A comparison of information processing and dynamical systems perspectives on problem solving

IF 2.5 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Stephen K. Reed, Robin R. Vallacher
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Abstract This article compares the information processing and dynamical systems perspectives on problem solving. Key theoretical constructs of the information-processing perspective include “searching” a “problem space” by using “heuristics” that produce “incremental” changes such as reaching a “subgoal” to solve a puzzle. Key theoretical constructs of the dynamical-systems perspective include “positive attractors”, “negative attractors”, and “latent attractors” that can cause large “nonincremental” changes in the possibility of a solution through the “emergence” of new ideas and beliefs that can resolve a conflict. The proposed alignment maps dynamical-system constructs to information-processing constructs: state space to problem space, negative attractor to impasse, positive attractor to productive subgoal, latent attractor to implicit cognition, and nonincremental change to insight. The purpose of the mapping is to explore similarities and differences between these constructs. Research from cognitive and social psychology illustrates how using constructs from both perspectives is helpful. The concluding section on Future Directions recommends an agenda based on three objectives: (1) create ontologies to organise current knowledge, (2) conduct research to obtain new knowledge, and (3) provide education to inform students about this knowledge.
信息处理与动态系统在问题解决方面的比较
摘要本文比较了信息处理和动力系统两种解决问题的方法。信息处理视角的关键理论结构包括通过使用“启发式”来“搜索”一个“问题空间”,从而产生“增量”变化,比如达到一个“子目标”来解决一个难题。动态系统视角的关键理论结构包括“积极吸引子”、“消极吸引子”和“潜在吸引子”,它们可以通过解决冲突的新想法和信念的“出现”,在解决方案的可能性中引起巨大的“非增量”变化。提出的对齐将动态系统结构映射到信息处理结构:状态空间映射到问题空间,消极吸引子映射到僵局,积极吸引子映射到生产性子目标,潜在吸引子映射到内隐认知,非增量变化映射到洞察力。映射的目的是探索这些构造之间的异同。认知心理学和社会心理学的研究表明,从这两个角度使用构念是有帮助的。关于未来方向的结语部分建议了一个基于三个目标的议程:(1)创建本体来组织当前知识,(2)进行研究以获得新知识,(3)提供教育以告知学生这些知识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Thinking & Reasoning
Thinking & Reasoning PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
11.50%
发文量
25
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