Australian Journal of Public Administration最新文献

{"title":"What can we learn from disability policy to advance our understanding of how to operationalise intersectionality in Australian policy frameworks?","authors":"Shona Bates, Rosemary Kayess, Ilan Katz","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12648","url":null,"abstract":"Intersectional theory recognises inequity is rarely the result of one social identity; social identities, and their interaction with context and power relations, offer some protective factors, while marginalises others. Taking an intersectional approach to social policy has the potential to provide deeper insights in terms of identifying and responding to needs, and understanding the impact of policies and specific interventions for diverse people. While Australian social policies, such as national strategies, are beginning to recognise inequity is likely to be higher for some social identities than others, a recent review of Australian policy and how it responds to people with disability suggests policies do not yet appear to take an intersectional approach. Drawing on this review, we discuss the challenges in operationalising intersectionality, explore how they may be overcome, and identify considerations for scholars and future research opportunities to advance our understanding of how to operationalise intersectionality in social policy in Australia. We suggest intersectionality requires a broader cultural shift across society and professions to recognise people have multiple identities, statuses, and life circumstances, and the way they interact with the context and power relations affects how they experience life.\u0000Intersectionality recognises the interaction between social identities, context, and power relations.\u0000The research note aims to advance our understanding of how to operationalise intersectionality in Australian social policy.\u0000This note builds on a review of Australian policy frameworks and whether they take an intersectional approach to addressing disability.\u0000The research note identifies considerations for researchers and research opportunities.\u0000A broader cultural shift across society is required to recognise how different factors affect how people experience life.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Human Learning Systems approach for inter‐agency collaboration: Lessons from the UK NHS","authors":"Christianne Ormston, Michael Macaulay","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12649","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>This research note presents an exploratory case study that investigates ways in which Human Learning Systems (HLS) has been applied to a new UK health initiative, <jats:italic>Collaborative Newcastle</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Collaborative Newcastle</jats:italic> is a multi‐agency venture that brings together the National Health Service, local government, higher education, voluntary organisations, and the community sector to encourage innovation and cooperation in delivering healthcare services. As part of this initiative, multi‐agency leadership training has been delivered to managers working within the <jats:italic>Collaborative Newcastle</jats:italic> organisations to lead within an HLS ethos. It will offer comments on some of the claims to originality that are made on behalf of HLS and other relational models of public management. HLS is in its infancy in Australasia, and therefore this note also offers suggestions from the case study on learnings that could be transposed into the southern hemisphere.Points for practitioners<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The bespoke nature of the Human Learning Systems (HLS) approach makes it worthy of further exploration in Australasia.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>HLS, in this case, has created conditions for increased innovation and trust between multiple partners</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>HLS lends itself to utilising local knowledge and indigenous epistemologies</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do ministers and their advisers say to the critics of Public–Private Partnerships? Results from a mixed‐methods study","authors":"Sebastian Zwalf","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12645","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have become an increasingly common model for government infrastructure delivery around the world. However, despite their widespread use, scholarship has been generally sceptical. This study identified 14 common policy and governance criticisms and observations of PPPs as they relate to the interests of citizens. Through interviews and surveys with 23 former government ministers—including 15 former premiers—and 87 political advisers, it tested levels of agreement with each criticism and observation. Its quantitative results find that politicians and their advisers agree with six of those criticisms/observations, reject three, and are neutral towards five. However, qualitatively, respondents were generally supportive of the PPP model, defending it against many of the criticisms and observations tested, particularly against apparent transparency shortcomings and the notion that the uptake of PPPs is motivated by direct electoral benefits. They also believed many criticisms of PPPs are overstated or could apply equally to the so‐called traditional procurement models. However, respondents cited significant human capital concerns about the ability of governments to achieve superior financial outcomes through effectively negotiated and monitored PPP contracts. The paper then notes that elected decision makers can identify apparent shortcomings in the PPP model, yet still accept its usage and considers why this might be the case.Points for practitioners<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Politicians and their advisers accept some of the criticisms and observations made by scholars in relation to PPPs and citizen interests. Notwithstanding that, politicians and their advisers generally believe that PPPs are a technically superior delivery model when compared against its alternatives.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Politicians and their advisers do not accept a number of assertions made by scholars, including that PPPs have undermined government‐to‐citizen accountability; that PPPs have been associated with a de‐skilling of the public‐sector and that the Public Sector Comparator has been set‐aside when governments have chosen to do so. They also rejected assertions that PPPs had required governments to obscure more information from citizens.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Politicians and their advisers strongly believed that effective PPP contracts were critical to government achieving financial value through the PPP model. They believed the ability of government to achieve this was heavily depending on having capable public servants who could plan, negotiate and monitor PPP contracts. They believe governments can not easily find and retain said capable staff.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can local government be better supported to collaborate for community health and wellbeing?","authors":"Michelle J. Morgan, Elaine Stratford, Samantha Rowbotham, Siobhan Harpur","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12643","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Collaboration is a key strategy among local governments as expectations of the sector grow and resources to meet them fall short. Thus, more research is needed to consider how local governments can be supported to collaborate with others, not least for community health and wellbeing outcomes. In an earlier study, we explored inter‐municipal cooperation using social network analysis and local government perspectives on community health and wellbeing in the Australian state of Tasmania. Extending that study in ways reported here, we interviewed elected representatives and council staff to understand how and why Tasmanian local governments might collaborate with others to support community health and wellbeing. Findings show participants want councils to work <jats:italic>more</jats:italic> collaboratively to effectively deal with common challenges but are impeded by factors such as isolation and resource shortages. Tasmania's local government reform and Healthy Tasmania strategic plan are significant opportunities for collaborative practice to be enhanced among its local governments generally, and specifically in relation to community health and wellbeing. We advocate for a more considered approach to collaboration for community health and wellbeing that could deliver far‐reaching benefits for local governments and their communities.Points for practitioners<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Collaboration in local government is often described in terms of ‘shared services’ and tends to focus on transactional services that require little tailoring to local communities.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our study found municipal personnel want their councils to work more collaboratively to address common place‐specific issues related to community health and wellbeing, but are influenced by cultures of self‐sufficiency, organisational capacity and support, connections, and legislation and policy processes.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Local government collaborative practices could be supported by the development of a place‐based policy framework to guide collaboration across local government service types, establishment of an informal statewide community health and wellbeing network for councils to facilitate peer learning and support, funding guidelines that explicitly support and encourage collaboration, and identifying collaboration as a priority in strategic plans, policies, and frameworks.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From local government to local governance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda","authors":"Chengzhi Yi, Xinyi Qiu","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12644","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>The shift from local government to local governance has become a pervasive trend globally. Yet, little attention has been devoted to systematisation of existing knowledge on local governance. To enhance the understanding of local governance in public administration, this article provides a systematic literature review of 141 articles published in leading public administration journals between 1990 and 2022. Six lines of study are identified, including community, power, partnership, participation, reform, and performance, and 10 propositions about these themes are summarised. Existing literature has transcended excessive optimism and simplistic views to respond to the complexity of local governance practice, whereas the findings show some complexity and variety, and there are still gaps to be filled. Future studies are expected to consider different contexts, refine the research methods, and shed light on the roles of non‐governmental organisations, the balance between public values and local autonomy, the impact of technological reform, and the interactions among multiple factors in local governance.Points for practitioners<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>To ensure effective local governance, it is necessary to balance public sector modernisation with wider civic participation, and complement representative democracy with deliberative and participatory democracy, involving citizens in further processes of governance beyond voting.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Local governance performance can be evaluated with indicators drawn from both processes and outcomes, including both development‐oriented and value‐based ones.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Widely embraced strategies of local governance such as community governance, decentralisation, partnership, and public participation are not panacea and do not necessarily produce desired outcomes. The influencing factors in aspects of values, mechanisms, and instruments, the interactions among multiple factors, and the specific contexts deserve careful attention.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ChatGPT in public policy teaching and assessment: An examination of opportunities and challenges","authors":"Daniel Casey","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12647","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the findings of an innovative assessment task that required students to use ChatGPT for drafting a policy brief to an Australian Government minister. The study explores how future public policy students perceive ChatGPT's role in both public policy and teaching and assessment. Through self‐reflective essays and focus group discussions, the research looks at the limitations of ChatGPT that the students identified, demonstrating it struggles to produce analytically sound, politically responsive, and nuanced policy recommendations. The findings align with the “technoscepticism” theoretical frame, indicating concerns that artificial intelligence (AI) tools could undermine good policy analysis processes. The students supported greater use of ChatGPT in the classroom, to increase ChatGPT‐literacy, help students learn to engage ethically and appropriately with AI tools, and better develop evaluative judgement skills.The paper contributes insights into the intersection of ChatGPT, teaching and assessment, and public policy and seeks to prompt further exploration and discussion on the implications of integrating ChatGPT into both public policy and its education and assessment.\u0000Future public service graduates are highly sceptical about the value of ChatGPT for developing policy.\u0000They are concerned about the ethical implications, the lack of transparency, and the impact it may have on marginalised communities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do street‐level organisations adapt to a new policy framework? Evidence from a Swiss canton","authors":"Claudio Domenig, F. Sager","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12646","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how street‐level organisations (SLO) respond to new legal framework conditions after regulatory reform. Organisational response to a changed legal framework is key to understand implementation resilience as established organisational practice may collide with new legal obligations. Our cases are four family support and child protection organisations in a Swiss canton facing new legislation. These SLO and their personnel are strongly committed to their clientele and thus cannot simply adapt to new legislation. The study shows how the organisations perceive their discretion in the implementation of the new policy framework, the accountabilities they are bound by, and the way they cope with divergent requirements and conflicting priorities given their dependence on the regulator as commissioner of their work. SLO differ in their strategies for dealing with the new legal framework depending on the economic context in which they operate, in particular if they act as mainly privately run organisations.\u0000Members of street‐level organisations (SLO) are strongly committed to their clientele and thus cannot simply adapt to new legislation.\u0000Facing legal restrictions, SLO members aim to maintain their client‐oriented services and to exercise their discretion as far as possible.\u0000SLO that are administratively and financially dependent on the regulator and the service commissioners cannot ignore a new legal framework.\u0000SLO differ in their strategies for dealing with the new legal framework depending on the economic context in which they operate, in particular if they act as mainly privately run organisations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaboration risk, vulnerability, and resource sharing in disaster management networks","authors":"Minsun Song, Joungyoon Hwang, Inseok Seo","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12642","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Local governments have the authority to implement emergency management and are the primary responders in emergencies. They are strategically positioned to lead the charge in disaster response. Similar to other wicked problems, disasters require comprehensive and complicated responses. Local emergency management networks facilitate the exchange of information and resources between local entities and their collaborating partners. Successful collaboration across local governments is imperative in unexpected and urgent incidents. This paper applies the institutional collective action (ICA) framework to investigate the effects of relational risk and vulnerability on the formation of networks. The relational risk perceived by each collaborative organisation and the vulnerability of the community are crucial factors in the establishment and maintenance of collaborative networks. In addition, the need for resource exchange also affects the formation of networks. Logistic regression estimates the effect of collaboration risk and vulnerability on network formation using data from the 2015 Seoul EM survey. The findings confirm that the perceived collaboration risk negatively influences the establishment of collaborative ties in networks, while the perceived vulnerability level positively affects the arrangement of collaborative networks. In addition, the respondent's need for resource exchange increases when building networks. These results imply that relieving the relational risk levels is important for facilitating inter‐organisational collaboration. Furthermore, the actors’ assessments of the vulnerability of the community influence their willingness to join networks to relieve external uncertainty and susceptibility. Lastly, organisations’ give‐and‐take relationships on information sharing and physical resource transmission have the potential to stimulate the establishment of collaborative networks.Points for practitioners<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Sustainable interconnectedness among functionally and horizontally fragmented organisations is crucial for dealing with disasters efficiently, but it does not come solely from emergency management planning itself. Understanding the risk mechanism embedded in an interdependent relationship should increase the potential benefits of a successful response.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The degree of vulnerability in a community affects the level of risk perception when collaborating with other organisations. Beyond the internal capacity or assessment of their organisation, how they view their community in general influences their decision‐making differently when it comes to forging inter‐relational collaboration.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Resource sharing in a timely manner is crucial during disasters. Each organisation has different negotiating powers and needs to consider building interdependent relationships.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to public sector innovation in Switzerland: A phase‐based investigation","authors":"Sebastian Singler, Ali A. Guenduez","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12639","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Innovation processes are crucial to modernizing business processes, products, and institutional arrangements in the public sector. However, many attempts at innovation in this area fail. Previous research has identified various barriers, yet little is known regarding which might manifest during the various phases of the innovation process. In this study, we analyse the barriers to public sector innovation from a process perspective, using the policy cycle as an analytical framework. We conducted qualitative interviews (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 22) with Swiss practitioners to explore barriers to public sector innovation in individual phases of the innovation process. Thus, this study contributes to a better understanding of the barriers that can impede a successful public sector innovation process by shedding light on the barriers’ dynamics and differences at the national and regional levels.Points for practitioners<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Public sector innovation (PSI) barriers often require public sector organisations to follow a professional innovation management approach.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Reluctance to connect and insufficient and/or unclear room to manoeuvre appear to be the most critical barriers, likely resulting from the substantial complexity of the context.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>PSI barriers show different levels of prevalence in each phase of the innovation process. It is crucial to address barriers in each stage appropriately. Understanding the prevalence of barriers in each phase will help with determining the appropriate strategy.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Barriers must be considered throughout innovation process, without neglecting any phase. This requires a strategic and long‐term perspective on innovation management.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing hybrid organisations: Lessons from the provision of local sports facility services in 2020s Finland","authors":"Kerkko Huhtanen, Anna‐Katriina Salmikangas, Hannu Itkonen","doi":"10.1111/1467-8500.12641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12641","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>The Finnish welfare society is based on strong public and civic sectors with an emerging private sector. In the context of sports, the public sector's statutory task has been to provide opportunities and facilities for citizens, whereas the civic sector has been responsible for organising activities. However, since the 1990s, economic recessions, new public management doctrines, and other societal changes have mixed this institutionalised setting and increased hybridity in the provision of public services. This study examines how hybridity is manifested and governed in the provision of local sports facility services in contemporary Finland through a literature review and a multiple case study focusing on three sports facility construction projects. The projects had partners from all societal sectors and, organisationally, assumed different forms: privately owned, sports clubs co‐owned, and municipally owned enterprises. The case data consist of thematic interviews and project documentation and are analysed with theory‐driven content analysis. The study deepens understanding of the mixed ownership structures, various funding arrangements, control mechanisms, and management of goal incongruency found in hybrid facility‐provider organisations. Additionally, it describes changing roles and challenges that municipalities face in hybrid settings and develops recommendations for future research on hybridity and sports policy.Points for practitioners<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Note that the capacity to steer the operations of hybrids in municipal services provision can be obtained in various ways which do not entail formal ownership.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Deepen your understanding of the goals and commitment incentives of the different stakeholders planned to be involved in the hybrid project.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Consider jointly written formal contracts as tools for managing goal ambiguity and incongruence and for creating trust in the hybrid arrangement.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Examine comprehensively the resourcing of the facility‐provider organisation in the operational phase of the facility when evaluating the funding arrangements and public value creation of hybrid facility projects.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Prepare to become a practitioner and the object subjected to more diverse forms of control when committing to hybrid arrangements with various stakeholders.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":47373,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}