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Hazardous Duty: Investigating Resistance to Police at the Point of Arrest Among Incarcerated Military Veterans 危险的任务:调查被监禁的退伍军人在逮捕时对警察的抵抗
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211042061
M. A. Morgan, M. Logan, Ashley N. Arnio
{"title":"Hazardous Duty: Investigating Resistance to Police at the Point of Arrest Among Incarcerated Military Veterans","authors":"M. A. Morgan, M. Logan, Ashley N. Arnio","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211042061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211042061","url":null,"abstract":"The link between military service and crime has been a subject of investigation for several decades. Although research has examined the likelihood of arrest, incarceration, and recidivism across military cohorts, relatively little is known about the circumstances surrounding police contact and suspect behavior at the exact moment of arrest. This is a critical oversight given that what transpires during an arrest can have a marked impact on downstream criminal justice outcomes, including access to diversionary programming like veterans treatment courts. Using a nationally representative survey of prison inmates, this study analyzes veteran and nonveteran self-reports of their arrest controlling for a host of relevant demographic, mental health, and criminal history variables. Findings indicate that veterans are significantly less likely to resist the police at arrest. These results provide further support to the sentiment that military culture and training can have a lasting behavioral influence on those who experience it.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"91 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72534850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Motivation to Enlist Among Kurds 库尔德人参军的动机
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211038026
Matthew F. Cancian
{"title":"The Motivation to Enlist Among Kurds","authors":"Matthew F. Cancian","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211038026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211038026","url":null,"abstract":"Although humans have voluntarily joined militaries throughout history, research on the motivation to enlist has increased dramatically since the adoption of the All-Volunteer Force in the United States. Moskos categorized the motivations to enlist as institutional (the value alignment of the individual with the military) or occupational (the seeking of monetary rewards for competencies at market rates). This study explores the prevalence of these two traditional motivations in addition to two less commonly studied motivations—group mobilization and revenge-seeking—in an important context: the Kurds of northern Iraq. A survey of 2301 Kurdish soldiers (Peshmerga) during their war against the Islamic State (IS) indicates that institutional motivations are the most prevalent, although all four motivations are present. The importance of group mobilization and revenge-seeking represent important variations from the better-studied Western contexts that complicate our understanding of the motivation to enlist.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"48 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76627915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Electoral Impact of Military Experience: Evidence From U.S. Senate Elections (1982–2016) 军事经历对选举的影响:来自1982-2016年美国参议院选举的证据
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211038032
David K. Richardson
{"title":"The Electoral Impact of Military Experience: Evidence From U.S. Senate Elections (1982–2016)","authors":"David K. Richardson","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211038032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211038032","url":null,"abstract":"The belief that a military veteran candidate receives an electoral benefit at the polls based on a history of military service remains a widely held assumption in American politics. However, this assumption of a veteran electoral bonus has rarely been studied by scholars and the limited literature displays mixed results. This article presents the findings of a new study that addresses the mixed results in the literature and presents evidence that demonstrates that certain types of military veteran candidates do gain a veteran bonus in congressional elections. This advantage over nonveterans is conditioned by party, the type of race, and the nature of military service. By analyzing general election races for the United States Senate over 34 years (1982–2016), the study uncovers support for Democratic candidates with military service receiving an electoral bonus at the polls. This electoral bonus is most widely enjoyed by Democratic veterans in open Senate races and with experience in deployed warzones. The key findings suggest that previous conclusions in the literature with respect to establishing a veteran bonus in congressional elections should be reexamined to expand the time period of analysis, restructure the characterization of military experience beyond a binary variable, and include both House and Senate elections.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"961 - 981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90212815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Not to Worry About in the Policy–Academy Gap Debate: A Contrarian Take 政策-学院差距辩论中不用担心的问题:一个相反的观点
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x211038993
P. Feaver
{"title":"What Not to Worry About in the Policy–Academy Gap Debate: A Contrarian Take","authors":"P. Feaver","doi":"10.1177/0095327x211038993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x211038993","url":null,"abstract":"This assessment of the “policy-academy” gap is part of a special forum stimulated by Michael Desch’s book, Cult of the Irrelevant. Those who write about the academy–policy gap worry that the gap is too narrow, resulting in ethical compromise, or too wide, resulting in marginalization of key academic voices. I argue both concerns are overdrawn. In particular, I argue that there is a healthy exchange between academic specialists and the policy community, at least as healthy as any during a mythical golden era. Moreover, quantitative methods are not a bogeyman exacerbating the gap; high-quality quantitative scholarship can make important contributions. Finally, claims that academic realists face unfair disadvantages in contributing to policy are not well-supported by the evidence. In truth, there is a fairly healthy marketplace of ideas in the policy community, at least as healthy as what prevails in the academy.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"310 1","pages":"20 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76447245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Achilles Heel of Recruiting Women: Perceived Gender Equality as a Key Determinant of the Military’s Employer Attractiveness Among Women 招募女性的阿喀琉斯之踵:认为性别平等是军队雇主对女性吸引力的关键决定因素
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211035818
Tim Graf, G. Kuemmel
{"title":"The Achilles Heel of Recruiting Women: Perceived Gender Equality as a Key Determinant of the Military’s Employer Attractiveness Among Women","authors":"Tim Graf, G. Kuemmel","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211035818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211035818","url":null,"abstract":"The German Bundeswehr, like other NATO forces, seeks to recruit more women in order to improve its gender balance and to meet its personnel needs. However, previous research on military recruitment has paid little attention to women. Given that the (German) military is still a male-dominated organization, we argue that women’s opinion regarding the realization of gender equality in the military may very well be the Achilles heel of recruiting women. Based on the assumption that women value gender equality in the work environment, we test the hypothesis that women are more attracted to the military as a (potential) employer, the more they think the military has achieved gender equality. A multivariate analysis of nationally representative survey data from Germany from 2019 provides empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"96 1","pages":"936 - 960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Managerialism and the Military: Consequences for the Swedish Armed Forces 管理主义与军事:对瑞典武装部队的影响
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211034908
Sofia K. Ledberg, Shirin Ahlbäck Öberg, Emma Björnehed
{"title":"Managerialism and the Military: Consequences for the Swedish Armed Forces","authors":"Sofia K. Ledberg, Shirin Ahlbäck Öberg, Emma Björnehed","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211034908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211034908","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes civil–military relations and the issue of civilian control through the lens of new managerialism. It illustrates that the means and mechanisms applied by governments to govern the military actually shape its organization and affect its functions in ways not always acknowledged in the civil–military debate. We start by illustrating the gradual introduction of management reforms to the Swedish Armed Forces and the growing focus on audit and evaluation. The article thereafter analyzes the consequences of these managerialist trends for the most central installation of the armed forces–its headquarters. It further exemplifies how such trends affect the work of professionals at the military units. In conclusion, managerialist reforms have not only changed the structure of the organization and the relationship between core and support functions but have also placed limits on the influence of professional judgment.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"892 - 916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74608229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Book Review: The absent dialogue: Politicians, bureaucrats, and the military in India, by Anit Mukherjee 书评:《缺席的对话:印度的政治家、官僚和军队》，作者:阿尼特·慕克吉
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211034550
A. Ray
{"title":"Book Review: The absent dialogue: Politicians, bureaucrats, and the military in India, by Anit Mukherjee","authors":"A. Ray","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211034550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211034550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"1003 - 1005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73995645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Complicating Entanglements: Societal Factors Intruding in the Ghana Armed Forces’ Civil–Military Relations 复杂的纠葛:加纳武装部队军民关系中的社会因素
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211033010
H. Agyekum
{"title":"Complicating Entanglements: Societal Factors Intruding in the Ghana Armed Forces’ Civil–Military Relations","authors":"H. Agyekum","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211033010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211033010","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarly debates on civil–military relations often focus on how the military impacts society. Adding to the vast literature of civil–military relations, this article examines how socio-cultural practices and societal developments in the host society affect the military. Based on long-term ethnographic engagement with the Ghana Armed Forces, the piece presents empirical observations of how culturally informed practices, such as begging via proxies (djuan toa), infiltrate the Ghanaian military barracks and affect the institutions’ functioning. The article illustrates how two additional elements, skewed recruitment practices and the politicisation of the rank and file, are used as tools by political factions, such as Ghana’s two most prominent parties (the New Patriotic Party and National Democratic Congress), seeking to gain control over the Ghanaian military. The article analyses how these approaches contribute to undermining the armed forces’ discipline and military professionalism and consequently affect the military institution as a whole.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"80 1","pages":"917 - 935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73592408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transformational Leadership in Extreme Contexts: Associations with Posttraumatic Growth and Self-Efficacy Among Combat Veterans 极端情境下的变革型领导:与退伍军人创伤后成长和自我效能的关系
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211030610
Michael A. LaRocca, Kevin S. Groves
{"title":"Transformational Leadership in Extreme Contexts: Associations with Posttraumatic Growth and Self-Efficacy Among Combat Veterans","authors":"Michael A. LaRocca, Kevin S. Groves","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211030610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211030610","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of research have established transformational leadership as an encompassing leadership approach with broad applications across organizational contexts. Despite dozens of meta-analyses and many empirical studies demonstrating the direct performance effects of transformational leadership, ways in which transformational leaders shape follower personal development and well-being remain largely unexplored, particularly in extreme contexts such as military combat. Based on a sample of 130 combat veterans of multiple conflicts, we examined the impact of transformational leadership in combat on follower posttraumatic growth and follower self-efficacy after deployment, including the moderating effects of the duration and intensity of combat. Moderated regression modeling and analyses demonstrated that transformational leadership was associated with follower posttraumatic growth among lengthier combat deployments, as well as with follower self-efficacy independent of combat duration and intensity. Our findings suggest that transformational leaders frame extreme contexts as opportunities for growth, and further implications for research and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"114 1","pages":"849 - 871"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80251184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Archetype Profiles of Military Spouses in Australia–Identifying Perfect Partners and Mean Girls 澳大利亚军人配偶的原型特征——完美伴侣与贱女孩的识别
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211029318
Amy Johnson, K. Ames, C. Lawson
{"title":"Archetype Profiles of Military Spouses in Australia–Identifying Perfect Partners and Mean Girls","authors":"Amy Johnson, K. Ames, C. Lawson","doi":"10.1177/0095327X211029318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X211029318","url":null,"abstract":"Military spouses are situated at the junction of the military and civilian worlds. They provide necessary support to military strategic and operational objectives and are also expected to perform a traditional spousal role of the ‘good’ military wife. This article demonstrates the existence of strong military partner archetypes which guide military community norms and expectations of spousal behaviour. In 14 qualitative interviews and five focus groups with Australian military partners, participants revealed many different, yet firm, sentiments related to identity, including fierce independence; a sense of belonging; self-reliance; a desire to help others; belief in fairness and pragmatism. The archetypes outlined in this article shape how partners see their role, and how they interact with other non-military partners and the military organization. This research delivers insights into optimizing military partner services to better support spouses through deployment, relocation and other military experiences.","PeriodicalId":47332,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"16 1","pages":"828 - 848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90755503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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