Cross-Cultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Anger and Sadness: Gendered Emotional Responses to Climate Threats in Four Island Nations","authors":"Margaret V. du Bray, A. Wutich, K. Larson, D. White, A. Brewis","doi":"10.1177/1069397118759252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118759252","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change presents an important threat to community livelihoods and well-being around the world. Biophysical vulnerability to the effects of climate change, such as sea level rise, coastal erosion, changing flora and fauna, and changing precipitation patterns are predicted to affect island nations in particular. Emotional geographies offers a theoretical entry point to understand how changing landscapes, which are often imbued with emotion and personal significance, may result in heightened emotional states and result in different outcomes depending on the severity of these changes and the biophysical vulnerability that produces them. Historically, emotion and gender have been closely linked; we use biophysical vulnerability to climate change, along with emotion and gender, to argue for a differentiated perspective on how men and women in different places may experience different emotional responses to climate change. Using a cross-cultural analysis of qualitative data from four island countries (Fiji, Cyprus, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom; total N = 272), this article explores how different sensitivities to climate change may produce differentiated emotional responses among men versus women across these four sites. Our results indicate that gender does affect the emotional response of respondents in these sites, but that local sensitivity plays an important role in differentiating these emotional responses, and their causes, between the four sites.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"58 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397118759252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48064894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Change and Micronesian Suicide Mortality: A Test of Competing Hypotheses","authors":"E. Lowe","doi":"10.1177/1069397118759004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118759004","url":null,"abstract":"How do modernizing social changes affect suicide risks for youths in small economically developing societies? Since Durkheim, social researchers have hypothesized that processes of social disintegration and processes of normative cultural disequilibrium can increase suicide rates. A lifestyle incongruity hypothesis has also been proposed. This article tests these competing hypotheses for the epidemic of suicide that occurred on culturally diverse communities of the Pacific Islands of Micronesia. The sample includes 74 municipalities of the Federated States of Micronesia. Multiple regression analyses suggest that the best analytic model includes the degree of urbanization, the levels of social integration, and the incongruity between modern economic resources and achieved modern material lifestyle. These results suggest that researchers should attend more to the way communities aspire to and participate in global markets as opposed to shifting adult role structures and occupations as a site for understanding the relationship between rapid social change and suicide.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"3 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397118759004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44681995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Maladjustment Mediates the Relation Between Remembrances of Parental Rejection in Childhood and Adults’ Fear of Intimacy: A Multicultural Study","authors":"R. Rohner, A. Filus, Tatiana Melendez-Rhodes, Behire Kuyumcu, Francisco Machado, J. Roszak, Sadiq Hussain, Yun-joo Chyung, V. P. Senese, S. Daneshmandi, Brien K. Ashdown, Theodoros Giovazolias, Renata Glavak-Tkalić, Siyi Chen, M. K. Uddin, Scott O Harris, Nilgun Gregory, Marisalva Fávero, Samar Zahra, J. Lee, M. C. Miranda, Z. Izadikhah, Carrie M. Brown, A. Giotsa, A. VULIĆ-PRTORIĆ, Xuan Li, A. Khaleque, Gülçin Karadeniz, Márcia Machado, Sana Gul, D. Bacchini, Amanda N. Faherty, Andrea Zoroja, Rumana Aktar, Raffaella Perrella, Abigail A. Camden, M. Hossain, K. Roy","doi":"10.1177/1069397118822992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118822992","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory’s (IPARTheory’s) prediction that adults’ (both men’s and women’s) remembrances of parental (both maternal and paternal) rejection in childhood are likely to be associated with adults’ fear of intimacy, as mediated by adults’ psychological maladjustment and relationship anxiety. The study also assesses the prediction that these associations will not vary significantly by gender, ethnicity, language, culture, or other such defining conditions. To test these predictions a sample of 3,483 young adults in 13 nations responded to the mother and father versions of the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (short forms), Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (short form), the Interpersonal Relationship Anxiety Questionnaire, the Fear of Intimacy Scale, and the Revised Personal Information Form. Results of multigroup analyses showed that adults’ remembrances of both maternal and paternal rejection in childhood independently predicted men’s and women’s fear of intimacy in all 13 countries. However, remembered maternal rejection was a significantly stronger predictor of adults’ fear of intimacy than was remembered paternal rejection. Results also confirmed the prediction in all 13 countries and across both genders that both maternal and paternal rejection independently predicted adults’ psychological maladjustment and relationship anxiety, which in turn predicted fear of intimacy. In addition, psychological maladjustment partially mediated the relation between remembrances of maternal and paternal rejection, and adults’ fear of intimacy in all 13 countries and both genders.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"508 - 542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397118822992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41361224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arctic Disequilibrium: Shifting Human-Environmental Systems","authors":"Djuke Veldhuis, Pelle Tejsner, F. Riede, T. Høye, R. Willerslev","doi":"10.1177/1069397118815132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118815132","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of Cross-Cultural Research presents four papers each of which in their own way addresses the question of how Arctic populations tackle the high levels of unpredictability and risk associated with their environment. It takes as a starting point the evidence for and against aspects of disequilibrium between humans, animals, and their environment. The authors consider both contemporary and historical Indigenous Arctic populations and the dynamics of human–animal relations in the context of an ever-changing socioecology of the Arctic. Three overarching sources of disequilibrium are identified: (a) disruption in existing ecological networks due to climate and environmental upheaval, (b) effects of sociopolitical change (including migration and disease), and, finally, (c) changes to subsistence strategies. Based on contemporary field studies from across the Arctic, including the Ust’-Avam and Samoyed from the Taimyr Region in Russia, Sami in Finland, Yukagir and Chukchi from Siberia, and the historic Thule community from Greenland, the authors illustrate how, despite apparent disequilibria, there is nevertheless notable resilience evident in the coupling of human-environmental systems. Documenting past and present changes in local livelihoods, subsistence patterns, and sociocultural practices helps us understand the wider context in which these cultures persist. It also allows us to explore what factors are significant in supporting the long-term resilience of Indigenous communities, especially in the context of challenges, such as high levels of addiction, depression and suicide, facing contemporary arctic societies.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"155 4","pages":"243 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397118815132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41299012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Justice in Arab Countries: Investigation of the Measurement and Structural Invariance","authors":"H. Gadelrab, Othman Alkhadher, Said Aldhafri, Saad A. Almoshawah, Yahya M. Khatatba, F. Z. El Abiddine, Mohammed Alyetama, Said Elmsalak, Nabha Tarboush, Sarah Slimene","doi":"10.1177/1069397118815099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118815099","url":null,"abstract":"Given the importance of comparing different groups in terms of perceptions of justice and justice effects, it is essential that the instrument used to measure perceptions behaves the same way across all groups. This study investigates the measurement invariance of the four-factor structure of organizational justice across nine Arab countries. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis is used with 2,914 employees working in the public sector to represent the variety of cultures among the Arab nations. We assess organizational justice using a measure developed by Alkhadher and Gadelrab primarily for Arab cultural perspectives of justice. This study shows that the four-dimensional model of justice is valid across the nine countries at the configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Fit indices showed sufficient to optimal fit, and difference test values were not significant across the set of the increasingly constrained confirmatory factor models. According to these results, we conclude that comparisons could be made safely on the justice latent variable level across the nine Arab groups. Moreover, justice dimension intercorrelations were found to be moderate to high and independent of cultural groups.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"27 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397118815099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43739691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Differences in the Perception of Personal Growth Among Adolescents","authors":"Whitney Dominick, Kanako Taku","doi":"10.1177/1069397118815111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118815111","url":null,"abstract":"Research shows that some adolescents experience positive psychological changes resulting from highly stressful life events. Because “positive change” is a value-laden concept, there may be cross-cultural differences in this conception of growth. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess different perceptions of personal growth across cultures. Adolescents from Japan (n = 288, Mage = 16.16) and the United States (n = 155, Mage = 16.21) completed demographic information and wrote three words describing their perception of personal growth. Results showed 443 different words generated, which were condensed into 12 categories. The types of words generated differed between nationalities, with Japanese adolescents generating more words related to social connection, and adolescents in the United States generating words related to change. Gender differences were found in physical change and age differences in the knowledge categories. Results demonstrate cross-cultural differences as well as similarities in the conceptualization of personal growth. Future research may examine how adolescents change the meaning of personal growth after experiencing personal growth resulting from a stressful life event.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"428 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397118815111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65874838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can National Culture Affect the Implementation of Common Sustainable Policies? A European Response","authors":"Eva Lahuerta-Otero, M. González-Bravo","doi":"10.1177/1069397117739849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397117739849","url":null,"abstract":"Businesses and researchers are increasingly seeking to understand the drivers of sustainability. Several recent studies have highlighted the effects of cultural factors when assessing environmental practices. While there is considerable research on the topic, we aim to provide additional evidence on the effects of cultural factors on environmental performance across countries. We propose that cultural factors affect sustainability strategies, although they depend on specific environmental issues. Little attention has been paid to the individual performance indicators forming the well-known global Environmental Performance Indicator (EPI) score when evaluating environmental performance. We use those individual indicators to identify specific environmental country-strategies depending on cultural and economic factors. The empirical analysis uses a sample of 31 European countries belonging to the European Environmental Agency, as they present common and aligned environmental strategies. The results show that despite common European objectives, country-specific environmental policies differ depending on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. We also confirm that economic and innovation factors play an important role in the implementation of countries’ environmental policies in areas such as Ecosystem Vitality, Environmental Health, and water and sanitation.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"468 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397117739849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42465258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beauty Is in the Eye of Beholder: Intracultural and Transcultural Heterogeneity of Individuals","authors":"K. Fatehi, J. Priestley","doi":"10.1177/1069397117732749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397117732749","url":null,"abstract":"Most cross-cultural studies unintentionally give the impression that there is intracultural homogeneity. This research is among a few that suggests otherwise, that there is intracultural and transcultural individual heterogeneity in thinking and logic, or “Mindscape.” It is a replication and an expansion of the earlier study. It intends to verify the existence of intracultural heterogeneity in support of mindscape theory. In doing so, it employs a unique way of data collection and analysis. The analysis of data that were collected from six countries not only supports the earlier findings but also points to the existence of intracultural and transcultural heterogeneity of individuals.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"443 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397117732749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41492615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Cultural Factors in R&D Intensity","authors":"Pedro Lorca, J. de Andrés","doi":"10.1177/1069397118813546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118813546","url":null,"abstract":"Research and development (R&D) investments are a key issue for companies. In an increasingly competitive economy, R&D can be a source of competitive advantage. Therefore, a profuse research line on the reasons that can motivate firms for R&D investment has emerged. Theoretical frameworks include the resource-based theory, the creative destruction model, the domestic competitive pressure model, and the exposure to international competition model, among others. However, the culture of the country is not widely used as an explanatory variable. Therefore, in this article we will test the extent to which R&D intensity in European countries may be explained by cultural dimensions. Our study included observations from 6,919 firm-year data from 1,517 firms in a sample of 13 European countries. The results support the idea that culture influences R&D intensity.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"483 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397118813546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47739246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Soul by Any Other Name: The Name-Soul Concept in Circumpolar Perspective","authors":"Matthew Walsh, S. O'Neill, F. Riede, R. Willerslev","doi":"10.1177/1069397118813078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118813078","url":null,"abstract":"Name-soul beliefs maintain that, through a process of reincarnation, spirits of the deceased return into the bodies of newborn members of the same society. When this is recognized, the newborn or very young child is then named for the previously known ancestor or close kin relation believed to be returning (e.g., a grandfather, or an aunt). Name-soul spiritual beliefs among traditional indigenous societies residing in circumpolar regions are pervasive. These correlate with livelihoods earned through hunting, gathering, and fishing in freezing cold expanses of extreme landscape, presenting great physical challenges for traditional families over many generations. A neo-functionalist argument is proposed here, with two aspects. First, that kin ties are strongly reinforced between generations through this close association of affinity and identity, providing important emotional bonds that vitally facilitate physical survival. Second, that the sharpened spiritual power of a soul with the wherewithal to journey back offered powerful protection to the young. Drawing on detailed readings of qualitative ethnographic literature on 11 discrete societies across the region as evidence, this article compares and contrasts name-soul beliefs to better understand the extent to which very similar beliefs might have emerged independently of each other, and how these might have solved similar problems.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"312 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1069397118813078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42499282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}