Thinking & Reasoning最新文献_第8页

The neural mechanism of pure and pseudo-insight problem solving 纯洞察力和伪洞察力问题解决的神经机制

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1663763

Ching-Lin Wu, Meng-Ning Tsai, Hsueh-Chih Chen

引用次数: 9

Why do people fail to see simple solutions? Using think-aloud protocols to uncover the mechanism behind the Einstellung (mental set) effect 为什么人们看不到简单的解决方案?使用“有声思考”协议来揭示爱因斯坦(心智模式)效应背后的机制

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1685001

Christine Blech, R. Gaschler, M. Bilalic

引用次数: 14

Problem solving of magic tricks: guiding to and through an impasse with solution cues 解决问题的魔术技巧:引导和解决僵局的线索

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1668479

J. Petervari, Amory H. Danek

引用次数: 8

Extreme time-pressure reveals utilitarian intuitions in sacrificial dilemmas 极端的时间压力揭示了牺牲困境中的功利主义直觉

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1679665

A. Rosas, David Aguilar-Pardo

引用次数: 19

The relation between semantic memory structure, associative abilities, and verbal and figural creativity 语义记忆结构、联想能力与语言和形象创造力的关系

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1819415

Li He, Yoed N. Kenett, Kaixiang Zhuang, Cheng Liu, Rongcan Zeng, Tingrui Yan, Tengbin Huo, J. Qiu

{"title":"The relation between semantic memory structure, associative abilities, and verbal and figural creativity","authors":"Li He, Yoed N. Kenett, Kaixiang Zhuang, Cheng Liu, Rongcan Zeng, Tingrui Yan, Tengbin Huo, J. Qiu","doi":"10.1080/13546783.2020.1819415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2020.1819415","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research has independently highlighted the roles of semantic memory and associative abilities in creative thinking. However, it remains unclear how these two capacities relate to each other, nor how they facilitate different creative thinking modalities, such as verbal and figural creativity. This study employed multiple cognitive tests and network science methodologies to shed light on the relationship between them. We constructed individual-based semantic networks and assessed associative abilities, verbal and figural creative thinking. In line with previous studies, we found a relation between verbal creativity and more flexible semantic memory structure (higher connectivity, shorter distances between concepts, and lower modularity). However, we did not find any such relation between figural creativity and semantic memory structure. Associative abilities mediated the relationship between semantic memory structure and verbal creativity, implying the efficient spread of information in semantic memory may facilitate verbal creative thinking via associative abilities. These findings support and extend the associative theory of creativity and shed novel light on the relationship between semantic memory structure, associative abilities, and creativity.","PeriodicalId":47270,"journal":{"name":"Thinking & Reasoning","volume":"16 1","pages":"268 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72823029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Acute stress improves analogical reasoning: examining the roles of stress hormones and long-term memory 急性应激改善类比推理:检查应激激素和长期记忆的作用

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-09-10 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1819416

Amy M. Smith, Grace Elliott, Gregory I. Hughes, R. Feinn, Tad T. Brunyé

引用次数: 1

Individual differences in analytical thinking and complexity of inference in conditional reasoning 分析思维的个体差异与条件推理推理的复杂性

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1794958

R. Ricco, H. Koshino, Anthony Sierra, Jasmine Bonsel, Jay Von Monteza, Da’Nae Owens

{"title":"Individual differences in analytical thinking and complexity of inference in conditional reasoning","authors":"R. Ricco, H. Koshino, Anthony Sierra, Jasmine Bonsel, Jay Von Monteza, Da’Nae Owens","doi":"10.1080/13546783.2020.1794958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2020.1794958","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An outstanding question for Hybrid dual process models of reasoning is whether both basic (e.g., modus ponens - MP) and more complex (e.g., modus tollens - MT) forms of conditional inference result from intuitive, type 1 processes. The present study considers whether a proclivity, ability, or capacity to engage in analytical (type 2) thinking might be more closely related to performance on MT than to performance on MP. Such a finding would suggest that the extent to which MT is intuitive for an individual is a function of analytical thinking level and that, in general, MT is not as intuitive an inference form as MP. The present study tested this prediction by way of a conditional reasoning task on which instructional set (belief or logic), congruency, and complexity of inference were manipulated. While results varied somewhat across experiments, it was generally the case that differences in performance between low and high levels of analytical thinking proclivity (AOT), ability (CRT), and capacity (Working Memory Span) were greater for MT problems than for MP problems suggesting that these inference forms may not be equally intuitive.","PeriodicalId":47270,"journal":{"name":"Thinking & Reasoning","volume":"165 1","pages":"319 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73708208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Domain-specific experience and dual-process thinking 特定领域的经验和双过程思维

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1793813

Zoë A. Purcell, C. Wastell, Naomi Sweller

{"title":"Domain-specific experience and dual-process thinking","authors":"Zoë A. Purcell, C. Wastell, Naomi Sweller","doi":"10.1080/13546783.2020.1793813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2020.1793813","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prominent dual process models assert that reasoning processes can transition from effortful (Type 2) to intuitive (Type 1) with increases in domain-specific experience. In two studies we directly examine this automation hypothesis. We examine the nature of the relationship between mathematical experience and performance on the cognitive reflection test (CRT; Frederick, 2005). We test performance and response time at different levels of experience and cognitive constraint. Participants are required to complete a secondary task of varying complexity while solving the CRT. In Study 1, we demonstrate changes in thinking Type across real-world differences in mathematical experience. In Study 2, convergent with Study 1, we demonstrate changes in thinking Type across a mathematical training paradigm. Our findings suggest that for some individuals low experience is associated with Type 1 processing, intermediate experience is associated with Type 2 processing, and high experience is associated with Type 1 processing. Whereas, for other individuals low experience is associated with ineffective Type 2 processing, intermediate experience is associated with effective Type 2 processing, and high experience is associated with Type 1 processing.","PeriodicalId":47270,"journal":{"name":"Thinking & Reasoning","volume":"13 1","pages":"239 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86928545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Overconfidently underthinking: narcissism negatively predicts cognitive reflection 过度自信，缺乏思考:自恋对认知反射有负面影响

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1633404

S. Littrell, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Evan F. Risko

{"title":"Overconfidently underthinking: narcissism negatively predicts cognitive reflection","authors":"S. Littrell, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Evan F. Risko","doi":"10.1080/13546783.2019.1633404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2019.1633404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There exists a large body of work examining individual differences in the propensity to engage in reflective thinking processes. However, there is a distinct lack of empirical research examining the role of dispositional factors in these differences and understanding these associations could provide valuable insight into decision-making. Here, we examine whether individual differences in cognitive reflection are related to narcissism (excessive self-focused attention) and impulsiveness (trait-based lack of inhibitory control). Participants across three studies completed measures of narcissism, impulsiveness and cognitive reflection. Results indicate that grandiose and vulnerable narcissists differ in their performance on problem-solving tasks (i.e., Cognitive Reflection Test [CRT]) and preferences for intuitive thinking, as well as the degree to which they reflect on and understand their own thoughts and enjoy cognitively effortful activities. Additionally, though impulsiveness was significantly related to self-report measures of cognitive reflection (i.e., metacognitive reflection, metacognitive insight, and need for cognition), it showed no association with a behavioural measure of cognitive reflection (i.e., CRT scores). Our results suggest that certain individual differences in dispositional and personality characteristics may play important roles in the extent to which individuals engage in certain forms of reflective thinking.","PeriodicalId":47270,"journal":{"name":"Thinking & Reasoning","volume":"75 1","pages":"352 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86079381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

No indication that the ego depletion manipulation can affect insight: a comment on DeCaro and Van Stockum (2018) 没有迹象表明自我消耗操纵会影响洞察力:对DeCaro和Van Stockum(2018)的评论

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Thinking & Reasoning Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2019.1649191

Dominika Drążyk, Martyna Kumka, Katarzyna Zarzycka, Paulina Zguda, A. Chuderski

引用次数: 3