Learning and Motivation最新文献_第8页

Bidirectionality of the within-compound association in flavor-aversion conditioning 憎味条件作用中复合内联想的双向性

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102220

Vivian I. Schmidt, Matthew R. Mueller, Elana Mitchell, Samantha Boritzki, Emma Quail, W. Robert Batsell Jr.

{"title":"Bidirectionality of the within-compound association in flavor-aversion conditioning","authors":"Vivian I. Schmidt, Matthew R. Mueller, Elana Mitchell, Samantha Boritzki, Emma Quail, W. Robert Batsell Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In four experiments with rats, we investigated the nature of the within-compound association that forms between taste and odor cues (CSs A and X) during compound flavor-aversion conditioning. Specifically, we investigated its bidirectionality, seeking evidence of both A → X and X → A associations. After AX+ conditioning (Experiments 1a and 1b), extinguishing one cue consistently weakened the aversion to the other. We then examined A+ /AX+ conditioning, where a strong aversion to X (augmentation) indicated an A → X association, and subsequent mediated extinction confirmed the X → A association. When odor was A and taste was X (Experiments 1a and 3), augmentation and mediated extinction were both observed, providing evidence for both associations. Yet, in Experiment 1b, when taste was A and odor was X, only odor augmentation was obtained. Considering relative salience of the cues can affect their interaction in compound, we downgraded the more salient taste in Experiment 2. Using a 60-min CS—US interval to weaken taste preconditioning, extinction of the augmented odor successfully produced mediated extinction of the taste. In Experiment 3, strong odor preconditioning failed to protect it from being weakened by extinction of the associated taste. Together, our results show that taste and odor form a bidirectional within-compound association during both AX+ and A+ /AX+ conditioning. Importantly, the expression of that within-compound association is critically dependent on which cue gains dominant control over behavior—a state determined by both stimulus identity and associative history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47305,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Motivation","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interest and mind wandering: How do individual and situational characteristics impact learning? 兴趣和走神：个人和情境特征如何影响学习？

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102177

Louise Perche, Nora Yennek, Laure Léger

引用次数: 0

Neurobiological insights into PTSD: Impacts on spatial memory and neural circuits PTSD的神经生物学研究：对空间记忆和神经回路的影响

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102213

Yan Shi , Yiming Sun , Xiang Li , Chenchen Lu , Xuanyi Zhao , Zipeng Chen , Dongbo Liu

{"title":"Neurobiological insights into PTSD: Impacts on spatial memory and neural circuits","authors":"Yan Shi , Yiming Sun , Xiang Li , Chenchen Lu , Xuanyi Zhao , Zipeng Chen , Dongbo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to explore the implications of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the action potential patterns and properties of neurons in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) and the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) among mice. The intent was to demystify the mechanisms driving the plasticity of neural networks within the BLA and vHPC, as well as the alterations in spatial contextual memory attributable to PTSD. A PTSD animal model was developed using the conventional foot shock (FS) paradigm. The investigation initially scrutinized spatial cognition and memory aptitudes through the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and later shed light on fluctuations in action potential encoding capacities of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons within the BLA and vHPC, leveraging the patch clamp technique. The results unequivocally demonstrated that PTSD's core features - such as a surge in freezing percentages among mice - were both stable and enduring. PTSD discernibly extended the acquisition latency of mice, curtailed the duration required to locate the platform in the primary quadrant, and prolonged the time to identify the platform in the contralateral quadrant. The overall excitability and function of the BLA diminished, while that of the vHPC augmented. These discoveries propose that PTSD can obstruct the consolidation process of spatial contextual memory and impact the collective excitability of the BLA and vHPC. The properties of neurons within distinct brain sectors, in tandem with the disarray in the coordination mechanism between them, might be contributing to the compromised spatial contextual memory abilities seen with PTSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47305,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Motivation","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Chinese second language learners' motivation, engagement, and resilience in AI-enhanced contexts: A self-determination theory 人工智能环境下中国第二语言学习者的动机、参与和弹性建模：一个自我决定理论

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102199

Jingjing Chen

{"title":"Modeling Chinese second language learners' motivation, engagement, and resilience in AI-enhanced contexts: A self-determination theory","authors":"Jingjing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the academic field has revolutionized traditional settings into innovative tools that capitalize on the presentation of learners. Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) learners' engagement is significant for their achievement in AI-enhanced contexts. Different factors can affect learners' engagement, and among them, resilience, and motivation are significant even in challenging environments. Accordingly, this study bridges the gap by suggesting a conceptual model in which resilience impacts engagement through the mediating function of motivation<strong>,</strong> analyzed through the perspectives of Self-determination theory (SDT). As a result, 630 undergraduate students from various universities in China were selected using a purposive sampling approach. The three validated questionnaires were distributed, and after collecting data, structural equation modeling (SEM) via AMOS 24.0 and SPSS 26.0 was run to examine the model. The results indicated that CSL learners' motivation, engagement, and resilience in AI-enhanced contexts are interrelated, emphasizing the interrelated nature of these psychological constructs in the path of learning. The finding prove that the resilience of learners acts as a robust predictor of their engagement, mainly through the mediating role of motivation. These results provide some implications for educators and curriculum designers in AI-enhanced contexts, emphasizing the necessity of increasing learners' motivation and resilience to optimize engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47305,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Motivation","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlocking the power of AI-driven adaptive Chinese learning: Exploring its correlation with student competence, self-regulation, cognitive load, and goal setting through the lens of Achievement Goal Theory 释放人工智能驱动的适应性汉语学习的力量：从成就目标理论的角度探讨其与学生能力、自我调节、认知负荷和目标设定的关系

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102208

Ying Xuan

{"title":"Unlocking the power of AI-driven adaptive Chinese learning: Exploring its correlation with student competence, self-regulation, cognitive load, and goal setting through the lens of Achievement Goal Theory","authors":"Ying Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of AI-driven adaptive Chinese learning on key learner outcomes—student competence, self-regulation, cognitive load, and goal-setting behavior—within the framework of Achievement Goal Theory. Despite the increasing use of AI technologies in language education, empirical evidence regarding their effectiveness in promoting cognitive, motivational, and self-regulatory processes among Chinese language learners remains limited. To address this gap, a total of 413 valid responses were collected via a structured bilingual questionnaire from university students enrolled in Chinese language programs across multiple institutions. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 27) and AMOS (Version 24). Initial screening addressed missing data, outliers, and statistical assumptions. Descriptive statistics and internal reliability checks (Cronbach’s α ≥.70) were conducted, followed by Pearson’s correlations to examine bivariate relationships. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation tested a path model in which AI-driven adaptive learning predicted the four target outcomes. Model fit indices indicated acceptable fit (CFI =.931, TLI =.923; RMSEA =.067, SRMR =.054). Results demonstrated that AI-driven adaptive learning significantly enhanced student competence (β =.752, p = .002), self-regulation (β =.823, p = .002), and goal-setting behavior (β =.674, p = .001), while reducing cognitive load (β =.581, p = .001). These findings support the applicability of Achievement Goal Theory in AI-enhanced language learning contexts and highlight the potential of AI technologies to facilitate personalized, effective learning experiences. Practical implications for instructional design, learner engagement strategies, and future research directions are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47305,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Motivation","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic nicotine facilitates sign tracking behavior and FosB/DFosB activity in the nucleus accumbens and the orbitofrontal cortex 慢性尼古丁促进伏隔核和眶额皮质的信号跟踪行为和FosB/DFosB活性

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102218

Estrella L. Campos , Marisol R. Lamprea , Karen P. Barrios , Carlos Novoa , Leonardo A. Ortega

{"title":"Chronic nicotine facilitates sign tracking behavior and FosB/DFosB activity in the nucleus accumbens and the orbitofrontal cortex","authors":"Estrella L. Campos , Marisol R. Lamprea , Karen P. Barrios , Carlos Novoa , Leonardo A. Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current research on the initiation and maintenance of nicotine dependence has highlighted the importance of individual differences in learning and motivational processes associated with drug dependence. Nicotine has been shown to have a primary reward role and can also amplify the incentive value of reward-related environmental cues, an effect that may be relevant to the development of tobacco dependence, especially in vulnerable people. Pavlovian autoshaping tasks are a common experimental procedure used to study the effects of drugs on reward incentive value. Interestingly, in such tasks two types of phenotypes tend to emerge: Sign trackers (ST) and goal trackers (GT). Although both acquire a conditioned-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) association, the conditioned stimulus (CS) acquires incentive salience properties predominantly for ST. Previous research has shown an enhancer effect of nicotine on the incentive value of CS in autoshaping tasks, but none has studied the effect of nicotine in animals classified as ST, a phenotype considered more vulnerable to addiction. The present research evaluates the effects of chronic nicotine administration on Pavlovian autoshaping acquisition performance and the FosB/DFosB expression in the nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex in ST rats. Results showed that nicotine administration had a facilitatory effect on the acquisition of the sign-tracking response, also increasing FosB/DFosB expression in both selected brain regions, specifically in rats undergoing behavioral training. These findings suggest that nicotine facilitates the attribution of incentive salience to food-associated cues and may cause plastic changes mediated by the FosB/DFosB transcription factor in incentive salience-related areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47305,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Motivation","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence tools: Improvement of motivation, psychological well-being, and psychological capital of EFL learners: A self-determination theory perspective 人工智能工具：自我决定理论视角下英语学习者动机、心理健康和心理资本的提升

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102169

Weiwei Dou , Xueyu Sun

{"title":"Artificial intelligence tools: Improvement of motivation, psychological well-being, and psychological capital of EFL learners: A self-determination theory perspective","authors":"Weiwei Dou , Xueyu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational settings has attracted considerable interest from scholars, specifically in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. While prior research has explored AI’s instructional benefits, limited attention has been given to its impact on learners’ emotional and psychological dimensions—specifically motivation, psychological well-being (PWB), and psychological capital (PsyCap). This research examines the influence of AI tools on the motivation, PWB, and PsyCap of EFL students. To evaluate these effects, a pre-test was administered utilizing three validated scales that measure motivation, PWB, and PsyCap. After this initial evaluation, subjects were assigned to two groups, namely, receiving traditional instruction and participating in AI-based instructional methods. After the instructional sessions, both groups completed a post-test using the same questionnaires to assess alterations in the three variables. The data gathered from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), which indicated that there were notable differences in the post-test scores between the two groups concerning positive motivation, PsyCap, and PWB. Particularly, the integration of AI tools was found to markedly improve students' motivation, PWB, and PsyCap. These results suggest that AI tools not only boost language acquisition but also contribute meaningfully to learners' motivation and PsyCap. Implications include the need for educators and policymakers to consider AI integration not just for academic outcomes, but for cultivating emotionally supported learning environments in EFL contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47305,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Motivation","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting learner autonomy through AI-supported self-regulated learning: A social cognitive theory approach 通过人工智能支持的自我调节学习预测学习者自主性：一种社会认知理论方法

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102195

Guanghui He

引用次数: 0

Radial maze memory retention in rats: Controlling olfactory cues 大鼠径向迷宫记忆保持：控制嗅觉线索

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102187

Kanji Hayashida, Chiaki Tanaka, Tohru Taniuchi

{"title":"Radial maze memory retention in rats: Controlling olfactory cues","authors":"Kanji Hayashida, Chiaki Tanaka, Tohru Taniuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated long-term spatial memory retention in rats using an eight-arm radial maze. Tanaka and Taniuchi (2024) had previously confirmed significant performance after 72 h in late middle-aged rats, approximately 19 months old. This current study explored memory retention in young adult rats, beginning at about 100–120 days old, which we expected to have better memory capacity than late middle-aged rats. In Experiment 1, adult rats were subjected to forced-choice and free-choice tasks. As the retention interval was extended, significant performance was observed even after a 96-h retention interval, suggesting that adult rats can retain memories for up to 96 h. However, like the study by Tanaka and Taniuchi (2024), Experiment 1 could not completely eliminate the possible use of olfactory traces from markings as discriminative cues for arm selection. Therefore, in Experiment 2, inserts placed in the maze arms were randomly repositioned during the retention interval to eliminate potential olfactory stimuli from serving as valid cues for performance. The results showed significant performance up to a 72-h retention interval, but not at the 96-h retention interval. This study demonstrates that even without non-mnemonic olfactory cues, rats can retain spatial memory in a radial maze for at least 72 h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47305,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Motivation","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An exploratory analysis of reinforcer competition and novelty in domestic dogs 家犬强化物竞争与新颖性的探索性分析

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning and Motivation Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102204

Valdeep Saini , Asude Ayvaci , Tina Vo

{"title":"An exploratory analysis of reinforcer competition and novelty in domestic dogs","authors":"Valdeep Saini , Asude Ayvaci , Tina Vo","doi":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reinforcer competition in domestic dogs by studied by exploring their preferences between social (human-mediated) and non-social (environmental) reinforcers under varying conditions of familiarity and novelty. Five pet dogs were presented with choices involving either their owner or a stranger in either familiar or unfamiliar contexts. Each scenario was further split into passive and active conditions, depending on whether the human attempted to solicit attention. Dogs’ sociability was measured through contact latency, proximity, and gaze rate. Results revealed that dogs consistently preferred social reinforcement from owners, regardless of environmental novelty. They were quicker to approach and spent more time with owners, and gaze rate was generally higher toward them. In contrast, dogs demonstrated less sociability toward strangers, especially in novel contexts, indicating that social reinforcer novelty did not increase preference. However, non-social novelty did appear to influence behavior, as dogs showed increased attention toward novel environments at the expense of social interaction, especially in the presence of strangers. Active behavior by the human (e.g., calling the dog’s name) increased sociability measures across all conditions, though most changes were not statistically significant. Findings suggest that the reinforcing value of owner social interaction generally outweighs that of non-social novelty, whereas a stranger’s social interaction is less preferred than even non-social stimulation. These results have implications for understanding dog behavior in human-centered environments and highlight the influence of domestication, learning history, and context on dog sociability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47305,"journal":{"name":"Learning and Motivation","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0