Journal of African History最新文献

{"title":"The Lutheran Church and the Tanzanian State","authors":"F. Ludwig","doi":"10.1017/S002185372200041X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185372200041X","url":null,"abstract":"highlighted by the authors as a choice — one made in the context of a numerically significant, but frequently persecuted larger African community in late-slave-trade-era Brazil. The Story of Rufino uses a life history — exceptional as it was — to illuminate a broader story about the centrality of African slavery and slave trading to economy of the mid-nineteenth-century Atlantic. His ‘ reverse ’ diasporic journey, from the slaving ships of Brazil to colonial Sierra Leone demonstrates the multidirectionality of the lives of many Africans uprooted in the slave trade, in this he was unusual but not completely unique. 3 Unlike other African diaspora intellectuals such as Domingos Álvares, who contested the hegemony of Atlantic slavery and empire, Reis, dos Santos Gomes, and de Carvalho trace the contradictions of Abundcare ’ s politics. He labored and invested in the transatlantic slave trade, while embracing a religious community which Brazilian political elites feared would under-mine their Christianized slaveholding society. His activities made him vulnerable to police harassment, but he seemingly never embraced open rebellion against the state ’ s authority like other enslaved and freed Africans. His ‘ accommodations ’ to Brazil ’ s slavocracy strikingly illustrate transatlantic slaving ’ s hegemonic power, even for people violently dispossessed by the traffic.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"277 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Worlding of Architectural Labor","authors":"Hannah le Roux","doi":"10.1017/S002185372200038X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185372200038X","url":null,"abstract":"The effort to imagine worlds beyond colonialism has become a central subject for recent historiography, and in this enormously important contribution from Łukasz Stanek, the postcolonial imagination enfolds the architectural labor of experts from the Comecon states who worked in West Africa and the Middle East from 1957 to 1990. Stanek’s long and detailed project is timely, not least as a counter to the dominance of architectural research conducted in Western European and Anglophone archives. Stanek has gathered project files from the dispersed personal and institutional archives of former socialist architectural bureaus and companies, and conducted site-based research, often with African academics. His remarkably persistent research — some details of it are given in a concluding note on sources (308) — has unearthed an extraordinary record, often in the form of long unseen plans, photographs, and publicity. Read as manifestations of new worldmaking during the intense growth period of Africa’s ‘short century’ and the Middle East’s early growth decades, these designs emerged from urban modernization, decolonial agendas, and foreign collaborations. After proposing to address both the histories and significance of these ‘new geographies of collaboration’ and hinting at projects in Syria, Ethiopia, and Algeria that fall outside this volume, Stanek limits his case studies to four main sites and periods: Ghana during 1957–66, Lagos during 1966–79, Baghdad during 1958–90, and Abu Dhabi and Kuwait City during 1979–90. These are places where some major projects designed for the new regimes were built, including international trade fair infrastructures, the complex built in Lagos to host the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (Festac ’77), and government buildings for Abu Dhabi. In parallel, socialist consultants also contributed to several master plans or ‘type designs’ (215–22) of standardized building layouts or components. These commissions led to incremental growth in the exchange of expertise as socialist architects worked abroad, sometimes with African assistants, and occasionally beneath Middle Eastern experts. Sometimes, however, they suffered problems of coordination, unsustainable costs, and, in some later cases, outdated design approaches. The projects Stanek describes were often produced through collective ventures, including state-funded design institutes. This approach to procurement contrasted with the colonial practices of foreign architecture where research stations would offer expertise to professional offices and construction firms, a likely more flexible way of distributing knowledge, but a less efficient route to scaling up construction. While there are some extraordinary narratives of grand projects carried out by Comecon experts, the stories of those overseas experts who became more embedded in local societies by joining local institutions make for some of the most revealing content. These stories point to t","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"257 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45350892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Text and Authority in Nineteenth Century Nigeria","authors":"M. Last","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"252 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41612510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal structure of mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate decarboxylase reveals insight into the evolution of decarboxylases in the mevalonate metabolic pathways.","authors":"Mizuki Aoki, Jeffrey Vinokur, Kento Motoyama, Rino Ishikawa, Michael Collazo, Duilio Cascio, Michael R Sawaya, Tomokazu Ito, James U Bowie, Hisashi Hemmi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate decarboxylase is involved in the recently discovered Thermoplasma-type mevalonate pathway. The enzyme catalyzes the elimination of the 3-phosphate group from mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate as well as concomitant decarboxylation of the substrate. This entire reaction of the enzyme resembles the latter half-reactions of its homologs, diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase and phosphomevalonate decarboxylase, which also catalyze ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of their substrates. However, the crystal structure of mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate decarboxylase and the structural reasons of the difference between reactions catalyzed by the enzyme and its homologs are unknown. In this study, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate decarboxylase from Picrophilus torridus, a thermoacidophilic archaeon of the order Thermoplasmatales. Structural and mutational analysis demonstrated the importance of a conserved aspartate residue for enzyme activity. In addition, although crystallization was performed in the absence of substrate or ligands, residual electron density having the shape of a fatty acid was observed at a position overlapping the ATP-binding site of the homologous enzyme, diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase. This finding is in agreement with the expected evolutionary route from phosphomevalonate decarboxylase (ATP-dependent) to mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate decarboxylase (ATP-independent) through the loss of kinase activity. We found that the binding of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, an intermediate of the archeal isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, evoked significant activation of mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate decarboxylase, and several mutations at the putative geranylgeranyl diphosphate-binding site impaired this activation, suggesting the physiological importance of ligand binding as well as a possible novel regulatory system employed by the Thermoplasma-type mevalonate pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"28 1","pages":"102111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9254496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79024492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Army's Complicated Legacy","authors":"Ushehwedu Kufakurinani","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"261 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49324597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaboration, Survival, and Flight: Fulbe Narratives of Guinea-Bissau's War for Independence, 1961–74","authors":"D. N. Glovsky","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, Bissau-Guineans fought a bloody war for independence. Typical narratives of the war emphasize the ethnic dimension of the liberation struggle, with Balanta freedom fighters opposing Portuguese-allied Fulbe. This dominant narrative is open to question, as it ignores the war as a ‘social condition’, and the role that local circumstances played in determining collaboration with the Portuguese, fighting in liberation militaries, or fleeing to neighboring states for personal safety. Oral and archival evidence suggests a more nuanced perspective that blurs the binary nature of this dominant narrative along ethnic fault lines, viewed as either resistance or collaboration. The argument presented in this article allows us to move past defining the war along ethnic or regional lines, and instead urges a view of the conflict as a complex, fractured experience for all Bissau-Guineans, shaped by the particularities of local circumstances.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"214 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48536866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrants and the Black Atlantic in Liberia","authors":"Quito Swan","doi":"10.1017/s0021853721000700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853721000700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"279 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42158858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Art in an Imperial Center","authors":"Sarah Van Beurden","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000081","url":null,"abstract":"edge and reputation’ (14) by writing several books based on Dɔnkɔ’s lexica of herbal remedies. Konadu’s language then becomes checkered with commentary about Warren’s ‘interracial’ marriage (166), and the implication that some of the records of Dɔnkɔ’s interaction with Warren went purposely missing (172). There is evident bitterness here, as Konadu uses Warren’s work to argue that Dɔnkɔ, like other citizens of the newly independent nation of Ghana, was ‘still exposed to the exploits of capitalists, neocolonialists, and the coming-of-age-of African Studies’ (165). Such complications aside, the section on Warren appropriately problematizes the harvesting of anthropological knowledge in the postcolony. It is also worth noting that the Dɔnkɔ/Warren encounter, despite what might have been waylaid, did leave a trove of field notes that enabled Konadu to provide a beautiful reflection on Kofi Dɔnkɔ’s daily healing activities. The Dɔnkɔ/Warren records bear witness to the modest blacksmith as someone in full control of his clinical practice and spiritual world, healing a wide array of illnesses in patients from Takyiman and abroad. There is no getting around the intellectual intensity that the author has invested into Our Own Way in this Part of the World. There are some side arguments going on that I can’t cover here, and perhaps wouldn’t be able to even if I tried. And at times, the book gets dense, making it a tough ethnographic slog in parts, especially when the author drags the reader a bit too far into the weeds of everyday Bono life. But there are also some lovely passages too, such as when Konadu thoughtfully suggests that the caricature of ‘fetishism’ might be reframed as a ‘broader agreement between the spiritual forces of nature and the world created by human culture’ (92). The most important thing is that Konadu’s thesis holds. Kofi Dɔnkɔ represents the type of bounded personhood that ‘stretched across two empires, national borders, ecologies, polities, and racial and religious ideologies, signaling a non-national decolonized possibility’ (232). By revealing Dɔnkɔ’s story, Konadu has accomplished something innovative, a book worth reading for anyone who wants to challenge themselves to rethink the field of African Studies.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"125 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running on Empty: Fossil Fuels, Local Fuels, and Entangled Infrastructures in Colonial Senegal, 1885–1945","authors":"J. Cropper","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the history of energy use in colonial Senegal from 1885 to 1945, and it considers how African populations and French colonial officials built a colonial energy economy through overlapping and competing infrastructures of local and imported fuels, labor, and networks of transportation. As the colonial state constructed a new system of infrastructure, from railways and roads to trains and trucks, the French extended their reach into the interior and increased the production of cash crops. At the same time, peasant farmers, migrant workers, and urban merchants incorporated colonial infrastructures into their own regimes of energy use while also fashioning an infrastructure of locally produced fuels. Through the entanglement of local and colonial infrastructures and labor, as well as the appropriation of various forms of technology, Africans and their colonizers forged a hybrid colonial energy economy — not organic, not industrial — specific to the context of colonialism.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"19 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42096871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AFH volume 63 issue 1 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48504434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}