Economics & Politics最新文献

{"title":"Development of An Enterprise Marketing Strategy","authors":"Saba Zedginidze Saba Zedginidze, Lia Berikashvili Lia Berikashvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-163","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the organization's strategic development theory within the competition framework. The authors analyze the activity of the enterprise and develop measures within the framework of its development strategy. The authors note that the strategy is a general, non-detailed plan of any activity, covering a long period, a way to achieve a complex goal, adapting to the changed conditions of existence in the market in the future, the tools of which are still unclear to the manager. According to the authors, the manager is a strategist, and the main goal of his strategy is the effective use of existing resources.\u0000At the same time, the article notes that the marketing strategy is a set of long-term decisions about how the company should meet the needs of existing and potential customers using its internal resources and external capabilities; And the purpose of developing the strategy is to determine the main priority areas and proportions of the company's development and then take into account the material sources and market demand for its provision.\u0000The article presents the opinions of the authors that the strategy should be aimed at the optimal use of the company's capabilities and avoiding wrong actions that may lead to a decrease in the company's efficiency. Thus, the development of the organization's marketing strategy is an essential need, that is, each company must implement its activities according to the plan. At the end of the article, the authors note that the marketing strategy determines not only the company's development path, but also reflects the struggle with competitors, deliberate separation and isolation from competitors, and the goal of these actions is to occupy leading positions in a given market sector.\u0000Keywords: Marketing strategy, strategic planning, competitor analysis.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88623884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Economy as One of the Sustainable Development Directions","authors":"Tengiz Lachkepiani Tengiz Lachkepiani, Maia Lomishvili Maia Lomishvili, Tamta Utnelishvili Tamta Utnelishvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-44","url":null,"abstract":"The article mentions the need to transform economic activities to reduce environmental risks. The green economy is considered as a new vector of sustainable development, which contributes to the improvement of human well-being and ensures social equality. Current crises in the world and the measures needed to overcome them are given. The level of state funding and its role in the transition to a green economy are analyzed. The role of the green economy in the fight against poverty and the role of investments in the development of the green economy are mentioned. The paper presents the necessary measures for a successful transition to a green economy.\u0000Keywords: Green economy, food security, crisis, green investments.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83972378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Marketing and Stable Growth of the Company","authors":"Saba Zedginidze Saba Zedginidze, Lia Berikashvili Lia Berikashvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-189","url":null,"abstract":"All developed (stable and dynamically developing for a long time) companies are somewhat similar. As a rule, they hold strong positions in one or more market segments, their market share is constantly growing, and they are respected by customers and partners. These companies are usually ready for market changes earlier than others and adapt to new conditions more quickly and painlessly than their competitors.\u0000The modern reality of the market system dictates to its subjects the inevitability of constant rivalry and striving for progress, the need to stay ahead of potential competitors and strengthen their positions in the short and long term. Awareness of what is happening in the market, the desire to reorganize the business, and the ability to make strategic decisions faster than others are the basis of any enterprise's competitiveness.\u0000All this goes beyond even the broadest sense of marketing. However, the marketing approach is also used to solve management problems in the company. In most cases, the quality of the resulting decisions is significantly improved.\u0000Company positioning in the eyes of customers, partners, and other market participants is an inertial process. It often happens that even if the company has made important strategic decisions and is actively engaged in changing its business, the market continues to perceive it in the old way. In order to bring the essence of the ongoing transformations to the target audience, special efforts are needed. A firm's response to market changes is often slow. At the same time, there is a danger of lagging behind competitors, i.e. There is a risk of long-term instability.\u0000Keywords: Strategic marketing, stable growth, the basis of competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80090602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Results of Land Cadastral Data Research on the Example of the Village Mzisguli","authors":"Elene Bliadze Elene Bliadze","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-84","url":null,"abstract":"Our research shows the possibilities of spatial analysis by using geoinformation systems, on the Georgian land cadaster information, in particular, on the information created in the process of land ownership registration reforms in the Ministry of Justice, the National Agency of Public Registry. Also the research shows the importance of land cadastral data as the basic data. The research findings identify the problematic issues and provides their solution ways.\u0000It was approved the opinion on how important it is to convert the information stored in the archives about the old land use and soil maps into a digital format, particularly, to transfer in the spatial (geographical) information, for comparing old and modern conditions in order to plan future activities. The village Mzisguli, located in Sagarejo Municipality, Kakheti has been chosen for the research, where the pilot project of systematic registration has been completed. \u0000The boundary of the registration sector of Mzisguli (55.02) is used as the boundary of the research area. There were analyzed all possible quantitative and percentage indicators from the existing cadastral and spatial data created in the research process. Additionally, there were created data bases with all important geospatial layers, and were prepared thematic maps and various recommendations.\u0000Keywords: Cadastre, Land Cadastral system, Ownership registration, Land resources, Geodata, GIS, Spatial analysis.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89629304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of Transporting Kazakhstan’s Oil Using the So-called \"Middle Corridor\"","authors":"Giorgi Garakanidze Giorgi Garakanidze","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-142","url":null,"abstract":"In January, 2023 the President of Kazakhstan welcomed the signing of an agreement between the Abu Dhabi Ports Group and KazMunaiGas National Company on a strategic partnership.\u0000Tokayev noted that the country intends to become a full-fledged transport hub in Central Asia and in the Caspian Sea region. Kazakhstan is working on the diversification of transport corridors, paying particular attention to the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route and the International North-South Transport Corridor.\u0000Meanwhile, UAE aims at establishing a mutually beneficial partnership and providing various maritime services and solutions in the Caspian Sea and Central Asian region. The organization specializes in building ports, economic zones, and the development of logistics and digital businesses for their international partners.\u0000Dubai-based port operator DP World is reportedly also planning investment in freezone project and is said to invest $1bn in Kazakhstan Banking & Finance.\u0000There are plans to carry out joint projects with Abu Dhabi Ports/ DP World to develop the infrastructure of seaports in order to strengthen economic ties between Kazakhstan and the UAE, including partnerships in the transport and logistics sector.\u0000 Keywords: Kazakhstan, UAE, Oil, Gas, “Middle Corridor”, Energy Security, Energy, Port Infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77393756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues of Improving the Methodology of Agricultural Damage Assessment","authors":"Nikolaishvili Akaki Nikolaishvili Akaki, Archil Tsertsvadze Archil Tsertsvadze","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-134","url":null,"abstract":"The main role in the agricultural insurance program is damage assessment, which is very peculiar due to its specificity.\u0000 Damage assessment is carried out by determining the percentages of loss, final real production and expected real production according to the insurance conditions of the plant damaged by insurance risks, this process is carried out by an agro expert.\u0000 The damage assessor evaluates the deviation of the condition of the vegetative and generative parts of the plant, fruits from the standard/initial condition as a result of injuries caused by the insured risk. The assessment is done only to determine the percentage of quantitative and not qualitative losses. The purpose of determining the percentage of damage is to determine by how much the percentage of the crop/plants that existed before the occurrence of the insured risk occurred/will occur, compared to what it was before the occurrence of the risk.\u0000 Perfection of damage assessment methodology in the agricultural insurance program is vital for the farmer. The specifics of properly conducted agro loss assessment will contribute to the development of agriculture and agro-insurance.\u0000 As the research shows, a lot of work is needed to regulate agricultural losses. In order to perfect the methodology of damage assessment, it is necessary to conduct practical studies and to certify agricultural experts. Furthermore, it is necessary to share the world experience for the development of agro-insurance, taking into account the local specifics;\u0000 Moreover, the perfection of the necessary agricultural insurance state program for correct assessment of risks, adequate determination of insurance premium and full compensation of financial losses of farmers are necessary; It is quite important to create and to improve damage assessment methods for different cultures individually.\u0000Keywords: Insurance, farmer, damage, appraisal, expert, agriculture.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77407963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Main Objectives of Pension Reform","authors":"Georgi Gigolashvili Georgi Gigolashvili, Nato Gegenava Nato Gegenava","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-38","url":null,"abstract":"The developed states of the modern world have already understood the need to reform the pension system, which will be adequate for the financial, demographic and economic challenges facing the civilized world. The need to reform the pension system in Georgia is becoming more and more relevant in recent years.\u0000One of the important reforms of state social policy and the future development of the economy is the creation of a funded pension system. International experience and the opinions of a number of researchers show that it is necessary to implement a number of reforms in the system.\u0000The introduction of the private pension system will make it possible for the social pension system to gradually become an instrument for overcoming poverty. The existing system allows citizens of retirement age to be protected from poverty. Thus, the private pension system would make it possible for the social pension to be aimed at overcoming poverty at retirement age and not at ensuring a high replacement rate.\u0000Keywords: Pension, Pension System, Employment.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75912103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Creative Thinking, the Future of Idea Generation","authors":"Teimuraz Goderdzishvili Teimuraz Goderdzishvili","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-63","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has been the most successful modern technology created in recent years. Its development began in the 1960s and was based on simulating the human brain. The scientific community's interest has focused on developing machine-learning neural networks and their potential applications in music, art, architecture, and other fields. AI is increasingly capable of generating creative ideas and assisting humans in decision-making processes. With advanced algorithms, machine learning, and natural language processing, AI has the potential to revolutionize creative thinking. In this article, there is discussed whether AI can generate creative ideas and how expressive and creative these ideas can be. AI technologies can be used in creative industries such as content creation, information analysis, information retrieval, and processing.\u0000The purpose of new technologies is to automate specific processes, simplify them, maintain accuracy, and reduce production costs. In some cases, they enable us to complete tasks or solve problems that were previously impossible. AI is a set of codes, methods, algorithms, and other data that allow a computer system to imitate human behavior and make human-like decisions. AI systems widely use data compression and storage capabilities, which enable them to process information by observing human actions and behaviors.\u0000To generate creative ideas, AI requires a different level of training and expertise, a faster rate of information processing, and high-quality analysis. Advances in AI largely depend on data relevance. Human creative thinking often uses imagination to generate original ideas that may not follow general rules. Creative tasks usually require originality of thought and innovation, which can be challenging to replicate with AI systems.\u0000Artificial intelligence has shown mixed results in both original creative and automated work processes. However, it is increasingly being associated with human creativity and original thinking. Over the decades, numerous studies have been conducted on the use of artificial intelligence in the creative field.\u0000Keywords: Creative idea, digital technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning language (NLP).","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82303895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Healthcare Management Models in The Country of Georgia and Proposed Solutions","authors":"Maka Kuchava Maka Kuchava, Marina Metreveli Marina Metreveli","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-18","url":null,"abstract":"The article \"Problems in Georgia's Health Care Management System and the Proposed Solutions\" examines the impact of ongoing health care reforms in Georgia on the overall health status of the population and its influence on changes in such indicators as the country's demography. The article eexplores both the primary health care system and the secondary care and highlights that despite much interventions and funding coming from donor organizations and the state budget, Georgia's health care system is still far from reaching the European Core Health Indicators (ECHI). Specifically: referral rates to a \"family doctor\" is low; the proportion of \"out-of-pocket\" payment is still high; there is a substantial shortage of nurses and a surplus of doctors; low hospital bed occupancy rates; funding for primary care on a \"residual principle\" remains a challenge and more.\u0000Concomitantly, all of the above reflected the demographic indicators of the country, and within the last three decades over the period from 1990 to 2021 the birth rates declined, mortality increased, and average life expectancy decreased.\u0000Based on the findings, the authors conclude that it is hard to close the existing gaps the \u0000country's health care system is facing by means of a single sectoral approach, and propose a strategy for inter-sectoral management model for health care within one cluster. The article examines a model on the example of the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia.\u0000Keywords: health care reforms; management of reforms; \"Family Doctor\"; Family Medicine; intersectoral management; cluster.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90229743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Wealth as an Economic Category","authors":"Nato Chikviladze Nato Chikviladze","doi":"10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3-4/2023-74","url":null,"abstract":"National wealth is one of the most general economic categories and an integral indicator for assessing and comparing the economic potential and capabilities of different countries. The calculation of such important macroeconomic quantities is based on the system of national accounts. In the economic literature, the term wealth refers to the sum of certain elements. In the economic literature, the term \"wealth\" refers to the sum of certain elements. In this sense, \"wealth\" is the object of economic science and statistical research. Country, nation, people, social wealth - these categories emerged with the formation of economic science. The first mention of the category \"national wealth\" in foreign literature is associated with the works of the classical economist W. Petty. In his search for the source of wealth, the author quantified the economic events of his time. In 1664 the scholar calculated the national wealth of England. \u0000 Two concepts have emerged: national wealth is regarded as a certain fund held by a country in a certain period of time, or as recurrent income, a certain flow of products processed and used by the state, of the country over a certain period of time. The second concept dominated 19th century science. In our view, the definition of national wealth as a certain flow over a certain period of time is more characteristic of the concept of national income or gross product. For a scientifically sound and legitimate characterization of the concept of national wealth it is necessary to combine these two approaches. Only from the middle of the 20th century onwards. National wealth is identified with the accumulated stock of tangible and intangible assets. All elements of national wealth have a material composition, i.e. represent the material wealth of society. But on the wave of scientific and technological progress, information played a big role, in the mid-twentieth century the economy transformed from industrial to neo-industrial, and intangible elements were included in national wealth: human capital and information. If we compare countries by the level of national wealth, it is known that natural resources prevail in the structure of national wealth of low-income countries, and human potential prevails in high-income ones. In order to achieve a certain level of socio-economic well-being, most researchers believe that forms of international division of labor and organization are necessary to enable less developed countries to change the proportions of national wealth. and increase the proportion of human potential.\u0000Keywords: Wealth, national wealth, national wealth as an economic category.","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82840628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}