudes towards forensic radiography as encountered in their daily practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A purposive sampling method was employed to recruit radiographers who were knowledgeable about forensic radiography through their daily practice. Participants were required to have performed forensic radiographic imaging on both living and deceased individuals and to have practised in either the public or private clinical sectors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 consenting diagnostic radiographers via the online platform Microsoft Teams. Thematic analysis was performed using an inductive approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four distinct themes emerged; Learning and understanding forensic radiography; Practicing forensic radiography; Emotional and psychological responses; Attitudes and motivation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings highlighted the complex and emotionally demanding nature of this domain, which intersects clinical and legal responsibilities. Variability in knowledge and preparedness was evident, influenced by limited undergraduate exposure, informal on-the-job learning, and inconsistent institutional support. While many radiographers valued contributing to justice, others reported apprehension and emotional distress, especially when imaging deceased individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>These findings underscore the need for structured education, standardised forensic protocols, and psychological support to prepare radiographers for the complexities of forensic imaging. Formalised postgraduate training and maintaining voluntary participation are critical to building professional competence and resilience in this demanding field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prelim ii - EFRS Member","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.radi.2026.103387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radi.2026.103387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47416,"journal":{"name":"Radiography","volume":"32 2","pages":"Article 103387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}