Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie最新文献

{"title":"[Sent-Away Children and Consequences of the Sent-Away Experience for Mental Health with Special Regard to Disordered Eating].","authors":"Kaja Luisa Lindner, Bernhard Strauß, Uwe Berger","doi":"10.1055/a-2836-6857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2836-6857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Investigation of the long-term effects of West and East German children's health resorts (\"Verschickungen\") mainly between 1945 and 1990 on mental health, in particular the development of eating disorders among those affected.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A mixed-methods approach was used. Quantitative data from a representative population sample (N=2504; n=88 with experience of being sent away) was collected using, among other things, a short form of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-8). Qualitative analysis was performed on 17 guided, semi-standardized interviews with former displaced children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the representative sample, 79.5% of respondents rated the effects of displacement on their health as positive and 14.8% as negative. The 88 individuals who had been sent away showed a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal eating behavior (51.1% vs. 29.8%; p<0.001) and a 2.5-fold increased likelihood (adjusted OR=2.527) of developing such behavior. At least one eating disorder was diagnosed in 17.0% of these individuals. In the interviews, 70.6% of respondents explicitly attributed subsequent problems with eating behavior to being sent away.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrate a significant association between experiences of being sent away and long-term eating disorders. Currently, more than half a million people living in Germany view their placement in a children's home as having had a negative impact on their later life. This highlights the need for care facilities, among others, to take action when dealing with affected individuals and show consideration for their oftentimes negative experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Waiting Times for Psychotherapy - A Differentiated Analysis of the Individual Treatment Phases].","authors":"Diethelm Hansen, Max Jacobi","doi":"10.1055/a-2844-7934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2844-7934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Waiting times for the start of psychotherapy remain long on average. However, actual waiting times for the individual phases of the psychotherapeutic treatment process are not usually differentiated. Furthermore, distortions of the average values due to outliers are rarely taken into account.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A survey of 132 psychotherapy practices in Berlin was conducted to assess waiting times for the individual phases of psychotherapy for patients who had not yet been in contact with a psychotherapy practice. The waiting times were recorded for the period from initial inquiry to the first consultation session, from the consultation session to the first trial (probationary) session, and from the last trial session to the start of guideline-based psychotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data on waiting times were all non-normally distributed. The average waiting time between inquiry and the first consultation was 4.5 weeks, but the median was only 2 weeks, with 71% of practices reporting waiting times of less than 4 weeks. The average waiting time between the consultation and the first trial session was 5.9 weeks, with a median also of just 2 weeks; 67% waited less than 4 weeks. The waiting time between the last trial session and the start of guideline-based psychotherapy was short, with a mean of 2.5 weeks and a median of only 1 week.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The relevant waiting times for patients who have not yet contacted a psychotherapy practice - from inquiry to the first consultation and from the consultation to the first trial session - are significantly shorter for many patients than the averages suggest. However, too many patients still wait more than 4 weeks in both of these phases of the treatment process.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Facilitators and Barriers to the Utilization of Psychotherapeutic and Psychiatric Services among Men with Depression - A Qualitative Interview Study].","authors":"Hendrik Stahl, Judith Alferink, Benjamin Kühme","doi":"10.1055/a-2842-9225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2842-9225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Men with depression are underrepresented in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care, despite their increased risk of suicide. Studies point to the influence of traditional masculinity norms, stigma-related attitudes, and gender-specific coping patterns on help-seeking behavior. However, it remains unclear how affected men themselves interpret barriers to and facilitating conditions for the use of professional help. The aim was therefore to explore these perspectives using a qualitative approach and to derive practice-relevant implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a qualitative study, ten men aged 22 to 64 years were interviewed about their experiences with mental illness and professional help. Data were analyzed using content-structuring qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz and Rädiker. In addition, two subscales of the Male Role Norms Scale (MRNS; status and toughness norms) were administered to assess normative beliefs about traditional masculine roles and to contextualize the qualitative findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key barriers were shame, internalized stigma, a pronounced need for autonomy, and fears of losing control or facing professional disadvantages. Help-seeking often occurred only after the onset of acute crises. Facilitating factors comprised social support, positive experiences within the healthcare system, and low-threshold services. Women in close relationships played a crucial role in motivating help-seeking. MRNS scores were mostly below average, indicating a comparatively low adherence to traditional masculine norms.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings confirm known associations between masculinity norms, autonomy-related expectations, and delayed help-seeking, and further differentiate them by providing insights into subjective interpretive patterns and biographical contexts. They highlight the importance of social support and low-threshold access to services. Overall, the findings support gender-sensitive mental health care that both reduces barriers and makes targeted use of existing resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A better understanding of men's non-utilization of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic services may provide insights for the further development of mental health care provision. Central strategies include low-threshold contact options, the involvement of social networks, and the reflection of traditional masculinity norms in prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving quality of life in cancer patients with an app-based intervention (Mika-App): secondary results from a randomized controlled waitlist-trial in Germany.","authors":"Franziska Springer, Hannah Brock, David Kreilinger, Gandolf Finke, Jan Simon Raue, Anja Mehnert-Theuerkauf","doi":"10.1055/a-2826-5988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2826-5988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological distress in cancer patients can be reduced through digital support tools, such as the Mika-App. Yet, the effect on various dimensions of quality of life (QoL) remains unclear. In a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to investigate the effect of the Mika-App on physical and mental QoL, and to explore potential moderators such as age, sex, and digital health literacy (DHL).Patients diagnosed with cancer within the past five years were recruited for this nationwide RCT in Germany. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG, access to the Mika-App), or the wait-list control group (CG, usual care). Online questionnaires were administered at baseline, 2, 6 and 12 weeks. Physical and mental QoL was assessed with the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8). Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for changes in QoL over time between groups and to examine moderating effects. Analyses were conducted intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP).A total of 218 patients (IG=99, CG=119) were included, with a mean age of 56 years, 61% being female. Patients in the IG demonstrated significant improvements in mental QoL over time compared to the CG (ITT: F(3, 623.46)=3.58, p=0.014; PP: F(3, 360.38)=5.54, p=0.001), with small-to-medium effect sizes between groups at the 6- and 12-week follow-ups (Cohens' d=0.26-0.69). There was no change in physical QoL in both groups (ITT: p=0.90; PP: p=0.88). Age, sex, and DHL did not moderate the interventions' effect on QoL (all p>0.05).While physical QoL remained unchanged, mental QoL significantly improved. This reflects the app's content features, mainly targeting self-management skills and psychological distress. The app appears to be equally beneficial across all age groups, for men and women. Since DHL was particularly high in our sample, possibly due to the predominantly online recruitment strategy, results on DHL need to be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed on the role of DHL in the efficacy of digital support tools in the context of routine clinical care.Digital support tools have the potential to improve QoL in patients with cancer. Integrating these tools into clinical care practice might provide valuable support for patients in need by addressing their specific symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Treatment Gaps in the Transition of Adolescent Patients from Child and Adolescent Psychiatry to Adult Psychiatry in Berlin: An explorative predictor Analysis].","authors":"Theresa Thaler, Sandeep Rout, Yuriy Ignatyev, Julian Schwarz, Sebastian von Peter","doi":"10.1055/a-2826-6081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2826-6081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates treatment gaps during the transition from child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) to adult psychiatry (AP).100 patients from a Berlin AP clinic with prior CAP treatment were surveyed regarding their experiences and living conditions before and after transition. A stepwise regression analysis with backward elimination identified possible predictors.Significant negative associations were found with perceived social support, school-related overwhelm, previously helpful CAP treatments, and later diagnoses from the schizophrenia spectrum.The findings indicate the relevance of subjective and developmental factors in the emergence of psychiatric treatment gaps during the transition to adult mental health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of defense mechanisms in conflict and structure in the operationalized psychodynamic diagnosis].","authors":"Larissa Vierl, Cord Benecke, Miriam Henkel, Anne-Sophie Metz, Hadi Safiri, Emerenz Fuchs, Bastian Burkert, Matthias Volz","doi":"10.1055/a-2813-1949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2813-1949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Defense mechanisms are considered central (unconscious) processes of affect and conflict regulation in psychodynamic theory. Empirical findings on their role in relation to structure and conflicts remain limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between defense styles (adaptive, neurotic, maladaptive), structural impairments, conflict modes (active vs. passive), and depressive symptoms.A large clinical sample (N=2480) was investigated. Defense was assessed with the defense style questionnaire (DSQ-40), structure with the short version of the OPD structure questionnaire (OPD-SQS), conflicts with the short version of the OPD conflict questionnaire (OPD-KF36) and depressive symptoms with the respective subscale of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Correlations, partial correlations, and hierarchical multiple linear regression models were conducted.Lower levels of defense maturity were associated with greater structural impairment and higher depressive symptoms. Passive conflict modes were mostly related to neurotic and maladaptive defense, while active modes were also linked to adaptive defense. These effects remained robust after controlling for depressive symptoms. Structure and conflicts emerged as independent predictors of defense, yet conflicts were found to be more predictive for adaptive and neurotic defense mechanisms compared to structure.The findings demonstrate that defense mechanisms play a crucial for both structure and conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychological and psychosocial characteristics of those affected by SED injustice in a representative survey in the New Federal States of Germany].","authors":"Marie-Theresa Kaufmann, Julia König, Elmar Brähler, Bernhard Strauß","doi":"10.1055/a-2687-6880","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2687-6880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 35 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, there is still a lack of representative data on the various forms of SED injustice in former East Germany. There is also a lack of answers to the question how those affected by SED injustice differ from those not affected related to psychosocial characteristics, which forms of repression occurred together and which groups of those affected can be differentiated. This is important for creating a clearer understanding of the repression during the SED dictatorship and deriving implications for further reprocessing and dealing with the past in the coming years.In a representative cross-sectional study in former East Germany a total of N=3011 individuals (response rate 45%) were surveyed between May and September 2022. First, group differences between those affected and those not affected by SED injustice were calculated for psychosocial variables. Next information provided on repression was evaluated using a latent class analysis for younger respondents who did not experience the GDR themselves, and for older respondents who were socialized in the GDR (cutoff point: date of birth January 1st, 1980). Subsequently, further analyses of group differences between the class solutions were performed.Those affected by SED injustice exhibit more anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms than those who were not affected. GDR socialization appears to be associated with more psychological symptoms and less trust in institutions, especially among those affected by SED injustice. The class analyses revealed a two-group solution for the younger respondents and a four-group solution for the older ones. The groups differed in terms of personal proximity to the repression and the total number of reported repressions. The groups showed further differences with regard to resilience factors. No group differences were found related to mental health.On the one hand, interventions should focus on the mental health of all people affected by SED injustice. On the other hand, group-specific measures should be taken into account, as e. g. interventions on (re)building trust in institutions. The reprocessing of SED injustice still plays a key role today.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Does a connection exist between early child day care in the former GDR, authoritarianism and right-wing extremist attitudes?]","authors":"Fiona Kalkstein, Lisa Kriechel, Elmar Brähler, Oliver Decker","doi":"10.1055/a-2725-4631","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2725-4631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article discusses the question whether external childcare in the GDR is associated with higher levels of authoritarianism and right-wing extremism today. For this we used data from a representative survey of the new federal states (REP-NL, n=1,581) from 2022 to measure the relationship between the form of early childhood care of former GDR citizens and the expression of right-wing extremist attitudes in linear regressions. In the next step, authoritarianism was added as a mediator in order to test the assumed mediation. The results initially showed that not external care, but family care at pre-school age in the GDR was associated with stronger right-wing extremism. When authoritarianism was included as a mediator, it was shown that authoritarianism almost completely explained the association between the form of care and right-wing extremism. Family care in the GDR that was associated with higher authoritarianism scores than external care. The results suggest that many educators in the GDR may have raised children with less authoritarian attitudes than previously assumed and open up new perspectives on early childhood care today.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":" ","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-rated health of men and women in East and West Germany 20 and 30 years after reunification: a repeated cross-sectional study with birth cohort alignment.","authors":"Lina Wollgast, Julia Waldhauer, Claudia Hövener, Niels Michalski","doi":"10.1055/a-2765-2300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2765-2300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>So far, comparisons of self-rated health (SRH) between East and West Germans have mostly referred to current residence, neglecting where people lived before the fall of the inner German Wall. This article considers the place of residence before 1990 to explain health differences, thereby accounting for socio-political socialization and differing socioeconomic starting points. It examines whether differences in self-rated health persisted 20 and 30 years after reunification between those who had lived in East or West Germany before 1990.We are using survey data from GEDA 2009-12 (30,883 women, 24,959 men) and 2021 (2,203 women, 1,917 men) to estimate age-adjusted prevalence of good self-rated health by pre-1990 and current residence, for women and men. Multiple logistic regression adjusts for education, income, and migration history. Interaction effects between cohorts and residence pre- and post-reunification are specified. Predicted probabilities display East-West differences by cohort. Analyses are performed separately by sex and for birth cohorts based on established generation definitions.Germans living pre-1990 and currently in East Germany were less likely to report good SRH in 2009-2012 (women OR: 0.727, CI 0.67-0.79; men OR: 0.767, CI 0.70-0.84) than individuals living pre-1990 and currently in West Germany. These differences were absent in 2021. At both time points, older generations were less likely to report good SRH than younger ones, especially East Germans who were still living in East Germany. The analysis by generation shows that good SRH was less likely among East German women and men compared to West Germans in the three oldest cohorts (born before 1960).East-West differences by generation indicate that the East German background is an important determinant of self-rated health for specific cohorts. Explanations include selective migration, higher pre-1990 health burdens, and challenges during East Germany's transformation. Comparisons over time suggest that East-West health disparities may fade as generations who lived in East Germany before 1990 pass.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":"76 3-04","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic burdens and mental health in adult life - The role of early childhood care in East and West Germany.","authors":"Julia Petersen, Christoph Kasinger, Manfred E Beutel, Marie Theresa Kaufmann, Elmar Brähler","doi":"10.1055/a-2793-9812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2793-9812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to examine the long-term socio-economic and psychological outcomes associated with different early childhood care arrangements, while considering the influence of historical and political regional differences between East and West Germany.A total of 4,130 individuals (2,069 from East Germany and 2,061 from West Germany) were surveyed regarding their early childhood care experiences. Participants were divided into three groups: (1) those exclusively in family care, (2) those who received additional external care before age three, and (3) those who entered external care from age three onward. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, alpha-adjusted t-tests, and multiple regression analyses to assess the prevalence of adult socio-economic burdens across care groups.Findings indicated that East Germans raised exclusively in family care were more likely to experience socio-economic disadvantages in adulthood compared to peers who received early external care. Similar, though less pronounced, patterns were observed among participants from West Germany.The results highlight regional differences in the long-term effects of early childcare, reflecting historical and structural variations between East and West Germany. In the East, where external childcare was more institutionalized, such arrangements appear to have provided lasting protective effects against socio-economic disadvantage.External childcare, particularly in East Germany, may play a significant role in mitigating long-term inequalities. These findings underscore the importance of early interventions and equitable childcare access in addressing structural and political determinants of social inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47315,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie","volume":"76 3-04","pages":"114-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}