Economics & Politics最新文献

{"title":"A Brief Review of the International Experience of Commercialization of Scientific Research","authors":"Ana Polodashvili Ana Polodashvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-141","url":null,"abstract":"Today, it is impossible to achieve sustainable development of the country's economy without scientific research. At the same time, it is necessary to disseminate research results and practical use through commercialization. It should be noted that the knowledge transfer, technologies and inventions from research to commercialization is a rather complex process and requires the joint involvement of both - science and business, as well as political decision-makers. In this paper, the difficulties and opportunities related to commercialization, as well as the role and purpose of universities in this process, are discussed on the example of different countries. There must be mentioned that along with the general defining framework conditions, personal factors such as risk attitude, motivation, self-satisfaction and others play a decisive role in connecting science and business. Scientific fields with special commercial potential in different countries are also discussed in the paper. On the example of some countries, political decisions that directly or indirectly influence the implementation and commercialization of academic research results in the real environment are also presented.\u0000Keywords: Commercialization, Scientific research, Technology transfer, Commercialization promoting policies, University research.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73085894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Transformation of Financial Sphere in Georgia","authors":"Anuki Togonidze Anuki Togonidze","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-164","url":null,"abstract":"The twenty-first century is known as the age of digital technologies. It is even referred to as the 4.0 industrial revolution. The use of digital technologies is becoming increasingly relevant in the world, including in Georgia. Creation of new jobs, minimization of production costs, economic growth are vital issues for any country. Everything is possible with innovative approaches and the use of digital technologies. They greatly contribute to the formation of the world's digital economy. According to international statistical data, it is clear that the rate of use of technologies is constantly increasing, and digitalization of business is becoming an inevitable process. The field of financial services is one of the developed and rapidly transforming fields that successfully implements new digital technologies. The main segments in the financial direction are: transfers, financial market, asset management, blockchain. Blockchain-based fintech technology has turned out to be a turning point in this direction. Its characteristics are: speed, simplicity and flexibility. \u0000Keywords: financial sphere, fintech, transfers, open banking.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81739871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Efficiency of Raspberry Production","authors":"Ketevan Rokva Ketevan Rokva, Olga Xaraishvili Olga Xaraishvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-80","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the importance of raspberries for human health. Berry culture is one of the most important products of human nutrition, which promotes the prevention of diseases, has healing properties. The nutritional, dietary properties of berries are largely determined by their chemical composition: Sugars, organic acids, vitamins and more. It is noted that for the analysis of the economic efficiency of raspberry production it is necessary to conduct an analysis of constant and variable production costs. Although this culture is very useful and economically profitable, it is not properly developed in Georgia, it is produced in small quantities. It has great potential and can fully meet the demand of the local market. \u0000Finally, we should mention that the production of fruits and berries, in particular raspberries, is of special importance for our country. First of all, it contains substances that are important for human health. In addition, it contains biologically active substances that have a positive effect. From an agricultural point of view, raspberry is a high-yielding crop, the price of which is systematically increasing. It is produced in small quantities in Georgia, it has great potential, it can successfully meet local demand and make the country less dependent on imports.\u0000Special attention should be paid to the issue of export. One of the reasons for this is insufficient knowledge of raspberry farmers, a large number of small gardens, it is necessary to unite them, as well as improve the quality of products, select appropriate varieties, and to find a certified agro-specialist.\u0000Among the agro-technological issues, protection of the raspberry plantation from pests is very important and noteworthy. At the same time, it is necessary to protect the raspberry culture from weeds as much as possible, to carry out proper and timely irrigation, especially with drip irrigation.\u0000It should also be taken into account that raspberries are a perishable product. If it is not delivered to the customer on time, it loses its appearance as a commodity. At the same time, it is difficult to communicate with local supermarkets. They require large quantities of uniform packaged products. Refrigerators are needed for sorting and sorting of products, which is beyond the reach of many farmers.\u0000 It is also desirable to have a laboratory in Georgia that will confirm the environmental purity of raspberries with proper documentation. That is, the produced product must have a certificate that it is grown without poisonous chemicals.\u0000All entrepreneurs who want to import raspberries must take into account the marketing standards of the exporting country, which are different in every country - determining the quality of the produced raspberries, and packaging. Raspberries for export must be whole, undamaged, without any defects. It should not be diseased, rotten, or contaminated with foreign matter eg: soil, mud, chemical elements, or dust, nor should it look ol","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90251484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE POTENTIAL OF EXPANDING GEORGIA’S EXPORTS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION","authors":"Zaira Gudushauri ZAIRA GUDUSHAURI, Nino Geliashvili NINO GELIASHVILI","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-114","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the issue is raised and discussed both from the point of view of the EU countries and most of the export-import commodity groups. The share of export to the European Union in the total export of Georgia is analyzed and evaluated, and it is compared with the export of Georgia from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in terms of export volume, specific weight, and growth rate.\u0000The article presents the trade balance of Georgia with the European Union, based on which balance normalization indices are calculated, which are evaluated negatively. The article also calculates the indices of the intensity of trade with the EU (Lij), which were found to be more than one unit of the share taken for analysis. This situation is evaluated positively in the article, and it is also mentioned that Georgia's export intensity with the European Union, i.e. its intra-regional export index, is twice as high as the similar world index in relation to the European Union.\u0000The turnover of export trade from Georgia to the European Union is considered insufficient in the article, and the recommendations for its expansion are presented. Among them are: expansion of the nomenclature of export goods, production of new high-tech and highly qualified export goods, production of quality goods corresponding to the European standards and others.\u0000Keywords: export potential; Trade with the European Union; trade balance; balance","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84277523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MARKETING RESEARCH OF FACTORS OF FINANCIAL EDUCATION/LITERACY OF SCHOOL \u0000STUDENTS IN IMERETI REGION","authors":"Maia Akhvlediani Maia Akhvlediani, Irine Kopalini Irine Kopalini","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/5-7/2023-29","url":null,"abstract":"School that gives general education has been the most significant intermediate link for the transfer of social experience, knowledge, skills and abilities from the older generation to the youth. On one hand, the school, as a public institution, is a kind of mirror of a social organism, on the other hand, the school is a powerful tool for forming the personal qualities of adults. From this point of view, the school is the basis for enforcing the state and social order, creating the conditions for the country's development.\u0000 In the contemporary conditions, the issue of raising the level of financial education of the population in Georgia is acute, therefore the modern school also \"includes\" the problems/tasks of financial education. The purpose of the research was to describe the \"portrait\" of the contemporary teenager in the context of financial literacy. Research methods included:\u0000to the research problem, synthesis and analysis of different scientific approaches, questionnaire survey and statistical processing methods.\u0000 As a result of the marketing research conducted by us, we managed to identify the qualitative characteristics of giving financial education to children in the family, substantiated the main components of the concept of \"financial literacy\" in the context of integrating various scientific approaches, and formulated the task as a questionnaire.\u0000 Thus, School students’ awareness about finances was analyzed considering five main factors: financial skills, financial behavior, values, types of management of money, financial education and awareness. This research has been tremendously significant and crucial since it has given us the opportunity to find out the financial education and practice of financial behavior, that have been done spontaneously, in the process of adults’ socialization. \u0000 Keywords: Financial literacy, financial behavior, financial skills, values, money management style, financial knowledge, educational programs.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76615520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors and Determinants of the Development of Human Capital in Rural Areas in the Conditions of Global Challenges","authors":"O. Demchenko, N. Basiurkina, Nazariy M. Popadynets, S. Minenko, K. Sokoliuk","doi":"10.2478/eoik-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of rural areas is a complex and dynamic phenomenon, the effectiveness of which depends on food security and the economic activity of the population. The urgency of these issues is exacerbated by unprecedented challenges for Ukraine and the transformation of the legal field under martial law. The study aims to determine the factors and determinants of the development of human capital in rural areas in Ukraine, considering the experience of the EU countries in the conditions of global challenges. It is substantiated that the policy adopted in the state to ensure the development of rural areas based on the principles of inclusiveness should be based on balanced instruments, methods, and levers capable of minimizing external and internal threats to agribusiness. Essentially, people’s opportunities and abilities for economic and social activities, as well as for their own development, are critical. It has been proven that the determining factor in this process should be human capital. The motivation for economic activity in the village is singled out from personal factors. In its absence, all prerequisites for urbanization are formed. In this context, the upward dynamics of the indicator of the share of the urban population in the EU countries, which can become an obstacle to the development of business in rural areas, was analyzed and revealed. Attention is paid to the prospects of small businesses in rural areas. The relationship between the urbanization indicator and the human development index in Ukraine and the EU countries was studied.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83924858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electoral proximity, political violence, and personal wellbeing: An experimental analysis in West Africa","authors":"John A. Doces","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12256","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecpo.12256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Does the threat of political violence affect wellbeing? We argue that political violence induced by elections reduces wellbeing as it provokes emotional reactions like anxiety and fear. There is a lingering effect from political violence that reemerges with new rounds of elections, and that reduces wellbeing. To test this claim, we employ an experimental analysis in Côte d'Ivoire. We motivate political violence via a treatment about the 2020 election, and the proximity of the 2020 election. We find that each has a negative effect on wellbeing. In Côte d'Ivoire, we also consider the direct effect of political violence on wellbeing, and find that it is inversely associated with wellbeing. Finally, we extend the analysis of election proximity to Nigeria during the 2023 election. The results here show that proximity is (i) inversely associated with wellbeing and (ii) that it is directly associated with the expectation of political violence. In all cases, political violence lowers self-assessed wellbeing. We argue that this effect is likely to be greater for women than men, but find that it is generally true for the latter. We conclude the paper with considerations about its generalizability, ideas for future research, and policy implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"36 1","pages":"373-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129745897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Private Sector Investment in the Manufacturing Industry on Growth and Unemployment in Iraq for the Period 2004-2021","authors":"Saad Abd Ulkareem Hammad, Ali Darub Kassar Al Hiyali","doi":"10.11648/j.eco.20231203.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20231203.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85875838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Economic Management with Information Technology: Insights from Covid-19 in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"H. Salkić, Aldijana Omerović, Almira Salkić, Marija Kvasina","doi":"10.2478/eoik-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the role of information technology in enhancing the efficiency of economic management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aim was to investigate how the integration of information technology, data usage, and analytics, digital transformation of the financial sector, ensuring digital inclusion and cyber security can contribute to improving economic management in times of crisis. The research methodology involved data collection through a questionnaire that asked participants a series of questions about their attitudes and perceptions regarding the integration of information technology and its impact on the efficiency of economic management during the pandemic. The data were analyzed using the chi-square statistical method to determine the existence of significant relationships between variables. The results indicate that information technology is a key factor in strengthening economic management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The integration of information technology, data usage, and analytics, digital transformation of the financial sector, and ensuring digital inclusion and cyber security can enhance efficiency, transparency, and stability during crisis times. The research emphasizes the need for investment in information technology, the development of implementation strategies, strengthening cyber security, and ensuring digital inclusion as key steps towards building a more resilient economic environment during the pandemic. Further research and implementation of these technologies in practice are recommended to achieve sustainable economic development and successful crisis management.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83268400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capability of Higher Education in Overcoming Digital Inequality in the Conditions of the Crisis in Ukraine","authors":"T. Stepura, Olena Kuzmak","doi":"10.2478/eoik-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of the article is to assess the gap between people’s readiness for effective activity in the digital economy and to identify the functional capabilities of universities to reduce this gap. The research used methods of generalizations, logical, systematic, and comparative analysis, and statistical-economic, sociological, and economic-mathematical methods and techniques. The results of the study showed that the digitalization of the economy, the state, and society, which is taking place in Ukraine, requires a significant increase in the level of society’s readiness for digital changes. For effective integration into the digital environment, in particular in the field of education, it is necessary to create a digital infrastructure that meets EU standards. The authors conducted a study of the development of the digital inclusive component of the regions of Ukraine.Proposed ways of digital development of society. In particular, it has been proven that promoting the development of the provision of educational services improves the digital literacy of the population for daily tasks and for employers to minimize the gaps between the digital environment and people’s skills. It is substantiated that the acquisition of new digital skills and competencies of employees requires the development of training networks and the improvement of foreign language knowledge, both for young people and for other generations.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76842198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}