Scandinavian Journal of Pain最新文献

{"title":"Experimental partial-night sleep restriction increases pain sensitivity, but does not alter inflammatory plasma biomarkers.","authors":"Dagfinn Matre, Fred Haugen, Anne-Mari Gjestvang Moe, Tiril Schjølberg, Stein Knardahl, Kathrine Holm, Kristian Bernhard Nilsen","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2024-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2024-0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Disturbed sleep and chronic pain are public health concerns. Sleep disturbances seem to influence inflammation and may contribute to the increased pain sensitivity after sleep restriction (SR), such as after night work. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of SR on pain sensitivity and on relevant markers of inflammation. A secondary objective was to determine if SR affected pain sensitivity and inflammatory responses differently in men and women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A paired crossover design with block randomization was applied. Subjects were instructed to follow their habitual sleep (HS) rhythm for two nights (HS condition) and to delay their bedtime to shorten their sleep with 50% for two nights (SR condition). Thirty-nine healthy volunteers between 19 and 44 years old participated (21 women). Experimental pain sensitivity was tested with heat-, electrical-, and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs); electrical temporal summation threshold; pinprick pain; suprathreshold heat pain tolerance; and rating of suprathreshold heat and cold pain. The following markers of inflammation were measured in plasma from a blood sample taken between 10:00 and 12:00: C-reactive protein, fractalkine, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin -8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most subjects did not comply with the SR instructions. Total sleep time during SR was on average 2.6 h shorter than during HS. Therefore, the SR condition was re-defined to be \"at least 40% reduction in the time in bed (TIB) the last night.\" The HS condition was re-defined to \"at least 85% of normally reported TIB.\" SR produced higher suprathreshold heat pain sensitivity and cold pressor pain, compared to HS, but no significant change in electrical pain threshold, electrical temporal summation threshold, PPT, or any of the measured immune parameters. Sex-stratified analyses indicated that the effect on heat pain only occurred in women and that the effect on cold pressor pain was significant only in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present findings indicate that heat and cold pressor pain were rated higher following SR, whereas pain thresholds remained unchanged. We did not find an effect of SR on biomarkers of inflammation. The findings should be cautiously interpreted given the poor adherence to the SR condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement properties of the Swedish Brief Pain Coping Inventory-2 in patients seeking primary care physiotherapy for musculoskeletal pain.","authors":"Richard Thompson, Maria Fors, Jessica Andrée, Ann-Sofi Kammerlind, Kajsa Johansson","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0026","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the two subscales of a Swedish version of the Brief Pain Coping Inventory-2 (BPCI-2:SWE) in a population of patients seeking primary care physiotherapy for musculoskeletal pain (MSKP). The BPCI-2 is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) originally developed to measure traditional pain management strategies (TPMS) and psychological flexibility (PF) in populations with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study followed guidance from the \"COnsensus based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments-group\" and the stages described by Beaton. The BPCI-2 was translated and cross-culturally adapted from English to Swedish. The BPCI-2:SWE's content validity was evaluated using the face-validity index and qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews in a cohort of 13 patients seeking primary care physiotherapy for MSKP. The BPCI-2:SWE's construct validity, floor and ceiling effects, reliability, and measurement error were evaluated using a test-retest design in a cohort of 124 patients seeking primary care physiotherapy for MSKP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BPCI-2:SWE had excellent content validity, but patients' experiences indicated that the scoring method may benefit from amendment. The PF subscale demonstrated good construct validity on hypothesis testing. However, the TPMS subscale did not reach the <i>a priori</i> threshold for good construct validity, correlating positively with pain intensity and demonstrating low correlation with all other PROMs. Neither subscale demonstrated floor or ceiling effects. The PF subscale had moderate, and the TPMS subscale had good, test-retest reliability. Measurement error was relatively high for both subscales at the individual patient level but low at the group level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BPCI-2:SWE is comprehensible and relevant within a Swedish primary care context. The BPCI-2:SWE demonstrated adequate measurement properties for use as an outcome measure in research studies, but future research should further evaluate the BPCI-2:SWE's reliability, responsiveness, and prognostic utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neuromodulation registry survey: A web-based survey to identify and describe characteristics of European medical patient registries for neuromodulation therapies in chronic pain treatment.","authors":"Christopher Ekholdt, Lars-Petter Granan, Bård Lundeland, Audun Stubhaug, Kaare Meier","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0025","DOIUrl":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This survey aims to identify and describe the characteristics of registries for neuromodulation implantations used to treat chronic pain in Europe. Neuromodulation therapies such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are employed to treat chronic pain through implantable medical devices. These therapies are considered effective and are part of standard care in many countries. Registries can provide valuable real-world data to complement randomized controlled clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a web-based survey to gather information on registries monitoring neuromodulation implants for chronic pain treatment, and the survey was sent to 101 European centers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We received responses from 47 centers across 17 European countries. Of these, 27 centers reported using a registry for neuromodulation therapies to treat pain, which this study is based upon. National registries exist in Belgium, the Netherlands, the UK, as well as a national registry solution in France. Non-national registries were identified in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey. We present an overview on data types collected from different registries. Categories of variables collected are quite consistent across registries and are mostly in line with recommendations for chronic pain. The primary objective of the registries is most commonly measuring clinical outcomes and complications, while guideline adherence is less commonly monitored. The most frequently reported challenge is the lack of personnel for planning, designing, and funding for running the registries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified 27 centers utilizing neuromodulation registries for chronic pain treatment, with 23 providing detailed data. Although the survey's limitation is its findings are not generalizable to all registries, the findings offer key insights for the establishment and growth of registries in neuromodulation. Registries primarily aim to investigate the clinical and patient-reported outcomes, though variability in other clinical data collection remains a challenge for benchmarking and guideline adherence. Significant financial and organizational hurdles exist, which can be addressed through cooperative initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robustness of the cold pressor test: Study across geographic locations on pain perception and tolerance.","authors":"Maria Belen Garay, Rasmus Hagn-Meincke, Lili Fekete, Zoltan Hajnády, Peter Hegyi, Misbah Unnisa, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Imran Khan Niazi, Imran Amjad, Soumiya J Mahapatra, Pramod Garg, Enrique De-Madaria, Søren S Olesen, Asbjørn M Drewes, Rasmus B Nedergaard","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2025-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The cold pressor test, in which subjects immerse part of an extremity in cold water for a specified amount of time, evokes both pain and unpleasantness. As it is low cost and readily available, it is widely used in pain research. However, data on the impact of race, area of exposure, and the effects of instructions are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cold pressure test data were recorded in a mixed Asian and European healthy population. Trial 1 was a randomised crossover trial varying the extent of hand submersion (two fingers, four fingers, and whole hand) (<i>n</i> = 54). Trial 2 was a randomised cross-sectional design, investigating instructed and non-instructed pain expectations, <i>n</i> = 40.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>European subjects tolerated the cold pressor test longer than Asian subjects (116 ± 14 versus 93 ± 36 s, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and fewer subjects withdrew their hand in less than two minutes (9% vs 43%, <i>p</i> = 0.007). Stimulation area influenced pain tolerance, with more subjects able to maintain two-finger immersion in cold water for 2 min compared to whole-hand immersion (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The instruction or no instruction did not affect the numeric rating scale when comparing instruction levels (<i>p</i> = 0.88). Additionally, pain tolerance was not affected either (<i>p</i> = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cold pressor test is a robust tool across genders, race, and instruction levels. Significant differences were found in pain perception and tolerance across different locations and stimulation intensities. However, instructions in expected pain did not affect the outcomes, reflecting the robustness of the test.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - an important tool in person-centered multimodal analgesia.","authors":"Paulin Andréll, Axel Wolf","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2025-0047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigeminal neuralgia caused by dolichoectatic vertebral artery: Reports of two cases.","authors":"Nenad Koruga, Alen Rončević, Tajana Turk, Tatjana Rotim, Domagoj Kretić, Vedran Farkaš, Tomislav Ištvanić, Anamarija Soldo Koruga","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2025-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) caused by a dolichoectatic vertebral artery is a rare and atypical form of TN, where an enlarged and tortuous vertebral artery compresses the trigeminal nerve at its root entry zone. The term <i>dolichoectatic</i> is of Greek origin and means elongated, torturous or dilated. The vascular anomaly may lead to the characteristic severe, stabbing facial pain. This type of TN is often identified through advanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging or angiography, which reveal the vascular anomaly impinging on the nerve. Treatment options for the type of TN secondary to dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery include primarily microvascular decompression or Gamma knife treatment to alleviate nerve compression and reduce symptoms.</p><p><strong>Case reports: </strong>The authors present two illustrative cases of elderly patients: an 82-year-old with the right-sided and a 68-year-old patient with the left-sided facial pain, respectively. Both patients presented with lancinating and irritating facial pain. Magnetic resonance imaging in both patients confirmed compression of the trigeminal nerve secondary to a vertebrobasilar dolichoectatic artery. The authors performed microvascular decompression in both patients, which resulted in instant pain relief.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial for effective pain management and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare utilization and resource distribution before and after interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation in primary care.","authors":"Katarina Eklund, Britt-Marie Stålnacke, Paul Enthoven, Magnus Zingmark, Gunilla Stenberg","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2025-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Most patients with chronic pain are identified and managed in primary care (PC). Chronic pain management is challenging, which is manifested by increased healthcare utilization (HCU) in this patient group. The interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP) is the gold standard treatment for patients with chronic pain but is scarcely used in PC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HCU of patients with chronic pain in PC 1 year before and 1 year after an IPRP by examining the distribution of costs and resources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study combined data from a national pain registry and HCU data from regional administrative registries, including 146 patients who participated in an IPRP in PC. The outcome measure was the number of outpatient healthcare contacts. Costs and the distribution of resources were compared across the two measurement intervals using paired <i>t</i>-tests. HCU costs were described from a healthcare provider perspective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HCU decreased by 16% in the year following IPRP compared to the year before. Costs for outpatient visits dropped by 12% or €434 per participant. Visits to physiotherapists and general practitioners decreased the most, by 31% (<i>p</i> = 0.048) and 23% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) respectively. Visits to nurses, occupational therapists, and psychologists/social workers in turn increased marginally (6%, 5% vs 10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IPRP in PC may lead to reduced HCU, freed resources, and streamlined chronic pain management. The study offers valuable insights into expected changes in HCU for chronic pain patients after an IPRP and how these changes may impact daily activities at the PC center.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feasibility study of a co-developed, multidisciplinary, tailored intervention for chronic pain management in municipal healthcare services.","authors":"Kine Gjesdal, Svetlana Skurtveit, Ane Djuv, Aksel Paulsen, Cille Sevild, Torgeir Gilje Lid","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2025-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chronic pain represents a major public health challenge, substantially affecting daily functioning and overall well-being. While self-management strategies can be effective, they are often introduced only after pharmacological or surgical treatments have proven insufficient, highlighting the need for more personalized, accessible, and early interventions in primary care. However, the feasibility and practical implementation of such approaches remain insufficiently explored. Considering these challenges, the aims of this study were to co-create and to evaluate the feasibility of a personalized, multidisciplinary, and coordinated intervention for chronic pain management within municipal healthcare services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention included a generic pain management course (part one) and a personalized second part offering various group-based courses. Participants (<i>n</i> = 70) were recruited through an orthopedic outpatient clinic and general practitioners. Individual consultations with course leaders were conducted before, during, and after the intervention. Questionnaires assessing health-related quality of life, alcohol consumption, medication use, and sleep were administered at baseline, midway, and post-intervention, along with a self-reported evaluation of the intervention after completion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the total participants (<i>n</i> = 70), 81% completed Part 1 of the intervention, while 61% completed the entire intervention. At baseline, participants had a mean EQ-5D-5L score of 0.65 and an EQ-VAS score of 48.8. Regarding alcohol use, 47% were drinking once a month or less, and no participants were drinking alcohol four or more times a week. Insomnia was reported by 84%. Paracetamol was the most used daily medication (41%), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and weak opioids (26% each). In Part 2 of the intervention, stress management courses were the most frequently selected (26%), followed closely by physical activity and body-mind activity at 23%. Most participants reported benefit, with 63% (Part 1) and 56% (Part 2) indicating good or very good benefit, and 98% would recommend it to others.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This feasibility study demonstrates the potential for addressing the complex needs of individuals with chronic pain through a personalized and multidisciplinary intervention in primary care. The high completion rates indicate feasibility and acceptability. The findings support further evaluation of resource use, implementation, and effectiveness in future controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring pain intensity in categories through a novel electronic device during experimental cold-induced pain.","authors":"Elisabeth Ørskov Rotevatn, Mette Engan, Emilie Stensaker, Karl Ove Hufthammer, Lars Jørgen Rygh","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2025-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2025-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pain assessment is challenging given its subjective nature, and existing assessment tools have limitations, especially for patients having problems with verbal communication. A prior study evaluated the Grasp, a handheld device for assessing pain intensity through squeezing, showing a moderate association with the numeric rating scale (NRS). This study examined an improved version of the Grasp with instant visual feedback through color-coded categories and compared it to NRS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy adults underwent two consecutive cold pressor tests (CPTs), reporting pain intensity via NRS or Grasp with colour-coded feedback. Two additional CPTs assessed the association of repeated measurements with both instruments. The Grasp was calibrated to individual strength before CPTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-six subjects completed all tests. Pain intensity association between Grasp and NRS was moderate with a mean Kendall's <i>τ</i>-<i>b</i> coefficient (<i>τ</i>-<i>b</i>) of 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.56. Repeated Grasp measurements showed a moderate association (<i>τ</i>-<i>b</i> = 0.37, 95% CI 0.27-0.48), while repeated NRS measurements had a stronger association (<i>τ</i>-<i>b</i> = 0.71, 95% CI 0.64-0.78). After adjusting Grasp to individual squeeze strength (resulting in a 0.0-1.0 scale), a simple equation relating NRS value and mean Grasp value was identified: Grasp = 0.091 × NRS. Grouping reports into mild, moderate, and severe pain resulted in agreement proportions across two CPTs of 69% for Grasp and 79% for NRS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The moderately high agreement proportions for pain intensity categories suggest that the Grasp method with colour-coded feedback may be useful for categorical pain intensity assessment, especially in settings where conventional tools (i.e., NRS) are inconvenient or not feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain and health-related quality of life among women of childbearing age in Iceland: ICEPAIN, a nationwide survey.","authors":"Sigfridur Inga Karlsdottir, Eva Halapi, Gudmundur Kristjan Oskarsson, Hafdis Skuladottir, Thorbjorg Jonsdottir","doi":"10.1515/sjpain-2024-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2024-0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of both non-chronic and chronic pain among women of childbearing age and describe the impact that pain has on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional cohort study, and the data were collected as part of the ICEPAIN nationwide study. Participants were recruited from a randomised sample, stratified by age and residence to secure a proportional sample, by email invitation. Women between 18 and 45 years of age participated, and data were collected through a web-based platform with questionnaires that measured sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, sleep quality, pain severity, characteristics of pain, pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory), and HRQoL (SF-12-v2). Spearman correlation was used when assessing relationships between demographic and lifestyle factors, and HRQoL and pain. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>, ANOVA, and multivariate general linear model were used to assess group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 969 women of childbearing age (18-45 years) participated in the study, and the response rate was 34.8%. The average age was 36.1 ± 6.3 years, and the majority (82.5%) were married, cohabiting, or in a steady relationship. Altogether, 45.9% of the sample reported having pain during the past week (<i>n</i> = 445); the vast majority, 80.4% (<i>n</i> = 366), had chronic pain. The majority of the participants, 57.3%, had moderate or severe pain. Chronic pain was significantly correlated with higher age, higher BMI, experiencing pain during the period, and poorer sleep quality. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between chronic pain and parity, residence, education, physical exercise, smoking, or alcohol drinking. Both non-chronic and chronic pain interfered with mood, sleep, general activities, and other aspects of daily life, and the effect of pain was significantly greater among women with chronic pain. Among these, pain severity was strongly correlated with the level of pain interference (0.79). A negative correlation between pain interference and HRQoL (physical component score, -0.64, and mental component score, -0.34) was observed among women with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both non-chronic and chronic pain are common among women of childbearing age in Iceland. It interferes with daily life and affects their HRQoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":47407,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}