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Are algorithms always fair? The study on public preferences toward algorithmic decision-making: A case study from the perspectives of decision scenarios and social roles 算法总是公平的吗？算法决策的公众偏好研究：基于决策情景和社会角色视角的案例研究
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12325
Bing Wang, Longxiang Luo, Xiuli Wang
{"title":"Are algorithms always fair? The study on public preferences toward algorithmic decision-making: A case study from the perspectives of decision scenarios and social roles","authors":"Bing Wang,&nbsp;Longxiang Luo,&nbsp;Xiuli Wang","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of algorithmic decision-making into daily life gives rise to a need to understand public attitudes toward this phenomenon. This study uses online experiments to explore how decision scenarios and roles influence public preferences for algorithms. In-depth interviews were conducted to examine interpretations of algorithmic fairness. The findings indicate a preference for algorithms, yet a stronger preference for human decision-making in ethically complex scenarios. Decision-makers demonstrate greater acceptance of algorithms. Participants perceive algorithmic fairness from social and technical perspectives, emphasizing autonomy and transparency. Despite a general preference for algorithms, concerns persist, revealing a nuanced view of algorithmic fairness as a form of societal power.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"420-441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Politics of local fiscal discipline with vertical fiscal imbalance 纵向财政失衡下的地方财政纪律政治
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12323
Samuel K. Obeng, Layal Aazam
{"title":"Politics of local fiscal discipline with vertical fiscal imbalance","authors":"Samuel K. Obeng,&nbsp;Layal Aazam","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine the political conditions mediating the effect of vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) on local government fiscal discipline in Ghana. Based on a panel dataset of 216 local governments in Ghana over the period 1994–2018, we adopt both a static and dynamic approach, in addition to a regression discontinuity design. From the results, while alignment may give “free pass,” local governments could leverage same for effective tax efforts. Further, the benefits of lower political competition may reduce where local governments place reliance on central government grants. There is consistent evidence of a negative effect of VFI on fiscal discipline.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"400-419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecpo.12323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
U.S. presidential approval and the macroeconomy: 1960–2022 美国总统支持率与宏观经济：1960-2022
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12322
T. Daniel Coggin
{"title":"U.S. presidential approval and the macroeconomy: 1960–2022","authors":"T. Daniel Coggin","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>U.S. presidential approval is a topic that has long attracted the interest of political pundits, journalists, candidates, and academics. This study focuses on quarterly U.S. presidential approval and measures of the U.S. macroeconomy. This research will expand, update and reinvestigate this relationship using new data, additional variables and the IVX predictive regression model of Kostakis, et al. (2015), specifically developed for time series data with mixed orders of integration such as we have here. We found that (as measured by Gallup data) U.S. presidential approval is a stationary mean-reverting variable with a long-term mean of approximately 50%. Our results also suggest that presidential party and the business cycle have no impact on the mean of quarterly presidential approval as <i>standalone</i> variables. However, using a comprehensive set of macroeconomic variables in a single study, we found that macroeconomic variables make a difference in applying predictive regression models to indicate significance. Specifically, before <i>and</i> after controlling for other macroeconomic variables, political party and the business cycle, more immediate “pocketbook issues” like gasoline prices and inflation expectations are important issues to American voters' presidential approval rating. Simply put, our regression results suggest rising prices and the expectation of rising prices consistently lower presidential approval in our sample data. This is a result that will likely interest political practitioners and academics alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"376-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political regime and income (re)distribution—Panel data analysis in 126 countries 政治制度和收入（再）分配——126个国家的面板数据分析
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12320
Brandon Parsons, Shahdad Naghshpour
{"title":"Political regime and income (re)distribution—Panel data analysis in 126 countries","authors":"Brandon Parsons,&nbsp;Shahdad Naghshpour","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12320","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study analyzes the relationship between the political regime and income (re)distribution. The unbalanced panel has 126 countries from 1988 to 2021, which is subdivided by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) membership. In non-OECD countries, the study finds that more democratic regimes and movements toward democracy on the political regime spectrum are associated with (1) increases in the market Gini coefficient, (2) increases in the net Gini coefficient, and (3) less absolute income redistribution. This suggests that democratic transitions may lead to greater income inequality, and these transitions do not necessarily correspond with more aggressive redistributive policies. In OECD countries, the political regime has an insignificant relationship with Gini coefficients and absolute income redistribution. The findings are robust to two political regime measures, namely, Polity5 and International Country Risk Guide, and multiple econometric models (e.g., Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effects, Generalized Least Squares, and Generalized Method of Moments). The study also explores the role of regime longevity, government stability, and institutional strength on income (re)distribution. Although the results are mixed, many models find that government stability and institutional strength are often associated with a decrease in Gini coefficients.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"341-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development strategy, infrastructure, and premature deindustrialization: Comparing Asian, African, and Latin American economies 发展战略、基础设施和过早去工业化：比较亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲的经济
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12319
Valeria Lauria, Justin Yifu Lin, Xin Wang, Yawen Zheng
{"title":"Development strategy, infrastructure, and premature deindustrialization: Comparing Asian, African, and Latin American economies","authors":"Valeria Lauria,&nbsp;Justin Yifu Lin,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Yawen Zheng","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the phenomenon of premature deindustrialization in developing countries, with a focus on Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, and examines why this trend primarily occurs in these regions rather than in East Asia. Through a comparative analysis of industrialization experiences across different economies since the 1960s, the paper argues that premature deindustrialization results from a combination of liberalization shocks, development strategies that defy comparative advantage, and inadequate infrastructure supply due to the lack of active state involvement in its provision driven by prevailing neoliberal ideas. This study empirically validates this hypothesis using country-sector-level data from 40 economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"304-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What causes polarized stagnation, corporate economy, or welfare state?: Insights from new development economics 是企业经济还是福利国家导致了两极分化的停滞？新发展经济学的启示
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12316
Sung-Hee Jwa
{"title":"What causes polarized stagnation, corporate economy, or welfare state?: Insights from new development economics","authors":"Sung-Hee Jwa","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12316","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecpo.12316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores polarized economic stagnation from the perspective of a capitalist corporate economy. It introduces two institutional policy paradigms: economic differentiation (ED) and economic egalitarianism (EE). ED-friendly “market democracy” promotes shared growth, whereas EE-friendly “egalitarian democracy” leads to polarized stagnation. The corporate economy is portrayed as the epitome of the ED institution leading shared growth, whereas the redistributive welfare state based on EE institutions could bring polarized stagnation. Empirical analysis tests these hypotheses and discovers that the world's polarized stagnation may be linked to “welfare policy under egalitarian democracy” rather than “corporate growth under market democracy” as commonly thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"271-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecpo.12316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of politicians' sex on political budget cycles: An empirical analysis of Spanish municipalities 政治家性别对政治预算周期的影响：西班牙市政当局的实证分析
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12318
Israel García, Bernd Hayo
{"title":"The influence of politicians' sex on political budget cycles: An empirical analysis of Spanish municipalities","authors":"Israel García,&nbsp;Bernd Hayo","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Does a politician's sex influence political budget cycles (PBCs)? We answer this question using a sample of Spanish municipalities from the Madrid region for the period 2010–2019. The Madrid region has a homogenous set of budget rules that allow consistent categorization of budget expenditure items as either “mandatory” or “non-mandatory” public services. After differentiating between <i>smaller</i> and <i>larger</i> municipalities, gender influence is studied along two dimensions: the mayor's sex and the share of women in government. Our findings include, in regard to mandatory spending in <i>smaller</i> municipalities, that gender-balanced governments induce PBCs. In <i>larger</i> municipalities, when the share of women in government is above 60%, electoral spending is increased by up to 10% of an average municipal budget for mandatory spending, and up to 2.2% for non-mandatory. These findings are generally supported in a mixed-gender close election analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"243-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecpo.12318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of non-trade non-rent barriers on intra-Africa trade 非贸易非租金壁垒对非洲内部贸易的影响
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12317
Dimitrios Asteriou, Reginald Kadzutu
{"title":"The effects of non-trade non-rent barriers on intra-Africa trade","authors":"Dimitrios Asteriou,&nbsp;Reginald Kadzutu","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12317","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecpo.12317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article evaluates the effects of non-trade non-rent barriers to intra-Africa trade. Specifically, the effects of improved productivity, improved capital inflows, share of employment in non-agricultural sectors, and ratio of rural population. We seek to investigate the impact of institutional strength measured by property rights, rule of law and control of corruption, different exchange rate regimes on the impact of the non-trade non-rent variables on intra-Africa trade. We use an extensive dataset of 25 countries, by picking the most diverse and high-income economies in each region, for the period 2000–2020 using annual data. The empirical analysis involves a linear panel analysis with a fixed effects estimator. The study provides evidence that level of labor productivity is a key factor in the growth of intra-Africa imports and exports, the share of employment in the wholesale and services sector also has a significantly positive impact, exchange rate regimes play a magnifying role, and strong institutions (regulatory quality, rule of law and low corruption) will enhance the benefits to be drawn for increased income flows.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"224-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecpo.12317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patriarchy, pandemics, and the gendered resource curse thesis: Evidence from petroleum geology 父权制、大流行病和性别资源诅咒论：石油地质学的证据
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12312
Jubril Animashaun, Ada Wossink
{"title":"Patriarchy, pandemics, and the gendered resource curse thesis: Evidence from petroleum geology","authors":"Jubril Animashaun,&nbsp;Ada Wossink","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12312","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecpo.12312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines features shared by societies built around petroleum and the impact of COVID-19. For our cross-sectional analysis, we use epidemiological data on COVID-19, country-level long-run oil production data, and data on petroleum geology for econometric identification. We first document that a country's long-run oil production is associated with significantly higher COVID-19 deaths. Exploring mechanisms, we find that women's election into political offices reduces the risk from COVID-19, but only in oil-poor countries. Furthermore, we find robust evidence that petroleum wealth reduces the percentage of women in parliament. These findings highlight the risk and plausible mechanisms of COVID-19 vulnerability in oil-exporting countries. Policymakers should be aware of these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"201-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecpo.12312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of comment letters on audit fees: Evidence from spillover effect 评议函对审计费用的影响：来自溢出效应的证据
IF 1.5 4区 经济学
Economics & Politics Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/ecpo.12314
Wuqing Wu, Huixuan Zhang, Yuan George Shan
{"title":"The impact of comment letters on audit fees: Evidence from spillover effect","authors":"Wuqing Wu,&nbsp;Huixuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan George Shan","doi":"10.1111/ecpo.12314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines whether comment letters have spillover effects on audit fees. By examining listed companies in China, we find that the frequency of comment letters received by peer firms is positively associated with focal firms' audit fees. The spillover effect is stronger when companies have the same audit firm as their peers and the comment letter is longer, asks more questions, is more negative, or contains more risk information. Furthermore, the effect is more pronounced (weaker) for companies with higher growth (audited by Big Four audit firms). Our findings suggest that comment letters have regulatory effectiveness, which influences companies' and auditors' behavior on a large scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":47220,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Politics","volume":"37 1","pages":"169-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecpo.12314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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