{"title":"Pan-African Networks, Cold War Politics, and Postcolonial Opportunities: The African Scholarship Program of American Universities, 1961–75","authors":"Anton Tarradellas","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000251","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the early 1960s, when a majority of African countries were gaining independence, the training of personnel capable of implementing nation-building projects became imperative for new African governments, even though higher education opportunities on the continent remained scarce. In a context of competition with the former colonial powers and the USSR, the United States decided to set up scholarship programs for the training of postcolonial African elites. Through the analysis of one of these programs, the African Scholarship Program of American Universities (ASPAU), this article will show that in addition to the Cold War motivations of the US government, pan-African connections and university initiatives were essential in laying the groundwork for the project of educating Africans in the United States. It also highlights the too often overlooked role played by African leaders and academics in the concrete realization, reappropriation, and questioning of overseas training projects.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"75 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42806605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epistemology and History in Central Ghana","authors":"Jonathan Roberts","doi":"10.1017/s0021853722000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000160","url":null,"abstract":"the West during the 1980s. But for Burkina Faso, France’s socialist President François Mitterand embodied Western intervention in Africa. When Mitterand was elected in 1981, Peterson explains, there was much overlap between his and Sankara’s political positions. Yet by 1983, ‘the Mitterand government was forced into an abrupt change of course, embracing Thatcherite austerity measures that seemed to disavow Mitterand’s entire program’ (82). On the opposite end of the spectrum of political engagement, Sankara’s relationship with Libya’s Muammar Qaddafi unsettled Western powers and served as a source of military support for Burkina Faso against threats from neighboring countries, a basis for Sankara to claim political independence in foreign affairs, and he hoped, economic assistance. ‘Libya would support Sankara’s seizure of power through the provisioning of arms, but Sankara would also denounce Libyan intervention in Chad and rebuff Qaddafi’s efforts to expand Libyan influence in Burkina Faso’ (96). I found Peterson’s narrative of Sankara’s efforts to forge a radical foreign policy and strengthen diplomatic ties with nations of the Global South fascinating, but Peterson’s rapid tour through these events lacked clarity at times. It would have been more productive if he had widened his analytical aperture to position Sankara as a window into the decade’s changing political landscape, in order better to display for his readers how unique and tenuous the final bursts of revolutionary politics in the Global South were, from Grenada, to Nicaragua, Jamaica, and Burkina Faso, during the last decade of the Cold War. I wanted to know more about Sankara’s relationships with the leaders of these countries, particularly Grenada’s Maurice Bishop and Ghana’s Rawlings. They and Sankara were together part of the last generation of truly revolutionary anti-imperialists. That said, Peterson’s impressive book will be a foundational text for future studies of Africa during the late Cold War and the promise and perils of revolutionary change. Peterson has made a welcome and overdue contribution to the limited scholarship on Sankara and Burkina Faso, with a text that is in equal parts biography of Sankara and of Burkina Faso during the 1970s and 1980s. Thomas Sankara: A Revolutionary in Cold War Africa is an outstanding example of how a skilled historian can explore a region’s history through the biography of one remarkable individual.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"123 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41865671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No Place for Honest Men","authors":"Benjamin Talton","doi":"10.1017/S002185372200007X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185372200007X","url":null,"abstract":"Sankara: A Revolutionary in Cold War Africa is an outstanding example of how a skilled historian can explore a region ’ s history through the biography of one remarkable individual.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"121 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41736814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Dirt to Write History","authors":"Ainehi Edoro-Glines","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000196","url":null,"abstract":"keeping) and a broadening canon (and hence more marketable objects). With Ratton, Monroe argues, the trade of African art shifted from the contemporary art context Guillaume had cultivated to that of the antiques trade. Interestingly, Monroe considers how the growing importance of African diasporic interest in African art objects, as well as the booming American art market during this period, played a significant role in both the contemporary art and the primitivist approach. Guillaume’s connection with the American collector Albert C. Barnes fed his business, while Ratton cultivated African art as a form of ancestral arts with the avant-garde role of black American artists and intellectuals, thereby heightening its profile with collectors. The last chapter circulates around the shifting meanings of authenticity in African art, one of the central threads Monroe develops throughout the book. The ‘authenticity problem’ (236–7), as he describes it, reflected the tension between competing historical (based around aesthetic and material analyses of the objects) and cultural (based around the presumed identity of the maker of the objects) interpretations of the concept, and the political implications of each of these interpretations. Monroe brings empire more tangibly to the fore here, both as the site of collecting enabled by colonial states, as well as the location of state-sponsored craft production (especially of sculpture), which was enabled by a cultural interpretation of authenticity in the context of interwar colonial humanism. Ultimately, Monroe argues, the aesthetic category of ‘primitive art’ was of primary importance. The concept had a long-term impact on the way African art is regarded because of the late appearance of academic ethnology in France and the deep-seated racism of the colonial system. This book thus presents a French history that will be of interest to scholars who study African art, as well as those interested in colonial knowledge cultures. Not all of its content breaks new ground, but its singular focus on several generations of art dealers, collectors, and scholars in Paris is relevant because of the longstanding power of the category of ‘primitive’ art, which as Monroe points out is still influential, despite its ‘racist paternalism’ (293).","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"127 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47961272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The State of Play in Sports History","authors":"T. Fleming","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000068","url":null,"abstract":"text of their invention and use to decide who gets to be excluded from the city’s political life. Dirt is an indicator of difference, making it particularly generative in the study of various politics of exclusion. Newell’s book is focused on Lagos and Nigerian history, but its references are wider. It ranges from colonial rule to the exclusion of queer lives from postcolonial states, but also the Rwandan genocide, Nazi anti-Semitism, and the recent spate of xenophobia in South Africa. The book looks at how we go from individual beliefs about the presumed dirtiness of others and end up with ‘life threatening forms of anti-humanism’ (162). In working out the terms for ‘a politics and poetics of dirt’ (12), Histories of Dirt is a helpful manual for how dirt, as a word, an object, and a discourse, can be used to constitute archives, influence public opinion, and spark imagination.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"129 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language, Ethnicity, and Media in South Africa","authors":"T. Bosch","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000044","url":null,"abstract":"as by distancing themselves from indigenous performance genres such as taasu, praise singing, and mbalax (i.e. the Orality myth), on the other. She finds that the perceived appeal and utility of hip hop lies in its ability to articulate experientially an urban lived experience of marginalization that speaks to the needs and desires of a disenfranchised ‘youth’ generation due to the conscious ‘social action’ impulse embedded in the culture. Appert complicates this narrative by pointing out how state intervention and the social pressure to respect adult authority place constraints on what she calls their ‘hip hop voice’. One of Appert’s most compelling and insightful chapters is Chapter Five, in which she focuses on the experiences and perspectives of women hip hoppers. She reveals their precarious status in Rap Galsen and how they are forced both to confront and negotiate a multilayered labyrinth of patriarchal attitudes and behaviors within and outside the movement. Appert problematizes male rappers’ ‘distinct masculinity’ (136), which reduces women’s role in Rap Galsen to the margins, while highlighting the agency women exercise in challenging sexism and exclusion to carve out a space of belonging and visibility. In the final chapter, she returns to her core conceptual framework to underscore the ways in which hip hop production constitutes a discursive diaspora experience and response to contemporary urban marginalization in Dakar. In seeking to understand not only how but why Senegalese practice hip hop, she makes a very appealing argument about hip hop as an alternative temporality that suspends the transition from youth to adulthood, as well as allows for the articulation and re-articulation of transatlantic diasporic connections. Appert’s thorough and self-reflective ethnography convincingly supplants dominant narratives of hip hop in Africa by honing in on the intellectual groundwork that sets the politicization of rap in motion. Although her study lacks sufficient critical engagement with the nature and meaning of how Senegalese consume US hip hop, as well as on how the exogenous impacts consciousness, aesthetics, and politics, In Hip Hop Time is a must read for anyone not only interested in music, but also in understanding the relationship between memory, agency, and cultural production in contemporary urban Senegal and beyond. Her theoretical insights into diaspora cultural identity making breaks new ground in what is possible when studying the globalization of hip hop music and culture in Africa.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"134 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45000527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire’s Forking Paths","authors":"S. Daly","doi":"10.1017/S0021853722000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853722000032","url":null,"abstract":"apartheid, Radio Soundings also makes a strong contribution to radio theory by locating her historical analysis within the political and cultural aspects of ‘sonic agency’. Because sound is unseen, argues Gunner, ‘its architectural and shaping qualities in the experiences of everyday life can be elusive’ (3), and the narratives presented by radio serials created the possibility for African agency. The focus on topics like love, courtship and family life, Gunner argues, were staple items in the construction of the modern, creating a discourse of the modern in relation to social life, and presenting alternate versions of community and selfhood. With the growth of Web 2.0, Radio Soundings is a stark reminder of the power of the ‘old’ medium of radio. In this instance, the power of radio during apartheid’s formalized segregation, promoted and sustained the diverse sounds of Black modernity. In particular, Radio Zulu’s jazz and music programs kept currency with global popular music and styles, helping to create modern subjects. Gunner’s work points toward the need for further exploration of the role of radio on the continent, particularly in a more contemporary political context and alongside the growth of online platforms. Radio Zulu still exists today as Ukhozi FM, one of the SABC’s African language stations, which boasts the highest listenership in the country. As Gunner writes, although unseen, sound attunes an individual to the texture of a modern city; from that can come an understanding of where a person fits into a community. Scholars have considered radio’s ongoing importance in selffashioning in postapartheid South Africa, focusing especially on English-language stations. Future research might explore how Ukhozi FM and other vernacular radio stations contribute to contemporary soundscapes of race, culture, and identity in modern day South Africa.","PeriodicalId":47244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African History","volume":"63 1","pages":"136 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45947399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
