Scandinavian Journal of Pain最新文献

{"title":"Making sense of pain in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A qualitative study.","authors":"Adela Kacorova, Amanda C de C Williams","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, gastrointestinal tract condition, in which pain is one of the most widespread and debilitating symptoms, yet research about how individuals make sense of their IBD pain is lacking. The current study aimed to explore how individuals with IBD understand their pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty participants, recruited via the Crohn's & Colitis UK charity, were interviewed about their understanding of their IBD pain using the Grid Elaboration Method that elicits free associations on which it invites elaboration. Thematic analysis was used to organise transcribed verbatim data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three related themes - <i>making sense of my pain, navigating my care and support</i> and <i>it takes its toll</i> - comprising seven sub-themes, illustrated the ways in which participants made sense of pain experientially, multi-dimensionally, and in the broader context of IBD and its symptoms. The psychological impact of pain was evident across all interviews.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings are consistent with other research in IBD pain, demonstrating the importance of pain in IBD. Sense-making underpins both emotional and practical responses to pain and ideally is constructed as an integral part of clinical care of IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-related pain experienced in daily life is difficult to communicate and to manage - for patients and for professionals.","authors":"Tine Ikander, Mette Raunkiær, Cecilie Voetmann, Caroline V Pedersen, Lene Jarlbaek","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0107","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to gain qualitative insight into cancer patients' experiences, explanations, and management strategies regarding their cancer-related pain (CP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen patients with CP were interviewed using a semi-structured interview approach. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. The patients all participated in cancer rehabilitation courses arranged by the research clinic at The Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three themes were identified: (1) <i>Explaining CP:</i> Patients found it difficult to explain how they experienced their pain. They lacked words, and they frequently used invasive metaphors such as \"<i>Pain feels like a heart attack\"</i> (2). <i>Strategies and barriers to the management of CP</i>: Initiatives provided by healthcare professionals (HCPs) were perceived as insufficient, and the patients missed guidance in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to pain management. Several saw medicine as unnatural for their body, and they focused on side effects and the medicine affecting their quality of life. (3) <i>Responsibility for managing CP:</i> A lack of responsiveness from the HCPs and taking on responsibility for pain management were experienced by several of the patients. The patients expressed uncertainty about whom to contact for help with the management of their CP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The patients' difficulties in explaining, understanding, and communicating their pain and pain management contributed to insufficient pain management. They were also uncertain about who had the responsibility to help them to achieve pain relief. These results share the evidence drawn from studies on patients with chronic non-cancer pain. This qualitative study highlights the need for having more focus on a common language and shared understanding between patients and HCPs. It also underpins the importance of HCPs to assume their responsibility to help patients manage their pain conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which patients with chronic low back pain respond favorably to multidisciplinary rehabilitation? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Claus Kjærgaard, Anne Mette Schmidt, Josefine Beck Larsen, Trine Bay Laurberg, Inger Mechlenburg","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0139","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify prognostic variables at baseline associated with being responding favorably to multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A responder analysis was conducted based on data from a randomized controlled trial with 26-week follow-up including 165 patients with CLBP treated at a Danish multidisciplinary rehabilitation center. Patients were dichotomized into responders and non-responders based on the outcome of a minimal clinically important difference of six points on the Oswestry Disability Index. The associations between prognostic variables and responders were analyzed using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 139 patients completed the study, of which 42% were classified as responders. Sex and employment status were statistically significant, with a decreased odds ratio (OR) of being a responder found for males compared to females (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02-0.48) and for being on temporary or permanent social benefits (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10-0.75) compared to being self-supporting or receiving retirement benefits. Statistically significant interaction (OR = 8.84, 95% CI = 1.11-70.12) was found between males and being on temporary or permanent social benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with CLBP, female patients as well as patients who were self-supporting or receiving retirement benefits were significantly more likely than male patients or patients on temporary or permanent social benefits to be a responder to multidisciplinary rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity with person-centered guidance supported by a digital platform or with telephone follow-up for persons with chronic widespread pain: Health economic considerations along a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Hanna Gyllensten, Anette Larsson, Anna Bergenheim, Emmelie Barenfeld, Kaisa Mannerkorpi","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0131","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim was to investigate the resource use and costs associated with the co-creation of a physical activity plan for persons with chronic widespread pain (CWP) followed by support through a digital platform, compared to telephone follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 12-month cost comparison study following up results after a randomized controlled trial, individuals with CWP, aged 20-65 years, were recruited at primary healthcare units in Western Sweden. All participants developed a person-centered health-enhancing physical activity plan together with a physiotherapist. Participants were then randomized to either an intervention group (<i>n</i>  =  69) who had a follow-up visit after 2 weeks and was thereafter supported through a digital platform, or an active control group (<i>n</i>  =  70) that was followed up through one phone call after a month. Costs to the health system were salary costs for the time recorded by physiotherapists when delivering the interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reported time per person (2.8 h during the 12 months) corresponded to costs of SEK 958 (range: 746-1,517) for the initial visits and follow-up (both study groups), and an additional 2.5 h (corresponding to a mean SEK 833; range: 636-1,257) for the time spent in the digital platform to support the intervention group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After co-creation of a physical activity plan, it was more costly to support persons through a digital platform, compared to telephone follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tramadol-paracetamol for postoperative pain after spine surgery - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"Emma Lappalainen, Jukka Huttunen, Hannu Kokki, Petri Toroi, Merja Kokki","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0105","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Multimodal pain management is one component in enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. Here we evaluate the efficacy of tramadol-paracetamol in acute postoperative pain and pain outcome at 12 months after spine surgery in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomized 120 patients undergoing spine surgery to receive, for add-on pain management, two tramadol-paracetamol 37.5 mg/325 mg (<i>n</i> = 61) or placebo tablets (<i>n</i> = 59) twice a day for 5 postoperative days. In the hospital, multimodal pain management consisted of dexketoprofen and oxycodone. After discharge, patients were prescribed ibuprofen 200 mg, maximum 1,200 mg/day. Pain, analgesic use, and satisfaction with pain medication were followed up with the Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire before surgery and at 1 and 52 weeks after surgery. The primary outcome was patients' satisfaction with pain medication 1 week after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 1 week after surgery, patients' satisfaction with pain medication was similarly high in the two groups, 75% [interquartile range, 30%] in the placebo group and 70% [40%] in the tramadol-paracetamol group (<i>p</i> = 0.949) on a scale: 0% =  not satisfied, 100% = totally satisfied. At 1 week, ibuprofen dose was lower in the placebo group 200 mg [1,000] compared to the tramadol-paracetamol group, 800 mg [1,600] (<i>p</i> = 0.016). There was no difference in the need for rescue oxycodone. Patients in the tramadol-paracetamol group had more adverse events associated with analgesics during the first postoperative week (relative risk = 1.8, 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Add-on pain treatment with tramadol-paracetamol did not enhance patients' satisfaction with early pain management after back surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social determinants of health in adults with whiplash associated disorders.","authors":"Lisa Jasper, Ashley D Smith","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0118","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although it is well-known that chronic diseases need to be managed within the complex biopsychosocial framework, little is known about the role of sociodemographic features in adults with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and their association with health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between various sociodemographic features (age, sex, ethnicity, education, working, marriage, caring for dependents, and use of alcohol and drugs) and health outcomes (pain, disability, and physical/mental health-related quality of life) in WAD, both through their individual relationships and also via cluster analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Independent <i>t</i>-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests (with Mann-Whitney tests where appropriate) were used to compare data for each health outcome. Variables demonstrating a significant relationship with health outcomes were then entered into two-step cluster analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>N</i> = 281 participated in study (184 females, mean (±SD) age 40.9 (±10.7) years). Individually, level of education (<i>p</i> = 0.044), consumption of non-prescribed controlled or illegal drugs (<i>p</i> = 0.015), and use of alcohol (<i>p</i> = 0.008) influenced level of disability. Age (<i>p</i> = 0.014), marriage status (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and caring for dependents (<i>p</i> = 0.036) influenced mental health quality of life. Collectively, two primary clusters emerged, with one cluster defined by marriage, care of dependents, working status, and age >40 years associated with improved mental health outcomes (<i>F</i> _1,265 = 10.1, <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Consistent with the biopsychosocial framework of health, this study demonstrated that various sociodemographic features are associated with health outcomes in WAD, both individually and collectively. Recognizing factors that are associated with poor health outcomes may facilitate positive outcomes and allow resource utilization to be tailored appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Chronic post-thoracotomy pain after lung cancer surgery: a prospective study of preoperative risk factors\".","authors":"Allan Vestergaard Danielsen, Jan Jesper Andreasen, Birthe Dinesen, John Hansen, Kristian Kjær-Staal Petersen, Carsten Simonsen, Lars Arendt-Nielsen","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2024-0021","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2024-0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex moderates the association between quantitative sensory testing and acute and chronic pain after total knee/hip arthroplasty.","authors":"Ana C Paredes, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Armando Almeida, Patrícia R Pinto","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Acute postsurgical pain (APSP) may persist over time and become chronic. Research on predictors for APSP and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) has produced inconsistent results. This observational study aimed to analyze psychological and psychophysical variables associated with APSP and CPSP after total knee or hip arthroplasty, and to explore the role of sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Assessments were conducted before surgery, 48 h, and 3 months postsurgery, including questionnaires (sociodemographic, pain related, and psychological) and quantitative sensory testing (QST). Hierarchical linear regression models analyzed potential predictors of APSP and CPSP, and moderation analyses evaluated the role of sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 63 participants undergoing total knee (34, 54%) or hip (29, 46%) arthroplasty. Thirty-one (49.2%) were female and 32 (50.8%) were male. APSP (48 h) was associated with impaired conditioned pain modulation (CPM) (<i>β</i> = 0.301, <i>p</i> = 0.019). CPSP (3 months) was associated with being female (<i>β</i> = 0.282, <i>p</i> = 0.029), longer presurgical pain duration (<i>β</i> = 0.353, <i>p</i> = 0.006), knee arthroplasty (<i>β</i> = -0.312, <i>p</i> = 0.015), higher APSP intensity (<i>β</i> = 373, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and impaired CPM (<i>β</i> = 0.126, <i>p</i> = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, these clinical variables were significant predictors of CPSP, unlike sex, and CPM (adj. <i>R</i> ² = 0.349). Moderation analyses showed that wind-up ratio (WUR) was a significant predictor of APSP in men (WUR × sex: <i>b</i> = -1.373, <i>p</i> = 0.046) and CPM was a significant predictor of CPSP in women (CPM × sex: <i>b</i> = 1.625, <i>p</i> = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Specific QST parameters could identify patients at risk for high-intensity APSP and CPSP, with sex as a moderator. This has important clinical implications for patient care, paving the way for developing tailored preventive pain management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of history of traumatic life experiences in current psychosomatic manifestations.","authors":"Melania Boni, Simone Violi, Antonella Ciaramella","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0102","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although the relationship between traumatic experiences (TEs) and psychosomatic manifestations (pain, somatization, somatosensory amplification [SSA], and alexithymia) has been widely described, very few studies have investigated how these variables correlate with each other and with a history of TEs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how current psychosomatic manifestations are correlated with major and minor adult- and childhood TEs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and forty-six patients (91 with pain) from the Pisa Gift Institute for Integrative Medicine Psychosomatics Lab., Italy, were assessed for pain, history of TEs (divided into major and minor based on whether or not they meet the DSM-5 Criterion A for post-traumatic stress disorder), alexithymia, somatization, and SSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TEs were positively correlated with age, the sensorial dimension and intensity of pain, somatization, psychopathology index, SSA, and alexithymia. Using the somatization score (controlled for age) as a covariate, the previous correlations between psychosomatic dimensions and TEs lost their statistical significance: SSA (total TEs: from <i>r</i> = 0.30, <i>p</i> = 0.000 to <i>r</i> = -0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.652); alexithymia (total TEs: from <i>r</i> = 0.28, <i>p</i> = 0.001 to <i>r</i> = 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.663); sensorial dimension of pain (total TEs: from <i>r</i> = 0.30, <i>p</i> = 0.015 to <i>r</i> = 0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.373); and pain intensity (total TEs: from <i>r</i> = 0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.004 to <i>r</i> = -0.15, <i>p</i> = 0.317). Interestingly, the tendency to report more intense pain was mainly predicted by minor TEs in childhood (<i>β</i> = 0.28; <i>p</i> = 0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of lifetime TEs is positively correlated with the sensorial dimension and intensity of pain but not its affective and cognitive dimensions. However, the former relationship depends on the presence of somatization. The intensity of pain is associated with minor rather than major TEs, especially when they occur in childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video interpretation in a medical spine clinic: A descriptive study of a diverse population and intervention.","authors":"Anne Mette Schmidt, Stine Aalkjær Clausen, Karina Agerbo, Anette Jørgensen, Charlotte Weiling Appel, Vibeke Neergaard Sørensen","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0100","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2023-0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Back pain is one of the most challenging health conditions to manage. Healthcare providers face additional challenges when managing back pain for patients with culturally diverse backgrounds including addressing linguistic barriers and understanding patients' cultural beliefs about pain and healthcare. Knowledge about patients with culturally diverse backgrounds experiencing back pain and the interventions available to them is limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with culturally diverse backgrounds experiencing back pain and the video interpretation intervention offered to them and further to explore the clinician's perspective on this intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from the electronic medical records and the Interpreter Gateway. Four clinicians participated in a group interview, where they described and evaluated the video interpretation intervention in detail inspired by the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 119 (68%) patients accepted the intervention (53% women, mean 44 years). These patients represent 24 different languages, with 50% having at least one hospital-registered diagnosis and a mean number of five outpatient contacts, 1 year before receiving the intervention. Fifty-seven patients did not accept the intervention and declined interpretation or opted to use relatives or through video conferencing equipment. The intervention was positively evaluated by the clinicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The detailed description of the population and the intervention together with the clinician perspective provides a valuable foundation for developing and refining similar interventions, allocating resources, and designing future research studies. The intervention consisted of a consultation lasting up to 2 h delivered by a rheumatologist and a physiotherapist, with a remote interpreter connected.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}