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Materiality of conflict of interest in informed consent to medical treatment in the United Kingdom 在联合王国，知情同意医疗中的利益冲突的重要性
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1963251
J. O’Neill
{"title":"Materiality of conflict of interest in informed consent to medical treatment in the United Kingdom","authors":"J. O’Neill","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1963251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1963251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The UK Supreme Court ruling of Montgomery v Lanarkshire clarified that in obtaining informed consent to treatment, practitioners are under a duty to inform patients of material risks. Traditionally such risk has pertained to the clinical risks inherent to treatment. In examining empirical and judicial evidence, this paper makes the case for disclosure of potent financial interests; with potency relating to those interests likely to have greatest influence over practice. The paper explores how financial interests may detrimentally influence practice patterns and how non-disclosure of such interests may be linked to the erosion of patient trust and subsequent disinclination to consent to treatment. Judicial notions of material risk are explored, and the conclusion reached that they offer a broader interpretation of disclosable risk compared to current UK GMC guidance. It is anticipated that empirical evidence could be used by the courts in determining questions of both materiality and causation in cases of negligent non-disclosure of potent financial interests. The paper concludes that there is sufficient reason to surmise that a test case could successfully apply the principles identified therein to establish the materiality of conflict of interest in informed consent to medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"375 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43112931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adolescent sexting: ethical and legal implications for psychologists 青少年色情短信:对心理学家的伦理和法律影响
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1983818
Callie K. King, J. Rings
{"title":"Adolescent sexting: ethical and legal implications for psychologists","authors":"Callie K. King, J. Rings","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1983818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1983818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sexting has become a prominent part of adolescent culture. Under current laws, adolescents caught sexting are being arrested, facing child pornography charges, and having to register as sex offenders. State laws on child pornography and child abuse differ throughout the United States and conflict with federal laws, making the ethical obligations for psychologists unclear. The purpose of this article is to promote awareness about legal obligations regarding adolescent sexting, address the ethical dilemma that psychologists face when adolescent sexting is disclosed during psychological treatment, and to provide implications and recommendations for psychologists.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"469 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44711783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Navigating the multidimensionality of social media presence: ethical considerations and recommendations for psychologists 社交媒体存在的多维度导航:心理学家的伦理考虑和建议
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1977935
Kareema Smith, Alexis Jones, Evelyn A. Hunter
{"title":"Navigating the multidimensionality of social media presence: ethical considerations and recommendations for psychologists","authors":"Kareema Smith, Alexis Jones, Evelyn A. Hunter","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1977935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1977935","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To date, the American Psychological Association Ethical Standards and Code of Conduct does not include direct guidance about how psychologists should navigate social media. Given the variety of roles psychologists can choose to engage on social media, it is imperative that guidelines are established. These guidelines should consider the multidimensionality that exists as psychologists may choose to present on social media through a personal presence, a business presence, and/or even an influencer/content creator presence. Specific ethical considerations and recommendations are provided.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"18 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44109981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Ethical Considerations for Psychologists Addressing Racial Trauma Experienced by Black Americans 心理学家处理美国黑人所经历的种族创伤的伦理考虑
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-09-05 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1964080
D. Spann
{"title":"Ethical Considerations for Psychologists Addressing Racial Trauma Experienced by Black Americans","authors":"D. Spann","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1964080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1964080","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent police brutality has reminded people in the United States of America that racism and discrimination toward Black Americans is still prevalent. Evidence supports the claim that many Black Americans experience racial trauma due to the relatively common occurrence of discriminatory racial encounters in their life. Racial traumas are events of danger related to real or secondary experiences of racial discrimination that may cause psychological, emotional, or physical injury. The goal of this article is to identify the ethical complexities for psychologists in addressing racial trauma among Black Americans. First, the article describes examples of racial traumas for Black Americans and their impact on overall mental health. Second, there is an in-depth analysis of ethical issues for psychologists relevant to racial trauma in areas such as competency, discrimination and harassment, bias, assessment, training programs, and harm. Finally, recommendations for psychologists are provided to address racial trauma among Black American clients, students, supervisees, and colleagues.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"99 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47129183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
How does ethical leadership enhance employee creativity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China? 在中国新冠肺炎大流行期间，道德领导力如何提高员工创造力？
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1932502
Gang Li, Yingran Lu, Robin Eliason
{"title":"How does ethical leadership enhance employee creativity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China?","authors":"Gang Li, Yingran Lu, Robin Eliason","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1932502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1932502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders are facing an ethical dilemma and a tense tradeoff between employees’ health and economic performance. From the perspective of employees’ perceptions of the work situation, this study examines the way ethical leadership enhances employee creativity during the COVID-19 pandemic by using leader-member exchange (a perceived social factor) and organizational ethical climate (a perceived contextual factor) as mediators. The sample included 308 supervisor-employee pairs from 20 high-tech companies in eight provincial regions of China. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Results indicate that ethical leadership can significantly enhance employee creativity through the fully mediating roles of employees’ perceptions of leader-member exchange and organizational ethical climate. Moreover, leader-member exchange affects employee creativity directly as well as indirectly through the mediating role of organizational ethical climate. This study offers insights into the process linking ethical leadership to employee creativity and provides practical suggestions on ways of enhancing employee creativity in situations like the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"532 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Longitudinal investigation of moral disengagement among undergraduate engineering students: findings from a mixed-methods study 工科大学生道德脱离的纵向调查：一项混合方法研究的结果
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1958330
Dayoung Kim, B. Jesiek, S. J. Howland
{"title":"Longitudinal investigation of moral disengagement among undergraduate engineering students: findings from a mixed-methods study","authors":"Dayoung Kim, B. Jesiek, S. J. Howland","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1958330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1958330","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The importance of ethics education for undergraduate engineering students has been emphasized due to the manifold impacts of engineering on society. However, little is known about moral disengagement among engineering students, which could potentially lead to unethical engineering practice. Especially, it is not known how engineering students’ moral disengagement changes over the course of their college studies. In this paper, we conducted a longitudinal, mixed-methods study to investigate moral disengagement among undergraduate engineering students (n = 274) using Bandura’s theory of moral disengagement as a theoretical framework. We found engineering students’ overall propensity to morally disengage did not change over time, but there were statistically significant differences in student responses to three mechanisms of moral disengagement. We further investigated these findings with students’ interviews. Based on our results, we discuss various theoretical and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"691 - 713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47022570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Utilitarian choices in COVID-19 dilemmas depend on whether or not a foreign language is used and type of dilemma 新冠肺炎困境中的功利主义选择取决于是否使用外语和困境类型
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1934684
A. Maftei, A. Holman, Olga Gancevici
{"title":"Utilitarian choices in COVID-19 dilemmas depend on whether or not a foreign language is used and type of dilemma","authors":"A. Maftei, A. Holman, Olga Gancevici","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1934684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1934684","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We were interested in exploring the associations and effects of experimental language (i.e., native – L1, or foreign – L2), dilemma type (i.e., personal – D1 or impersonal – D2), the digital device participants used (i.e., PC/laptop or smartphone), along with gender and age in sacrificial COVID-19 and non-COVID moral dilemmas. We performed two studies involving 522 participants aged 18 to 69 in April 2020. In Study 1, we found no significant associations between the dilemma type and the digital device. However, most participants chose to sacrifice an older COVID-19 patient in a critical medical condition to prioritize rescuing similar, younger patients (i.e., 45-year-old males). Results also suggested that male and younger participants were more likely to choose the utilitarian option when the sacrificial dilemma was presented in French. In study 2 (i.e., non-COVID-19), participants made significantly more utilitarian choices in the personal dilemmas presented in French. Results are discussed concerning the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic context and its emotional impact on moral judgment.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"480 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42830280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hear no evil? investigating relationships between mindfulness and moral disengagement at work 不听谗言吗?调查工作中正念和道德脱离之间的关系
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1958331
William T. Brendel, S. Hankerson
{"title":"Hear no evil? investigating relationships between mindfulness and moral disengagement at work","authors":"William T. Brendel, S. Hankerson","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1958331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1958331","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To date, over forty-seven studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of Moral Disengagement (MD) mechanisms used to rationalize unethical behavior. However, none have examined its relationship with mindful awareness, either as a trait or set of everyday applications. Our study (n = 253) demonstrates that trait mindfulness is negatively correlated with all MD mechanisms. The tendency to apply decentering and relaxation is positively correlated with all MD mechanisms while stopping and reappraisal trend toward positive relationships and savoring shows no correlation. We discuss potential reasons for these disparate relationships and implications for mindfulness-based interventions in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"674 - 690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41599275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Nonsmokers-only hiring policies: personal liberty vs. promoting public health 仅限吸烟者的雇佣政策:个人自由vs.促进公共健康
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1932501
W. Taylor, W. Winslade
{"title":"Nonsmokers-only hiring policies: personal liberty vs. promoting public health","authors":"W. Taylor, W. Winslade","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1932501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1932501","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a fierce debate about nonsmokers-only hiring policies, also referred to as no-nicotine hiring policies and “tobacco free” hiring policies. The favorable outcomes of no-nicotine hiring policies include reduced health costs, improved worker productivity, enhanced organizational image, and symbolic messaging. The unfavorable consequences of such policies include violating personal liberty, risking a “slippery slope” to other health-compromising behaviors, exacerbating socio-economic disparities, and discriminating against smokers. No-nicotine hiring policies have not been adequately evaluated and a new approach is warranted. The new conditional employment policy for smokers is described with stipulations for the probationary period. Autonomy and fairness are frequently cited as ethical principles to analyze no-nicotine hiring policies. An analysis of ethical principles is presented for no-nicotine hiring policies and the new conditional employment policy. The ethical principle of fairness is rooted in the effectiveness of any policy. Therefore, an evaluation plan is described for the conditional employment policy to assess effectiveness and efficiency. The proposed policy provides a powerful incentive to overcome smoking addictions, preserve the ethical principles of autonomy and fairness, as well as bridge the divide between personal liberty and personal responsibility.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"359 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44386947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
From moral distress to burnout through work-family conflict: the protective role of resilience and positive refocusing 从道德困境到职业倦怠，再到工作-家庭冲突:弹性和积极重新聚焦的保护作用
IF 2 3区 哲学
Ethics & Behavior Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1955682
Chiara Bernuzzi, I. Setti, M. Maffoni, V. Sommovigo
{"title":"From moral distress to burnout through work-family conflict: the protective role of resilience and positive refocusing","authors":"Chiara Bernuzzi, I. Setti, M. Maffoni, V. Sommovigo","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2021.1955682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1955682","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study analyses for the first time whether and when moral distress may be related to work-family conflict and burnout. Additionally, this study examines whether resilience and positive refocusing might protect healthcare professionals from the negative effects of moral distress. A total of 153 Italian healthcare professionals completed self-report questionnaires. Simple and moderated mediation models revealed that moral distress was positively related to burnout, directly and indirectly, as mediated by work-family conflict. Highly resilient professionals experienced low work-family conflict, regardless of moral distress levels. Moreover, professionals who frequently used positive refocusing were less vulnerable to burnout following moral distress.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"32 1","pages":"578 - 600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42048787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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