IATSS Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact analysis of street space quality on pedestrian behavior using mobile probe data","authors":"Nagahiro Yoshida ,&nbsp;Tomohito Nakai","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pedestrian-centered streets are being developed to enhance the attractiveness of cities by creating comfortable and walkable spaces. Recent advancements in information and communication technology have allowed for the analysis of the relationship between street spaces and pedestrian behavior using mobile probe data (MPD). This study examined the characteristics of pedestrian behavior around major railway stations using MPD and assessed the impact of street space quality on pedestrian presence and traffic volume. This study utilized the integration value of the Space Syntax theory to measure the street walkability and the size of retail facilities to determine street attractiveness. The results suggested that street space quality played a conditional role in attracting pedestrians and increasing the traffic volume between stations and commercial areas. This analysis method is effective for identifying the streets where the street space between origins and destinations is underestimated in relation to traffic volume. This can facilitate efforts to convert streets into pedestrian-friendly spaces, thereby enhancing walkability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 477-486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree-based approaches to understanding factors influencing crash severity across roadway classes: A Thailand case study","authors":"Thanapong Champahom ,&nbsp;Chamroeun Se ,&nbsp;Fareeda Watcharamaisakul ,&nbsp;Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao ,&nbsp;Ampol Karoonsoontawong ,&nbsp;Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing studies often overlook the nuanced differences between various road classifications and their respective crash dynamics, hindering the development of targeted interventions to mitigate crash severity. To address this gap, this study investigates factors influencing the likelihood of fatality in road crashes across highways, collector roads, and local roads in Thailand using crash data from 2015 to 2021. Highways connect regions with high-speed traffic and large volumes, collector roads link smaller communities with lower traffic density but allow higher speeds, and local roads primarily pass through villages, with narrow pathways, two traffic lanes, and frequent motorcycle use. The study employs machine learning methodologies utilizing tree-based algorithms, including Decision Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, Extra Trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. The XGBoost model delivered superior performance for highways, while Gradient Boosting slightly outperformed XGBoost for local and collector roads. Both models consistently achieved a test accuracy of 0.70, with precision between 0.66 and 0.67, recall ranging from 0.59 to 0.61, and F1-scores from 0.58 to 0.61. The AUC values also consistently ranged from 0.59 to 0.61. SHAP values reveal key factors influencing fatality risk across road types, including speeding, gender disparities, driving under the influence of alcohol, inadequate lighting, and elderly drivers. Specific concerns include reversing on highways, collisions in poorly lit areas on collector roads, and helmet non-use on local roads. The findings support policy recommendations to address speeding, target male and older drivers, prevent reversing incidents, enhance lighting, and promote helmet use. This research deepens our understanding of factors affecting road crash severity and offers valuable insights for improving road safety across various environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 464-476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution in Japan's legal system for ensuring traffic safety","authors":"Takeyoshi Imai","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Japan, the key pieces of legislations governing road safety, namely the Road Transport Vehicle Act and the Road Traffic Act, have been revised to tackle drunk driving and, recently, to allow the development of self-driving cars. Traffic safety on public roads depends on a holistic system of vehicle control and a graduated response to traffic violation. If small violations are dealt with via a simplified system of fines, drunk driving and other form of dangerous driving need a stronger response that also includes criminal incrimination. The other major evolution in traffic-safety law is the gradual introduction of legislation allowing self-driving cars. After reducing the obstacles to the operation of automated vehicles with technology comparable to SAE level 3 on public roads, legislation has recently introduced a system comprising three entities for SAE level 4 cars in order to safely transition to driverless traffic operation. However, the key concepts and definitions—even for terms as simple as the “driver” —still need to be reviewed and improved to better fit this futuristic mode of driving.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 456-463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000384/pdfft?md5=eb2a103348d0801e73a559fb3cce8fec&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000384-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discomfort in pedestrian-electric scooter interactions during frontal approaches","authors":"Kazufumi Suzuki ,&nbsp;Tatsuto Suzuki ,&nbsp;Nick Tyler ,&nbsp;Koji Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As urban landscapes rapidly integrate e-scooters into their transportation ecosystems, understanding pedestrian-e-scooter interactions becomes paramount for safety and planning. This study investigates pedestrian discomfort levels and avoidance strategies when encountering an e-scooter approaching from the front.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>25 participants were exposed to e-scooters approaching at three different speeds and lateral distances. Avoidance paths were plotted, and subjective discomfort levels were recorded and analysed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings underscored two key behaviours: 1) As the speed of the e-scooter increased, participants initiated avoidance manoeuvres from a further distance ahead, suggesting a heightened perception of risk. 2) Regardless of the e-scooter's speed, the lateral distance maintained during passing remained fairly constant. However, when the e-scooter's initial lateral position was closer to participants, both the initiation distance for avoidance and the reported discomfort level increased noticeably.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings underscore the critical influence of lateral distance and e-scooter speed on pedestrian comfort and avoidance behaviour. These insights can guide urban planners and policymakers in designing safer and more efficient shared spaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 447-455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000426/pdfft?md5=d8802018a9654bf115634f96c6cd1ccc&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000426-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive view of factors influencing child passenger safety in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Cailis Bullard ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kofi Adanu ,&nbsp;William Agyemang ,&nbsp;Steven Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the recent decline in child deaths caused by road traffic crashes in high income countries, low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have yet to experience a similar trend. Children are among the most vulnerable of road users accounting for 30–40 % of all road traffic deaths in LMICs, 50 % of which are vehicle occupants. Previous research suggests that children ages 0–9 are the second most vulnerable age group in Ghana with 54 % of the children being fatally injured in injury-related crashes. However, little has been done to identify the associated factors influencing injury severity outcomes for child passengers in Ghana. This study investigates the factors that are associated with the various injury severity outcomes for child vehicle occupants less than 9 years old involved in road crashes in Ghana from 2014 to 2020. Results indicate that older child passengers (aged 5–8) were associated with lower injury severities compared to younger passengers. Additionally, crashes in which the driver sustained more severe injuries resulted in a higher likelihood of the child passengers sustaining a fatal injury. Findings from this research emphasize the issue of child passenger safety and support transportation policy and decision making to reduce risks of injury for child passengers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 440-446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000438/pdfft?md5=565424c64ddc1a89dafd28475e749c4e&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000438-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the influence of environmental factors on driver speed: A structural equation modeling analysis","authors":"Abbas Sheykhfard ,&nbsp;Farshidreza Haghighi ,&nbsp;Soheila Saeidi ,&nbsp;Mohammad SafariTaherkhani ,&nbsp;Subasish Das","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the influential roadway and contextual factors affecting drivers' speed selection through a comprehensive investigation employing structural equation modeling. Roadway and contextual variables including road curvature, presence of roundabouts, adverse weather conditions, and access were investigated using infrared speed sensors. The analysis revealed that specific roadway and contextual factors such as field variables, uphill and downhill road inclines, particular road curvature, and rainy weather significantly influence drivers' chosen speeds, while factors such as road access, nighttime conditions, larger road curvature, and signage exhibit a lesser impact. Notably, the study also found a positive correlation between road curvature radius and driver-chosen speed. The study's implications for transportation infrastructure planning and road safety interventions are underscored, with potential applications in road design, signage improvement, and weather-responsive measures to regulate driver speed choices in specific roadway and contextual conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 427-439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000396/pdfft?md5=687a99d18d6111103ad982c2a7bacdc6&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000396-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of luminance of head-up displays on recognition of visual objects on roads","authors":"Takashi Hosokawa ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Takayuki Tsui ,&nbsp;Keisuke Saito ,&nbsp;Tomotaka Igarashi ,&nbsp;Akinari Hirao","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of visual obstruction when a head-up display (HUD) is presented in front of a driver's field of view.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of HUDs is expected to increase due to advances in augmented reality (AR) technology. A conventional HUD is displayed at a relatively low position in relation to the driver's viewpoint and has little effect on their front view. However, while an HUD, such as the AR-HUD, is presented in front of the driver's field of vision and helps them in presenting ADAS information, there is a concern that this display may obscure visual objects on the road from the driver's field of vision.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>An experiment using a mockup consisting of a HUD and a driver's seat was conducted with 28 participants. A passenger car, motorcycle, and crossing pedestrian were presented as visual objects on a 65-in monitor behind the image of the HUD. Participants were asked questions under different conditions with changes in the HUD luminance and asked to correctly answer questions regarding changes in the inter-vehicle distance and the existence of visual objects on the road. The number of correct answers provided by the participants was recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The experimental results revealed that the HUD had an effect under the twilight condition wherein the background luminance was low. Furthermore, analyzing the number of correct answers for each visual target revealed that the HUD had an effect under conditions wherein the size of the visual object was small.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It was experimentally derived that the luminance ratio R_luminance = 1.1 was the threshold value that affected the recognition of the visual object in the background when the HUD was presented in front of the driver's field of view.</p></div><div><h3>Implication</h3><p>The threshold value of the luminance ratio R_luminance obtained in this study can be considered when deciding how to properly display the HUD in front of the driver's field of view.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 417-426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000414/pdfft?md5=bededfbe013a64fef8b3168734906277&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000414-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary Richard Allsop 1940–2024","authors":"Nicola Christie","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 393-394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000372/pdfft?md5=7562c674066f0a83627bc60c7946f99b&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000372-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing accident frequency prediction models for urban roads: A case study in São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Cassiano Augusto Isler ,&nbsp;Yue Huang ,&nbsp;Lucas Eduardo Araújo de Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing number of vehicles and the evolving behaviour of road users present new and additional challenges to road safety. Study on the variables that influence the frequency of crash occurrences such as road geometry, junction, speed and land use are needed as they have proven effects on the number and severity of crashes. In this paper, we identify and assess the variables, namely road geometry, vehicle speed, traffic volume, land use and junction type, and develop accident frequency prediction models for a main urban transport corridor in São Paulo, Brazil. Crash data was provided by the traffic management company of the city, other datasets were obtained from a mix of primary and secondary sources including roadside cameras, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital mapping tools. The studied road was segmented and the coefficients associated with variables in the segments were obtained using Poisson regression through a stepwise variable selection procedure. Two models with junctions density per type (access/km, T-junction unsignalised/km, T-junction signalised/km and crossroads/km) and junction density per merged type (signalised/km and unsignalised/km) along with land use per type (commercial and residential) are developed. The junction density and land use are found to be significant and positively correlated with crash frequency. The models were evaluated by statistical means for their accuracy of predicting the crashes, and validated with additional information obtained from field observation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 378-392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000359/pdfft?md5=059d4ac96a5ef80e3f10822fc09b7486&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000359-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling gap acceptance behaviour during lane change with EDIV data: A deep dive into driving behaviour on expressway using a three level mixed effect linear regression approach","authors":"Akshay Gupta ,&nbsp;Pushpa Choudhary ,&nbsp;Manoranjan Parida","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lane change has a potential significance in road safety. Gap acceptance phenomena serves as a primary and critical phase in lane change maneuver. This study aims to investigate the gap acceptance behaviour of drivers during lane changes on expressways, with a focus on understanding how various factors influence drivers' decisions to change lanes. An extensive dataset collected through various sensors tailored for expressway driving, known as the ‘Expressway Drive: Instrumented Vehicle (EDIV) Dataset’ is utilized. Driving data from 59 drivers covering a distance of around 4000 km was used in the current study. Total 2578 lane changing events are identified through computing lateral deviations measured through 3D LiDAR sensor. Substantial differences are observed within the groups in primary analysis which suggest that lane-change direction significantly affect gap acceptance. To effectively manage both intra- and inter-cluster variances, this study employs two separate three levels mixed-effects linear models. These models account for the interdependence of gap acceptance characteristics within individual drivers and for different directions of lane changes by incorporating random effects. Furthermore, these models examine relationships between lead/ lag gap acceptance and the various influencing factors as fixed effects. It was found that factors such as speed of the subject vehicle, gap position, relative speeds, and surrounding vehicle types had influence on gap acceptance during lane changes on expressways. The insights gained from this study could inform the development of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) as well as development of autonomous vehicles, contributing to improved road safety and traffic flow management in high-speed environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 395-416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111224000360/pdfft?md5=378c4ebb7caf3e053fd1f4f8c7d6b169&pid=1-s2.0-S0386111224000360-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}