Rationality and Society最新文献_第7页

How can I help you? Multiple resource availability promotes generosity with low-value (but not high-value) resources 我能为您做些什么?多资源可用性促进了对低价值(但不是高价值)资源的慷慨

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/1043463121999658

Ashley Harrell

{"title":"How can I help you? Multiple resource availability promotes generosity with low-value (but not high-value) resources","authors":"Ashley Harrell","doi":"10.1177/1043463121999658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463121999658","url":null,"abstract":"People commonly possess multiple, differentially-valued resources they can use to benefit those in need: contributing money, volunteering time, donating unwanted possessions, posting on social media to raise awareness, and more. But the majority of experimental work on generosity and helping behavior has studied giving when only a single valuable resource is available to give. This project considers: when people have multiple, differentially-valued resources to use to benefit a dependent other, which resources will they use to help, and how much? Results from an experiment show, first, that generosity is higher with lower-value resources. More importantly, when multiple, differentially-valued resources are available to use to benefit others, helping is higher than when a single resource is available, all else being equal. This is because when multiple resources are available, people are especially willing to give away their relatively lower-value resources. Put differently, when people can benefit others using multiple resources, they are more likely to consider how they should help, rather than whether they should.","PeriodicalId":47079,"journal":{"name":"Rationality and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"341 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1043463121999658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44430626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Populism and the rational choice model: The case of the French National Front 民粹主义与理性选择模式——以法国国民阵线为例

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1043463121995969

F. Facchini, L. Jaeck

引用次数: 2

Relative risk aversion models: How plausible are their assumptions? 相对风险厌恶模型:它们的假设有多可信?

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2021-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/1043463121994087

C. Barone, K. Barg, M. Ichou

{"title":"Relative risk aversion models: How plausible are their assumptions?","authors":"C. Barone, K. Barg, M. Ichou","doi":"10.1177/1043463121994087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463121994087","url":null,"abstract":"This work examines the validity of the two main assumptions of relative risk-aversion models of educational inequality. We compare the Breen-Goldthorpe (BG) and the Breen-Yaish (BY) models in terms of their assumptions about status maintenance motives and beliefs about the occupational risks associated with educational decisions. Concerning the first assumption, our contribution is threefold. First, we criticise the assumption of the BG model that families aim only at avoiding downward mobility and are insensitive to the prospects of upward mobility. We argue that the loss-aversion assumption proposed by BY is a more realistic formulation of status-maintenance motives. Second, we propose and implement a novel empirical approach to assess the validity of the loss-aversion assumption. Third, we present empirical results based on a sample of families of lower secondary school leavers indicating that families are sensitive to the prospects of both upward and downward mobility, and that the loss-aversion hypothesis of BY is empirically supported. As regards the risky choice assumption, we argue that families may not believe that more ambitious educational options entail occupational risks relative to less ambitious ones. We present empirical evidence indicating that, in France, the academic path is not perceived as a risky option. We conclude that, if the restrictive assumptions of the BG model are removed, relative-risk aversion needs not drive educational inequalities.","PeriodicalId":47079,"journal":{"name":"Rationality and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"143 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1043463121994087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45462064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Non-state order and strategic communication via symbolic dress in Yemen 也门非国家秩序与象征性服饰战略沟通

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/1043463120985322

Daniel Corstange

引用次数: 2

Death beyond the means: Funeral overspending and its government regulation around the world 无法承受的死亡:世界各地的丧葬超支及其政府监管

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2021-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/1043463121990015

T. Sadigov

引用次数: 3

The economics of escalation 经济升级

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2021-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/1043463120985310

Fabio D’Orlando, Sharon Ricciotti

{"title":"The economics of escalation","authors":"Fabio D’Orlando, Sharon Ricciotti","doi":"10.1177/1043463120985310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463120985310","url":null,"abstract":"Escalation is a key characteristic of many consumption behaviors that has not received theoretical attention. This paper aims to propose both a definition and a theoretical treatment of escalation in consumption. We define escalation as a subject’s attempt to obtain “more” or engage in consumption behaviors that are “more intense” on a measurable, quantitative or qualitative, objective or subjective, scale (more difficult ski slopes, stronger drugs, harder sex, better restaurants etc.), even if the subject preferred less intense consumption behaviors in the past. Further, this evolution in behavior also occurs if the budget constraint does not change. We will find endogenous and exogenous theoretical microfoundations for escalation in models of hedonic adaptation, desire for novelty, acquisition of consumption skills, rising aspirations, positional effects, and envy. However, we will also discuss the possibility that the tendency to escalate is a specific innate behavior inherent to human nature. Finally, we will propose a preliminary theoretical formalization of such behavior and indicate the possible implications of taking escalation into adequate consideration. JEL codes: B52, D11, D90, D91, I31","PeriodicalId":47079,"journal":{"name":"Rationality and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"106 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1043463120985310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Property rights’ emergence in illicit drug markets 非法毒品市场中产权的出现

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/1043463120968288

J. Bertolai, L. G. Scorzafave

{"title":"Property rights’ emergence in illicit drug markets","authors":"J. Bertolai, L. G. Scorzafave","doi":"10.1177/1043463120968288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463120968288","url":null,"abstract":"Governance rules are efficient mechanisms in the sense that they increase people’s welfare. They emerge even when the state is unable or refuses to create and enforce them. We study a situation in which this demand for governance manifests itself through the emergence of property rights in illicit drug markets: a privately-provided governance. Specifically, we propose a model for property rights emergence in illicit drug markets as predicted by the theory on governance provided by prison gangs. It is studied a situation in which an agreement among criminals, resembling property rights enforceability on its allocative effect, can emerge in illicit drug markets. Our Mechanism Design approach shows that a change inside the prison system, from a competitive environment to the hegemony of a group of criminals, implies the equilibrium in illicit markets to shift from warfare to peace: the hegemonic group is shown to desire to promote the collusive agreement when it is able to do so. This contrasts with the equilibrium under no hegemony, in which the possibility to conquer consumers/territories drives violence up to a positive level. The novel empirical perspective implied by the model is explored using data from Brazil, a context for which the theory of governance provided by prison gangs has been pointed as a key explanation.","PeriodicalId":47079,"journal":{"name":"Rationality and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"52 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1043463120968288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48205873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-Side fighting in civil war: The logic of mortal alignment in Syria 内战中的旁敲侧击：叙利亚致命结盟的逻辑

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/1043463120966989

J. Schulhofer-Wohl

{"title":"On-Side fighting in civil war: The logic of mortal alignment in Syria","authors":"J. Schulhofer-Wohl","doi":"10.1177/1043463120966989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463120966989","url":null,"abstract":"On-side fighting – outright violence between armed groups aligned on the same side of a civil war’s master cleavage – represents a devastating breakdown in cooperation. Its humanitarian consequences are also grave. But it has been under-recognized empirically and therefore under-theorized by scholars to date. This article remedies the omission. Existing research can be extrapolated to produce candidate explanations, but these overlook spatial and temporal variation in on-side fighting within a war. I provide a theory that accounts for this ebb and flow. On-side fighting hinges on belligerents’ trade-offs between short-term survival and long-term political objectives. Enemy threats to survival underpin on-side cooperation; in their absence, belligerents can pursue political gains against on-side competitors. I evaluate this threat-absence theory using evidence from the ongoing Syrian Civil War’s first years. Fine-grained fatalities data capture fluctuating enemy threats to on-side groups’ survival and situate on-side fighting and its absence. Findings support threat-absence theory and contribute to research on warfighting and political competition in civil wars and to the study of coalition dynamics in other settings, including elections and legislatures.","PeriodicalId":47079,"journal":{"name":"Rationality and Society","volume":"32 1","pages":"402 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1043463120966989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48948968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Time-inconsistent preferences and the minimum legal tobacco consuming age 时间不一致的偏好和最低合法吸烟年龄

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/1043463120964604

B. Crettez, Régis Deloche

{"title":"Time-inconsistent preferences and the minimum legal tobacco consuming age","authors":"B. Crettez, Régis Deloche","doi":"10.1177/1043463120964604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463120964604","url":null,"abstract":"In both the United States of America and the European Union, Member States are encouraged to prevent young people from starting to smoke by forbidding selling tobacco products to people under a certain age. By contrast, there are in general no legal minimum age requirements for consuming those products. Our aim is to address such discrepancy from a theoretical viewpoint by focusing on the case where people have time-inconsistent preferences. Specifically, we build a three-period (youth, adulthood, old age) model of smoking decision in which individual intertemporal preferences are present-biased. Then, using this model, we show that when agents are naive, that is when they are unaware that their intertemporal preferences are time-inconsistent, it may be worthwhile, from the individual viewpoint, to legally prevent young people from smoking. This conclusion does not always hold, because what is good for an agent in youth can be disputable in adult age (and conversely). When individuals are sophisticated, that is, not naive, a legal smoking age (either for buying, consuming or selling tobacco products) is pointless. This conclusion is also reached if one follows the continuing person approach advocated by Sugden. JEL Classification Numbers : I12, I18, K32, D15","PeriodicalId":47079,"journal":{"name":"Rationality and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"176 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1043463120964604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Asymmetric awareness and heterogeneous agents 非对称意识和异构代理

IF 1 4区社会学

Rationality and Society Pub Date : 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.1177/1043463120963403

Antoine Dubus

引用次数: 0