Economics & Politics最新文献

{"title":"The Key Administrative Competencies of Managers Required for Company Development in the Bani World","authors":"Hrynchak Nataliia, Motuzka Olena","doi":"10.2478/eoik-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When describing the state of the modern world, we can name it “marginal”, i.e. the one where there are hardly any orientations, with organizations having to face barriers in the business processes, which makes them constantly revise the strategies, methods or approaches to the achievement of their goal. It was in 2016 that Jamais Cascio, a futurologist and a researcher from the Institute of Future, brought forward a new conception being in perfect conformity with the present-day situation, dominated by the pandemic provoked by COVID-19, political imbalances, resource deficit, climatic disasters and the war that keeps us in tension. The new term that he proposed to use consisted of the abbreviations, i. e. BANI (brittle, anxious, nonlinear, incomprehensible world without a clear structure). Given that the development of organizations in BANI environment requires from managers the ability to use a symbiosis of various administrative competencies, the article defines the essence of various categories of competencies needed by an effective manager of today and analyses specific ways of their fostering in BANI environment. Three groups of competencies required for an effective manager were outlined. The analysis of conditions in which the Ukrainian business had to operate in the first year of the Russian-Ukrainian war, when businessmen and managers had to take administrative decisions concerned with the fate of their organizations and employees in the situation of survival, to exert extreme effort due to the simultaneous change in many business aspects and the impracticability of any kind of projection, with lack of mental and emotional support, allowed for categorizing the Ukrainian business environment in time of the war as BANI environment. Many companies had to close, but many of them could transfer their facilities and adapt to the present-day realities, change the vector of management and even introduce on new markets in spite that the Ukrainian economy had reduced by one third. This could be possible thanks to skilful actions of managers. The authors’ research allowed for a revision of the key competencies of effective managers in BANI environment with consideration to the Ukrainian realities for doing business. A set of administrative competencies allowing companies for not only keep afloat but to develop new business processes in the realities of war was defined. It is stressed that today Ukrainian managers are urgently in need to develop administrative competencies that help support and expand business, bring the staff together in consolidated and highly professional teams, set up business communications.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":"289 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89042384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Solutions for Economic Growth: Exploring the Impact of Economic Freedoms on Foreign Direct Investment Attraction","authors":"Anđelka Štilić, Andrea Mastilo, Krsto Vuković, Dejan Mastilo","doi":"10.2478/eoik-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Economic freedoms are essential for the growth and development of countries, but their distribution varies across nations, resulting in differences in economic growth. This study aims to explore the impact of economic freedoms on economic growth, measured by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, by examining the influence of institutional quality. Economic freedom indicators were obtained from the 2022 report by the Heritage Foundation, and GDP per capita and FDI indicators were sourced from the World Bank report. This study employs multivariate regression analysis to investigate the relationship between economic freedoms and economic growth. The findings suggest that economic freedoms have a positive effect on both GDP per capita growth and FDI inflow. Government integrity was found to be the primary indicator for GDP per capita growth, while Business freedom was identified as the key factor in attracting FDI. The implications of these results are significant, as they can inform policy decisions aimed at improving the standard of living by increasing GDP per capita and creating employment opportunities through FDI.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"82 1","pages":"29 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76947486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Better to be direct? Evidence from the abolition of direct elections in Italian local governments","authors":"Francesco Ferlenga","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper provides evidence for the importance of direct electoral processes by investigating the consequences for public spending of an unexpected reform that repealed direct elections for local (provincial) politicians in Italy. Direct elections were substituted with indirect ones, whereby directly elected municipal politicians choose a municipal mayor to serve as provincial president. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, I document two main consequences of the reform. First, municipalities connected to the provincial presidents tend to receive disproportionately more public funds after the reform, suggesting geographic favoritism increased. Second, the share of provincial resources spent on public goods drops in favor of bureaucratic costs. I discuss suggestive evidence that these results are driven by weaker electoral incentives rather than by the selection of worse politicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"35 3","pages":"822-891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50137101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intellectual Economic Development: Cost and Efficiency Indicators","authors":"A. Yakymchuk, Andriy Valyukh, Nataliia V. Poliakova, Iryna Skorohod, T. Sak","doi":"10.2478/eoik-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Innovation and economic development go hand in hand. Innovation is the key to economic growth and prosperity. In the current era of globalization, countries that invest in research and development (R&D) and innovative activities are more likely to achieve sustained economic growth and competitiveness in the global marketplace. The purpose of this study is to analyze the values of the International Intellectual Property Index in different countries of the world and compare these data; to establish the relationship between the financial and economic development of the territories, expenses on intellectual research and the international index of intellectual property of the states using different approaches and methods. This article aims to explore the positive experience of intellectual economic development in the world, with a focus on the costs of innovation. The Global Innovation Index (GII) ranks countries based on their innovation capabilities, such as human capital, research and development, institutions, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication. According to the GII 2021 report, the top five most innovative countries are Switzerland, Sweden, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Korea. All this points to the need for the development of innovative and intellectual developments in Ukraine. Such intellectual developments are of particular importance in the conditions of war and are necessary for strengthening the security indicators of the state, preserving the lives of the population in the conditions of missile attacks and destruction. In the world, intellectual economic development is seen as a key driver of economic growth and competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"39 1","pages":"107 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90456374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turnover in EU Monetary Policy in a Crisis","authors":"L. Lebedeva, Diana Shkuropadska","doi":"10.2478/eoik-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The role of monetary policy has become increasingly important in recent years, as a range of economic challenges have emerged, affecting both developing and economically advanced countries. The aim of this article is to examine the shift in the monetary policy of the EU, which has been expressed through changes in the tools used by the European Central Bank (ECB), and to consider the causes and economic implications of this shift. The descriptive analytical method was used to achieve this goal. The study identified that the aim of the ECB’s interest rate increases was primarily to slow down core inflation rates. The ECB has raised the refinancing rate from 0.5% to 2.5% in 2022 and halted asset purchase programs, such as the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme, which had previously stimulated liquidity growth. Despite these changes, forward guidance has been maintained as a useful tool for providing clarity and certainty to financial markets and the public about the future path of monetary policy. It is concluded in the study that the impact of the shift towards contractionary monetary policy is likely to be felt across a range of economic sectors, with higher borrowing costs potentially leading to reduced investment and lower levels of economic growth.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"35 1","pages":"177 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78024299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Countries’ Participation in the ICT Services Market on Economic Growth, CPI, and Exchange Rates","authors":"A. Oliinyk","doi":"10.2478/eoik-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Finding a way of achieving economic growth in the crisis period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and probable global regression aggravates the need for the implementation of managerial solutions of entering or intensifying participation in the perspective markets. The ICT industry has been a locomotive of economic development for the last decade for participating economies. The basic idea of the paper is based on the need to analyze the impact of countries’ participation in the ICT services market on their economic growth, consumer price indices (CPI), and exchange rates. The purpose was achieved by performing an analysis of the state and dynamics of the main indicators of the world ICT services market. The results show that the volume of ICT services exported and imported is growing. Moreover, we aimed to provide empirical evidence on the ICT services market’s impact on the economic parameters of the countries. We proposed a statistical model of Pearson’s r regression, based on the data of GDP values, CPI, and exchange rates of the 30 largest markets accounting for more than 90% of the ICT world market. The core results demonstrate stronger ICT services export and import correlation with GDP for economies with lower GDP per capita. The model shows a high success rate depending on variables. Based on the results obtained during modelling, propositions, and recommendations for countries with different socio-economic development levels were given.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"36 1","pages":"269 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90104745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of An Enterprise Marketing Strategy","authors":"Saba Zedginidze Saba Zedginidze, Lia Berikashvili Lia Berikashvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-163","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the organization's strategic development theory within the competition framework. The authors analyze the activity of the enterprise and develop measures within the framework of its development strategy. The authors note that the strategy is a general, non-detailed plan of any activity, covering a long period, a way to achieve a complex goal, adapting to the changed conditions of existence in the market in the future, the tools of which are still unclear to the manager. According to the authors, the manager is a strategist, and the main goal of his strategy is the effective use of existing resources.\u0000At the same time, the article notes that the marketing strategy is a set of long-term decisions about how the company should meet the needs of existing and potential customers using its internal resources and external capabilities; And the purpose of developing the strategy is to determine the main priority areas and proportions of the company's development and then take into account the material sources and market demand for its provision.\u0000The article presents the opinions of the authors that the strategy should be aimed at the optimal use of the company's capabilities and avoiding wrong actions that may lead to a decrease in the company's efficiency. Thus, the development of the organization's marketing strategy is an essential need, that is, each company must implement its activities according to the plan. At the end of the article, the authors note that the marketing strategy determines not only the company's development path, but also reflects the struggle with competitors, deliberate separation and isolation from competitors, and the goal of these actions is to occupy leading positions in a given market sector.\u0000Keywords: Marketing strategy, strategic planning, competitor analysis.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88623884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main Directions and Priorities of Strengthening State Support for Small Businesses in Georgia","authors":"Valer Matcharashvili Valer Matcharashvili, Valeri Mosiashvili Valeri Mosiashvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-07","url":null,"abstract":"The article is related to the point that the development of small and medium-sized businesses is one of the priority tasks. Small and medium business, as a subsystem of the national economy, as a special form of economic activity, cannot develop only thanks to the conditions created for it, no matter how favorable they may be. In the national economy, special institutions must be created and \"grown\" that ensure the sustainable operation of small and medium-sized businesses. The evolution of approaches to the study of the concept of \"success\" in various fields of science is discussed, and based on this, its essence is specified, the features of the success of small and medium-sized businesses in our country are analyzed. The analysis of success factors is included. The author's classification of factors is given, based on their division into internal and external factors; Internal factors control the companies themselves, while external factors go beyond the boundaries of the companies and affect the company's activities as a whole.\u0000Keywords: small business, state support, grant, production growth, entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78313153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blockchain as One of the Elements of Digitalization of the State and Transition to the Digital Economy","authors":"Tamar Dudauri Tamar Dudauri","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-53","url":null,"abstract":"In the near future, digitalization will cover all areas of life and can provide tangible benefits to the government and citizens in the orderly and timely development of this industry. One of the fundamental tools that will contribute to the development of digitalization of the States is the blockchain. This is the technology of storage of information: any data that you need to document and verify. In the database, you can save the records of the register of diplomas, Bank statements, or government procurement. In the foreseeable future with the help of the blockchain will be possible to receive various benefits from the simplification of document flow to reduce financial costs. \u0000At the modern stage, the issue of digitization not only for the economy but also for the state as a whole has become one of the priorities and considerations for the economically developed and developing countries of the world. State programs for the development of digitization are being developed, issues of legal regulation of new state models, ensuring information security of new solutions are being discussed, and infrastructure is being created for mastering and effective use of advanced technologies. The Government of Georgia has set a very ambitious goal: to gradually move from the traditional economic model to the digital economy throughout the country. It is planned to achieve this as a result of the complete modernization of state departments using modern technologies, which will allow digital transformation to be achieved in the near future in various socially important sectors: starting with healthcare, banking, education, housing, and communal services, and ending with energy.\u0000When considering the issue of the practical use of blockchain by the state, it is worth noting that a number of countries already have a number of positive experiences with the mentioned technology in terms of resource distribution. At the same time, the number of currently active projects continues to grow, and the interest of world governments in this topic is growing exponentially. So, countries such as Estonia, Canada, Honduras, the United Arab Emirates, and others have already achieved significant success in implementing a decentralized data registry.\u0000Thus, blockchain is one of the main technologies for the successful formation of the digital economy in the state. But at the same time, it is necessary to discuss the technical implementation of such an ecosystem within the specifics of each country. This requires not only the creation of certain infrastructure and the transformation of the legal base, but also the proper training and retraining of personnel, the creation of conditions, and opportunities for the widespread dissemination of fundamental technologies of the information society. As for Georgia, `the country has the necessary potential to use this technology in state governance. In today's reality, a country's innovation receptivity can play a huge role in carving out its ","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79161147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Marketing and Stable Growth of the Company","authors":"Saba Zedginidze Saba Zedginidze, Lia Berikashvili Lia Berikashvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-189","url":null,"abstract":"All developed (stable and dynamically developing for a long time) companies are somewhat similar. As a rule, they hold strong positions in one or more market segments, their market share is constantly growing, and they are respected by customers and partners. These companies are usually ready for market changes earlier than others and adapt to new conditions more quickly and painlessly than their competitors.\u0000The modern reality of the market system dictates to its subjects the inevitability of constant rivalry and striving for progress, the need to stay ahead of potential competitors and strengthen their positions in the short and long term. Awareness of what is happening in the market, the desire to reorganize the business, and the ability to make strategic decisions faster than others are the basis of any enterprise's competitiveness.\u0000All this goes beyond even the broadest sense of marketing. However, the marketing approach is also used to solve management problems in the company. In most cases, the quality of the resulting decisions is significantly improved.\u0000Company positioning in the eyes of customers, partners, and other market participants is an inertial process. It often happens that even if the company has made important strategic decisions and is actively engaged in changing its business, the market continues to perceive it in the old way. In order to bring the essence of the ongoing transformations to the target audience, special efforts are needed. A firm's response to market changes is often slow. At the same time, there is a danger of lagging behind competitors, i.e. There is a risk of long-term instability.\u0000Keywords: Strategic marketing, stable growth, the basis of competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80090602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}