Cross-Cultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Cultural Correlates of Adult Attachment Dimensions: Comparing the US and Turkey","authors":"Ezgi Sakman, Nebi Sümer","doi":"10.1177/10693971231220437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231220437","url":null,"abstract":"Mainstream attachment literature has chiefly employed WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) samples, yet cross-cultural studies investigating attachment dynamics outside of Western world corroborated universality of the basic tenets of attachment theory and normativity of attachment security. Importantly, these studies revealed country-level differences in the prevalence of insecure attachment tendencies. Of note, this line of work bears the limitation of reducing culture to country and relying on the individualism versus collectivism dichotomy. The present study offers a novel examination of individual-level links between distinct cultural mindsets and distinct attachment orientations. We investigated two community samples ( NTurkey = 368, NUSA = 350) from two diverse cultural contexts by employing an assorted battery of cultural value measures, including both overt and covert measures of cultural indicators. Results revealed distinct relationships between attachment anxiety and the interdependent mindset and attachment avoidance and the independent mindset in both cultural contexts. Findings are discussed in light of cultural implications.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Variation in Social Norms and Domestic Anti-Immigrant Hostility","authors":"H. Kim","doi":"10.1177/10693971231223279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231223279","url":null,"abstract":"Why are some ingroup members (i.e., natives) more tolerant of, or hostile toward, outgroup others (i.e., immigrants)? A large volume of evidence exists attempting to address this issue. The bulk of findings from observational and experimental research focuses on the dual concept of ‘realistic’ and ‘symbolic’ threat, operationalized in terms of migrant stock or percentage of foreign-born population. According to the literature, a higher stock generally indicates a higher threat, which in turn implies greater xenophobic sentiment. Against this backdrop, the present study shifts the analytic emphasis to a novel explanatory mechanism in the US context: strength of social norms at the state level. Specifically, by drawing on the concept of cultural tightness-looseness, it asks whether American citizens in a geographic region characterized by strong social norms and stringent sanctioning of deviance are, on average, more xenophobic. Results from mixed effects models provide substantial support. Based on nationally representative data collected by the Pew Research Center (2018) during the height of Trump administration, the analysis reveals that cultural tightness has a contextual effect: net of controls, residency in a state with a higher index score is associated with greater levels of anti-immigrant prejudice and stronger preference for anti-immigration policy.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Social Distancing: A Cross-Cultural Study of Interpersonal Distance Preferences and Touch Behaviors Before and During the Pandemic","authors":"Ilona Croy, Carina Heller, G. Akello, Afifa Anjum, C. Atama, A. Avsec, Boris Bizumic, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, M. Boussena, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, H. Çetinkaya, Jorge Contreras-Garduño, Rui Costa Lopes, Marcin Czub, Slávka Démuthová, D. Dronova, Seda Dural, O. Eya, Mokadem Fatma, Tomasz Frąckowiak, Farida Guemaz, Ivana Hromatko, K. Kafetsios, Tina Kavčič, I. Khilji, Magdalena Kruk, Cătălin Lazăr, T. Lindholm, A. Londero-Santos, Conal Monaghan, Anam Shahid, Bojan Musil, J. Natividade, E. Oberzaucher, A. Oleszkiewicz, Ike E. Onyishi, C. Onyishi, A. Pagani, M. Parise, K. Pisanski, Nejc Plohl, Camelia Popa, P. Prokop, Muhammad Rizwan, Mario Sainz, R. Sargautytė, Shivantika Sharad, J. Valentova, M. Varella, Belkacem Yakhlef, Gyesook Yoo, Gaja Zager Kocjan, M. Zupančič, A. Sorokowska","doi":"10.1177/10693971231174935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231174935","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the introduction of unprecedented safety measures, one of them being physical distancing recommendations. Here, we assessed whether the pandemic has led to long-term effects on two important physical distancing aspects, namely interpersonal distance preferences and interpersonal touch behaviors. We analyzed nearly 14,000 individual cases from two large, cross-cultural surveys – the first conducted 2 years prior to the pandemic and the second during a relatively stable period of a decreased infection rate in May-June 2021. Preferred interpersonal distances increased by 54% globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. This increase was observable across all types of relationships, all countries, and was more pronounced in individuals with higher self-reported vulnerability to diseases. Unexpectedly, participants reported a higher incidence of interpersonal touch behaviors during than before the pandemic. We discuss our results in the context of prosocial and self-protection motivations that potentially promote different social behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"137 1","pages":"41 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Populism and Protest Intensity: A Cross-National Analysis","authors":"Patrick Sawyer","doi":"10.1177/10693971231202218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231202218","url":null,"abstract":"Populist studies are increasingly interested in the effects that populism has on the politics of contemporary democratic systems. This article analyzes the relationship between populist parties and politicians and the intensity of political protest. Arguing that populists generate feelings of anger and outrage at establishment politicians, develop close relationships with social movements, and instigate further polarization and resistance from the opposition, the existence of populist actors in a political system is believed to generate more political protests. Using a unique dataset of populist parties in European, Latin American, and North American countries, cross-national testing demonstrates strong positive correlations between the presence of populists in power and anti-government demonstrations, testifying to the effect that populists have on protest activity. Tests for the existence of populist parties in the opposition, however, reveal no empirical support for increased levels of political protest, implying that the strongest effect only comes once populists come to power. These results provide necessary nuance to our understanding of the destabilizing effects of populism and its consequences for contemporary liberal democracies.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Response Styles and the Hofstede and GLOBE Dimensions of Culture in a Sample of Adolescents From 33 Countries","authors":"Tamilka Bonjeer, Hana Vonkova","doi":"10.1177/10693971231203759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231203759","url":null,"abstract":"A number of studies have examined the relationships between response styles and the Hofstede and GLOBE cultural indices; however, studies involving adolescent samples or examining the effects of national wealth on observed relationships are scarce. This study addresses these gaps by applying simple and partial correlation analysis to the data of 15-year-olds in 33 PISA 2006 countries. The study found that the relationships between response styles and cultural indices in the two frameworks are similar to those in past studies of adult populations. After accounting for GDP per capita, the majority of relationships remained unchanged. However, others, such as Hofstede’s power distance and acquiescence and dis-acquiescence, lost significance, and Hofstede’s masculinity and extreme response styles only gained significance when GDP per capita was held constant. The findings highlight the influence of cultural values on students’ questionnaire-response behaviours, which should be recognised in comparative studies.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Maya Children do not see Power as More Masculine: Evidence From Self-Perception and Gender-Power Association Tasks","authors":"Rawan Charefeddine, Thomas Castelain, Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst","doi":"10.1177/10693971231202885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231202885","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that by the age of 4, preschool children tend to associate social power with the male gender. The present study examined this association with a group of children from a Maya community in Guatemala, where gender inequalities are high, and tested the prediction that a strong gender hierarchy reduces girls’ perception of themselves as being dominant in dyadic power situations. However, contrary to our predictions, we did not find that children associated power with the male gender. In Experiment 1, we asked 4 to 7 years-old children ( N = 70) to identify themselves with a dominant or subordinate character in same-gender and mixed-gender relationships. In contrast, to what was previously observed with French children, the results showed no significant difference between male and female participants, both of whom strongly identified with the dominant character. In Experiment 2, we asked 4 to 6 years-old participants ( N = 70) to assign a gender to a dominant and subordinate character and found a strong own-gender effect, with all participants, males and females, assigning their own gender to the powerful character. Again, this contrasts with previous findings indicating that children from France, Norway and Lebanon did consistently associate power with the male gender. The absence of a male-power association in Maya children is discussed in terms of cultural differences regarding exposure to gender stereotypes, power values and representations of female-male comparisons.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135860451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deny, Reassure, and Deflect: Evidence and Implications of Forms and Norms of Fat Talk","authors":"Cindi Sturtzsreetharan, Monet Ghorbani, A. Brewis, A. Wutich","doi":"10.1177/10693971231199373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231199373","url":null,"abstract":"Fat talk is a conversational interaction recognized through comments like “Does this make me look fat?” In the US, based on psychological lab-based investigations, fat talk is defined as highly damaging for women and actively targeted for various interventions. Using a discourse completion task (DCT), we present normative responses ( N = 313) to fat talk prompts testing women’s fat talk patterns across diverse languages and socio-cultural contexts. Based on replies from the DCT deployed in seven countries, we find that the normative response in all sites is always denial (“No, you aren’t!”) and often followed by additional reassurance (“you look good”). The consistency of findings suggests fat talk is an emergent global conversational form with shared, recognized rules among casual acquaintances. The normative denial response suggests positive functions where interactional fat talk reaffirms and reassures peer affiliation and membership. Ultimately, we suggest that fat talk may serve as a mundane rejection of everyday fatphobia; interventions posing fat talk as always harmful may simply reaffirm experiences of fat stigma by attempting to restrict the interpretation to only negative.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45433596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Transcendence: A Cross-Cultural Study With Democracy in the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Jennifer Lau, Yi-Hui Christine Huang, Qinxian Cai, Jun Li, Jie Sun, Ruoheng Liu","doi":"10.1177/10693971231192729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231192729","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic and the steps governments took to combat it tormented societies across the globe. Accordingly, existential positive psychologists have emphasized the importance of self-transcendence in mitigating the distress and agony caused by prolonged and rigorous health measures. In this cross-cultural study, the correlation between self-transcendence, people’s confidence in government, and democracy was examined. Based on the findings of an online survey ( n = 36,304) conducted in 16 societies in Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the multi-level analysis established that self-transcendence had a negative relationship with people’s confidence in their own government, especially in less democratic societies. Besides expanding the Schwartz theory of basic values and inspiring theoretical developments for new research, this paper recommends that related institutions obtain community consent before pushing out strict health measures.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49537249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Prosocial Behaviour Predicts Well-Being in Different Cultures: A Daily Diary Study of Facebook Users","authors":"T. Marshall, Jennifer Chavanovanich, Lu Huang, Jie Deng","doi":"10.1177/10693971231187470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231187470","url":null,"abstract":"Almost two billion people use Facebook every day, but relatively few studies have examined the ways that culture shapes its use, and in turn, its associations with well-being. Our 1-week daily diary study sought to extend this literature by comparing prosocial uses of Facebook in a collectivist culture, Thailand ( N = 169), and in an individualist culture, Canada ( N = 131). We found that, relative to Thais, Canadians more frequently engaged in knowledge-sharing prosocial Facebook behaviour (i.e., providing useful information to Facebook friends), which was mediated by their more independent self-construal, stronger motivation to use Facebook for spreading information, and weaker motivation to use it for belongingness. Only Canadians reported higher life satisfaction on days they engaged in more prosocial knowledge-sharing. However, Thais and Canadians were equally likely to engage in emotionally-supportive prosocial Facebook behavior, which was associated with higher positive affect and life satisfaction in both groups.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45955560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of Parental Burnout Around the Globe: Similarities and Differences Across 36 Countries","authors":"M. Matias, Joyce Aguiar, A. Fontaine, Ege Akgun, G. Arıkan, K. Aunola, E. Barham, Wim Beyers, E. Boujut, A. Brytek-Matera, N. Carbonneau, Filipa César, Bin-Bin Chen, G. Dorard, S. Dunsmuir, N. Egorova, L. Elias, N. Favez, H. Foran, Kaichiro Furutani, M. Gannagé, M. Gaspar, L. Godbout, James J. Gross, Ogma Hatta, M. Huynh, Nassima Kellou, G. Knežević, L. Lazarević, S. Le Vigouroux, V. Leme, Denisse Manrique-Millones, Rosa Bertha Millones Rivalles, María Isabel Miranda-Orrego, M. Miscioscia, C. Morgades-Bamba, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi, Badra Moutassem-Mimouni, A. Muntean, H. Murphy, Josué Ngnombouowo Tenkue, F. Osman, Daniela Oyarce Cadiz, P. Pérez-Díaz, K. Petrides, C. Scola, A. Simonelli, B. Soenens, E. Sorbring, M. Sorkkila, Elena Stănculescu, E. Starchenkova, D. Szczygieł, M. Tremblay, A. M. Ustundag-Budak, H. V. van Bakel, L. Verhofstadt, J. Wendland, Moïra Mikolajczak, I. Roskam","doi":"10.1177/10693971231174551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231174551","url":null,"abstract":"Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries’ levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hallmark dimension and an indicator of severe burnout for individualistic countries. Contrary to our predictions, emotional distance and saturation did not allow a clear differentiation across collectivistic countries. Our findings support several research avenues regarding PB measurement and intervention.","PeriodicalId":47154,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44125540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}