Applied Physics A最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced multifunctionality of SnO2 and W-doped SnO2 thin films synthesized via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: applications in UV photodetectors, photocatalysis, and tunable surface hydrophilicity","authors":"Sabrina Roguai,&nbsp;Abdelkader Djelloul","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08256-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08256-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SnO₂, Sn_1-xW_xO [2, 5, 10 at.%] thin films were synthesised using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Structural analysis revealed that W doping significantly improved crystallinity and modified the morphology of SnO₂ thin films, with 5% W doping resulting in the most uniform grain growth and optimal structural properties. In contrast, excessive doping at 10% induced lattice distortions and particle agglomeration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis highlighted intensified O–H and H–O–H vibrational modes with increasing W content, indicating enhanced surface hydroxylation, which is crucial for optical and catalytic applications. The optical bandgap widened from 3.63 eV for pristine SnO₂ to 3.84 eV for 2% W-SnO₂ and stabilized around 3.82–3.83 eV for 5% and 10% W-SnO₂. Thermoelectric studies revealed improved electrical conductivity at 5% W doping due to an increased carrier concentration of 2.49 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³. Notably, the Seebeck coefficient (│S│) showed partial recovery at 10% doping, suggesting a nuanced balance between carrier density and scattering mechanisms. For photodetection, the 5%-W-doped SnO₂ demonstrated a markedly enhanced Ultraviolet response, with significantly higher peak currents during UV exposure. Photocatalytic experiments showed superior performance for the 5% W-SnO₂ film, achieving 98% methylene blue degradation under Ultraviolet light within 150 min. Furthermore, contact angle measurements revealed a transition from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The water contact angle increased from hydrophilic behaviour in pure SnO₂ to highly hydrophobic surfaces at 10% W doping. This change underscores the tunable surface properties of W-doped SnO₂ thin films. These findings establish them as promising candidates for multifunctional applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and surface engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time monitoring method for gadolinium concentration in a water Cherenkov detector","authors":"Yoshihiro Iwata,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Sekiya,&nbsp;Chikara Ito","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08283-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08283-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Time-resolved laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy is useful for real-time measurement of lanthanide ion concentrations in aqueous solution. Gadolinium ions (Gd<span>(^{3+})</span>), in particular, have a long (<span>(sim)</span>ms) emission lifetime, so that the ion emission can be easily distinguished from scattering of the excitation pulsed laser without the need for a monochromator. In this work, we have developed a real-time monitoring method for Gd concentration in water, aiming at application to the Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector in which 0.03% Gd is currently dissolved in the form of sulfate for the observation of supernova relic neutrino events. The basic concept is to install a tube to run a portion of the water sample through a quartz cell (2 cm on each side), where a ns-pulsed laser at 266 nm is irradiated to excite Gd<span>(^{3+})</span> ions. The generated Gd<span>(^{3+})</span> ion emission at 312 nm is collimated by a lens, transmitted through a bandpass filter, and then detected by a photomultiplier tube placed about 10 cm away from the quartz cell. While lower Gd concentration and higher pulsed laser energy resulted in shorter Gd<span>(^{3+})</span> emission lifetime, good linearity was confirmed between Gd concentration and normalized peak emission voltage in the wide range of 1–1000 ppm (0.1%) Gd in ultrapure water. The detection limit, defined as three times the standard deviation of the background level, was determined to be <span>(sim)</span>60 ppb for Gd sulfate in ultrapure water. This value is about two orders of magnitude better than the reported value using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and is close to that using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry which requires sample introduction into the spectrometer. Sulfate ions in aqueous solution appear to have a smaller quenching effect than O–H vibrations of water molecules coordinated to the cation. By confirming a detection sensitivity below the ppm-level, this method could be effective for monitoring of drainage water from the SK detector tank as well. Our real-time monitoring method is expected to support the long-term operation of the SK-Gd project.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-powered wearable sensor for infant fall detection based on triboelectric nanogenerator","authors":"Luoke Hu,&nbsp;Hui Meng,&nbsp;Zhonggui Xu,&nbsp;Yong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08305-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08305-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infant fall detection is critical for the timely identification of fall events, assessment of the severity, and reduction of potential injuries. Traditional fall detection technologies typically rely on devices such as cameras, force sensors, accelerometers, and gyroscopes. While these devices provide accurate measurements, they are often expensive, require complex installation, and depend on external power sources, leading to higher system complexity and maintenance costs. This paper reports a self-powered, wearable sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for infant fall detection, featuring a bridge-structured PDMS layer and a copper foil electrode. By attaching the TENG sensor to the skin or joints of an infant model or human body, we successfully detected fall status, frequency, impact intensity, and impact localization. The sensor achieves a minimum detectable acceleration of 0.4 g on human skin, with a sensitivity of 2.6 V/g. When integrated with artificial intelligence algorithms, the system achieves over 94% accuracy in predicting fall locations. Furthermore, the sensor maintains a stable output after tens of thousands of cycles, demonstrating exceptional stability and repeatability. Compared to traditional fall detection technologies, the proposed system offers several advantages, including low cost, simple manufacturing, easy installation, self-powered operation, and high portability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive matrix Schottky barrier 2D photodiode array on graphene/SOI platform","authors":"Alper Yanilmaz,&nbsp;Özhan Ünverdi,&nbsp;Cem Çelebi","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08298-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08298-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We fabricated 4 × 4 pixel two-dimensional (2D) photodiode array (PDA) out of monolayer graphene and n-type silicon (n-Si) electrodes on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Our device design is based on passive matrix sensor array architecture consisting of individual graphene and silicon electrodes aligned perpendicular to each other. I-V measurements conducted at room temperature to reveal the electronic characteristics of graphene and Si junction in the device structure. The spectral responsivity, respond speed and the optical crosstalk of each G/Si pixels in the array have been determined by wavelength resolved and time dependent photocurrent spectroscopy measurements. Micro-Raman mapping measurements were conducted to examine the surface coverage of graphene electrode on each pixel. The results of Micro-Raman mapping measurements were correlated with the corresponding photocurrent data acquired under light illumination. We believe that this work constitutes a significant potential in integrating variety of 2D materials and SOI technology into next generation image sensing and multiple pixel light detection applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08298-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NaMgF3:Eu with improved OSL properties prepared by a simple solid-state method","authors":"Siyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Kaiyong Tang,&nbsp;Li Fu,&nbsp;Haijun Fan,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Li,&nbsp;Mo Zhou,&nbsp;Yan Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08290-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08290-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NaMgF₃:Eu is reported as a promising optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) material, but there are various shortcomings in the materials prepared by existing methods for personal and environmental dosimetry. This study aims to synthesize NaMgF₃:Eu phosphor with improved performance at the lowest possible preparation cost, and detailed characterize the material, including the basic OSL and thermoluminescence (TL) performances, OSL dosimetric properties for identification of the application fields. A simple solid-state method was adopted, and NaMgF₃:Eu phosphor was obtained with a desired phase, consistent radioluminescence (RL) spectrum with previous literature. The initial OSL intensity was 1.65 times that in the InLight dosimeter with a 5.33 times faster decay rate. OSL fading in this material has been significantly improved compared to previous studies with only a 19.56% reduction of the total OSL within 1 day after irradiation. The material exhibited excellent repeatability of 0.44% at the same dose delivery for 10 cycles, the optimal MDD of 0.28 µGy under the integration time of 1 s, and the linear OSL response over the tested dose range (0.1–10 Gy). The high OSL sensitivity, fast decay speed of OSL signals and excellent OSL dosimetric characteristics have demonstrated the potential of NaMgF₃:Eu for real-time OSL measurements in medical monitoring, and environmental and space dosimetry. Moreover, the relationship between OSL and TL and the luminous mechanism was also investigated using associated measurements and kinetics analysis of OSL with TL, which gives not only information on the origin of OSL but also guidance for further performance improvement in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the capability of doped nano CuS for efficient hydrogen production during NaBH4 methanolysis","authors":"Zein K. Heiba,&nbsp;Ah Abd Ellatief,&nbsp;A. M. El-naggar,&nbsp;Ali Badawi","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08250-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08250-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cu_0.98V_0.02S and Cu_0.96V_0.02M_0.02S (M ≡ Co, Mg, Mn, Ni) samples were created using the solid reaction method at low temperature. The search match program X’Pert HighScore Plus was used to identify the different phases in each sample. The phase proportions of the two phases identified, Cu_1.8S and CuS, along with their structural parameters were determined applying Rietveld refinement analysis. The transmittance electron microscope technique revealed that the samples have homogeneous particle morphology with spherical shape and size ranging from 7 to 30 nm. Raman analysis indicates the incorporation of the transition metals inside the copper sulfide lattices replacing Cu substitutional at its different crystallographic sites, at least partially. The optical absorbance spectra of all samples were obtained using the diffuse reflectance technique. All samples have the potential to effectively harness visible light. All samples have two optical band gaps. With the introduction of various metals (Co, Mg, Mn, Ni) to Cu_0.96V_0.02M_0.02S samples, the primary band gap of the Cu_0.98V_0.02S sample is reduced to 1.36, 1.44, 1.31, and 1.41 eV for Co, Mg, Mn, Ni, respectively. The secondary band gap value undergoes minimal variations ranging from 0.63 to 0.66 eV based on the dopant element utilized. The outcomes of experiments on hydrogen evolution involving nano- Cu_0.96V_0.02M_0.02S samples as a catalyst derived from the methanolysis of NaBH₄ process are performed. The impact of Cu_0.96V_0.02Co_0.02S nanoparticles on the hydrogen rate of generation is also determined. The maximum generation rate is detected for the Cu_0.96V_0.02Co_0.02S sample at 50,220 mL min^− 1 g^− 1, which manifested excellent recyclability. The activation energy of Cu_0.96V_0.02Co_0.02S in the methanolysis of NaBH₄ was calculated to be <span>(:{E}_{a}=28.13)</span> kJ/mol applying the Arrhenius equation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Fe-doped CdO nanoparticles via a coprecipitation method: application as a promising photodetector","authors":"S. Sebastian,&nbsp;P. Diana,&nbsp;V. Ganesh,&nbsp;D. Nagaraju,&nbsp;P. V. Raja Shekar","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08270-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08270-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, CdO:Fe (2 wt%) samples were synthesized via chemical coprecipitation, utilizing cadmium nitrate and iron nitrate as precursors at different calcination temperatures (600°C, 700°C, and 800°C). The resulting materials were comprehensively characterized to determine their physicochemical properties and photoconductivity characteristics, with a focus on their structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and electrical attributes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a pure cubic phase in all the CdO:Fe samples. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that the synthesized samples exhibited a spherical, interconnected grain morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) micrographs confirmed the presence of Cd, O, and Fe. The Kubelka–Munk method was used to calculate the optical energy bandgap of the synthesized samples. Magnetization-field curves revealed ferromagnetic behavior in all the samples, with the maximum coercivity observed in the sample annealed at 600 °C. The CdO:Fe sample annealed at 800°C demonstrated the highest performance under light, with a maximum responsivity of 41.2 × 10^–1 A/W, an external quantum efficiency of 1329%, and a detectivity of 39 × 10¹⁰ Jones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of ZnS/rGO nanocomposites for methylene blue degradation","authors":"Tofik Achalu Hussen,&nbsp;Mulualem Abebe Mekonnen,&nbsp;Newayemedhin A. Tegegne,&nbsp;Dinsefa Mensur Andoshe,&nbsp;Fekadu Gashaw Hone","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08277-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08277-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focused on enhancing the photocatalytic performance of Zinc Sulfide through reduced graphene oxide by forming (ZnS/rGO) nanocomposites. Various characterization techniques included X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, SEM–EDX, UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectra (DRS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) were used to study various properties of the prepared nanocomposites. Successful synthesis and uniform distribution of ZnS nanoparticles on rGO sheet were confirmed through SEM, and dye degradation monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Increasing rGO content improved crystallinity, as indicated by sharper XRD diffraction peaks around 27 , indexed to the (100) plane. The PL spectra further indicated that the enhancement in electron–hole generation within the nanocomposite was observed as the rGO content increased from 4wt% to 12wt%. The optical band gaps were determined to be 3.51 eV for ZnS and 3.68 eV for ZnS/rGO. The photocatalysis experiments were performed by adding 0.04 g of either pure ZnS or ZnS/rGO nanocomposite to 80 ml of an aqueous solution containing Methylene Blue dye at a concentration of 15 mg per liter (15 ppm), with a pH of 12 under 300 w hydrogen lamp. The presence of rGO enhanced charge separation, resulting in increased photocatalytic activity, with ZnS/rGO-12wt % achieving 96.99% degradation after 90 min of light exposure. The photocatalyst showed good stability, with a degradation efficiency of 92.6% in the first cycle, dropping to 86.8% in the second. All the results are revealed that, ZnS/rGO nanocomposites show significant potential for degrading methylene blue (MB) pollutants under visible light.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical study of magnetic, magnetocaloric, and hysteresis behavior of the antiperovskite compound Mn3AlN","authors":"M. Salama,&nbsp;E. M. Jalal,&nbsp;H. Saadi,&nbsp;H. Kerrai,&nbsp;N. Hachem,&nbsp;E. B. Choubabi,&nbsp;M. El Bouziani","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08291-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08291-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we explore the magnetic, magnetocaloric properties, as well as the hysteresis behavior of the antiperovskite compound Mn₃AlN using a theoretical approach based on the mean-field approximation. We examine the effects of the magnetic field and exchange interaction on the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic entropy change, as well as the hysteresis behavior of this material. The results show that Mn₃AlN undergoes a second-order magnetic phase transition, with a maximum magnetocaloric effect around the critical temperature. Moreover, the relative cooling power RCP increases monotonically with magnetic field strength, suggesting that this compound could be promising for magnetic refrigeration applications. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy change <span>(Delta S_{m})</span> and the relative cooling power RCP are 0.21 and 5.14, respectively, under an applied magnetic field of <span>(h=2.5)</span>. Hysteresis behavior is also studied, revealing a decrease in coercivity and remanent magnetization with increasing temperature, until the hysteresis loop completely disappears above the critical temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stretchable snake electrodes and porous dielectric layers for advanced flexible pressure sensors","authors":"Xiaohong Wen,&nbsp;Xinle Han,&nbsp;Yongliang Deng,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang,&nbsp;Xiumin Gao,&nbsp;Xiangmei Dong,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08278-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08278-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional flexible electrodes used in capacitive flexible pressure sensors require cumbersome manufacturing processes, high production costs, and harsh operating conditions. Thus, these limit the wide application of conventional flexible electrodes. To solve these problems, we reported a capacitive flexible sensor based on flexible serpentine electrodes fabricated by direct ink writing method and porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layer. The sensor has a simple structure and low production cost. It has a quick response time, wide detection range, and can remain stable for up to 200 cycles. It can also be used to monitor human movement. We also made 5 × 5 sensor arrays to detect spatial pressure distribution. This pressure sensor has wide application scenarios in the future of wearable electronics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}