Thinking & Reasoning最新文献_第9页

The mediating effect of reflective-analytic cognitive style on rational thought 反思分析型认知方式对理性思维的中介作用

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1634151

Ralph E. Viator, Nancy L. Harp, S. Rinaldo, Blair B. Marquardt

引用次数: 12

The relationship between anomalistic belief, misperception of chance and the base rate fallacy 异常信念、机会误解与基本率谬误之间的关系

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1653371

Toby Prike, Michelle M. Arnold, Paul Williamson

引用次数: 4

Four- to six-year-olds’ ratio reasoning-from 2D to 3D quantities 4 - 6岁儿童的比例推理——从2D到3D的数量

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-06-24 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1783362

Yingying Yang, Wei He

{"title":"Four- to six-year-olds’ ratio reasoning-from 2D to 3D quantities","authors":"Yingying Yang, Wei He","doi":"10.1080/13546783.2020.1783362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2020.1783362","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent research has suggested that young children may have primitive knowledge of ratio and proportions. However, it is unclear how precisely young children represent ratio magnitudes and how well they apply their ratio knowledge across different contexts. The current study examined 4- to 6-year-olds’ reasoning of ratio magnitudes. In the baseline task, children judged ratio relations between 2 D lengths. In the 3 D depth task, children judged ratio relations of two pictorial depths. In the 3 D cube task, children judged ratio relations of the volumes of two pictorially presented cubes. Linear regression models of estimated ratios on expected ratios were significant across all three tasks for all children groups. Children demonstrated a remarkable ability in understanding and expressing ratio magnitudes. However, relative to the baseline condition, the 3 D depth and cube tasks were associated with smaller explained variance and, hence, more noise. Children, particularly 4-year-olds, were unable to distinguish ratios of slightly different magnitudes in the 3 D cube task. Our study reveals both the potential and the limits of young children’s ratio reasoning abilities.","PeriodicalId":47270,"journal":{"name":"Thinking & Reasoning","volume":"15 1","pages":"212 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88330872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Errors, fast and slow: an analysis of response times in probability judgments 错误，快与慢:对概率判断中反应时间的分析

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1781691

Jonas Ludwig, Fabian K. Ahrens, A. Achtziger

引用次数: 4

An examination of the underlying dimensional structure of three domains of contaminated mindware: paranormal beliefs, conspiracy beliefs, and anti-science attitudes 对受污染意识的三个领域的潜在维度结构的考察:超自然信仰、阴谋信仰和反科学态度

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1759688

Jala Rizeq, D. Flora, M. Toplak

{"title":"An examination of the underlying dimensional structure of three domains of contaminated mindware: paranormal beliefs, conspiracy beliefs, and anti-science attitudes","authors":"Jala Rizeq, D. Flora, M. Toplak","doi":"10.1080/13546783.2020.1759688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2020.1759688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The concept of contaminated mindware provides one conceptualization for measuring beliefs and attitudes about three domains that have evaluation-disabling properties in the context of reasoning: paranormal beliefs, conspiracy beliefs, and anti-science attitudes. We tested the underlying structure of individual differences in these three domains of contaminated mindware and their predictors in a sample of 321 Canadian undergraduate students. The predictors included cognitive ability, cognitive reflection, the dispositional tendency of actively open-minded thinking, and ontological confusions. A hierarchical model with three correlated general factors of paranormal, conspiracy, and anti-science beliefs and attitudes and four specific paranormal factors (i.e., psi, superstition, spiritualism, and precognition) was optimal. While all predictors were significantly correlated with the contaminated mindware domains, structural equation modeling results supported the unique effects of ontological confusions and actively open-minded thinking. The current results support the multidimensional nature of contaminated mindware domains and highlight some of its correlates and unique predictors. Providing a structure and theoretical framework for unwarranted beliefs and attitudes will be useful for measuring their potential impact on the processes of human reasoning.","PeriodicalId":47270,"journal":{"name":"Thinking & Reasoning","volume":"8 1","pages":"187 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86043887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Disfluent fonts do not help people to solve math and non-math problems regardless of their numeracy 不流畅的字体不能帮助人们解决数学和非数学问题，不管他们的计算能力如何

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-05-02 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1759689

M. Sirota, Andriana Theodoropoulou, Marie Juanchich

引用次数: 9

Limits of the foreign language effect: intertemporal choice 外语效应的限制:跨期选择

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2021.1934899

Michał J. Białek, A. Domurat, M. Paruzel-Czachura, Rafał Muda

引用次数: 4

Erroneous gambling-related beliefs emerge from broader beliefs during problem-solving: a critical review and classification scheme 在解决问题的过程中，错误的赌博相关信念从更广泛的信念中产生:一个批判性的审查和分类方案

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1590233

Anastasia Ejova, K. Ohtsuka

{"title":"Erroneous gambling-related beliefs emerge from broader beliefs during problem-solving: a critical review and classification scheme","authors":"Anastasia Ejova, K. Ohtsuka","doi":"10.1080/13546783.2019.1590233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2019.1590233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Erroneous gambling-related beliefs (EGRBs) can be defined as beliefs that imply a failure to recognise how commercial gambling activities are designed to generate a guaranteed loss to players. In theorising about how EGRBs develop, previous reviews have proposed that EGRBs are extensions of decision-making heuristics and associated biases. We propose an alternative generative mechanism: one in which gambling games make substantial wins seem possible through problem-solving and eventual correct strategic action. EGRBs are then beliefs in the possibility of correct strategic action (illusions of control) that develop as players trial candidate strategies—strategies selected based on various broader beliefs. We further propose that EGRBs can be classified based on what is theorised in cognitive science about categories of general human beliefs about the world. For example, it has been theorised that human beliefs about supernatural forces and randomness have certain similarities across cultures, and so we propose that there exists a category of supernatural EGRBs, as well as a category of EGRBs based on broader beliefs about the nature of randomness. We review evidence for this classification scheme and discuss how it can be applied in researching and treating gambling disorder.","PeriodicalId":47270,"journal":{"name":"Thinking & Reasoning","volume":"12 1","pages":"159 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78435108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Ideological belief bias with political syllogisms 意识形态信仰偏向政治三段论

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1688188

D. Calvillo, Alexander B. Swan, Abraham M. Rutchick

引用次数: 11

A comparison of information processing and dynamical systems perspectives on problem solving 信息处理与动态系统在问题解决方面的比较

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1605930

Stephen K. Reed, Robin R. Vallacher

{"title":"A comparison of information processing and dynamical systems perspectives on problem solving","authors":"Stephen K. Reed, Robin R. Vallacher","doi":"10.1080/13546783.2019.1605930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2019.1605930","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article compares the information processing and dynamical systems perspectives on problem solving. Key theoretical constructs of the information-processing perspective include “searching” a “problem space” by using “heuristics” that produce “incremental” changes such as reaching a “subgoal” to solve a puzzle. Key theoretical constructs of the dynamical-systems perspective include “positive attractors”, “negative attractors”, and “latent attractors” that can cause large “nonincremental” changes in the possibility of a solution through the “emergence” of new ideas and beliefs that can resolve a conflict. The proposed alignment maps dynamical-system constructs to information-processing constructs: state space to problem space, negative attractor to impasse, positive attractor to productive subgoal, latent attractor to implicit cognition, and nonincremental change to insight. The purpose of the mapping is to explore similarities and differences between these constructs. Research from cognitive and social psychology illustrates how using constructs from both perspectives is helpful. The concluding section on Future Directions recommends an agenda based on three objectives: (1) create ontologies to organise current knowledge, (2) conduct research to obtain new knowledge, and (3) provide education to inform students about this knowledge.","PeriodicalId":47270,"journal":{"name":"Thinking & Reasoning","volume":"8 1","pages":"254 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82971158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6